View source for of

{{also|OF|Of|of-|Of-|OF.|óf|òf|ôf}}
==English==

===Etymology 1===
{{etymon|en|id=preposition|inh|enm>of>preposition|tree=1}}
From {{inh|en|enm|of}}, from {{inh|en|ang|of|t=from, out of, off}}, an unstressed form of {{m|ang|æf}}, from {{inh|en|gmw-pro|*ab}}, from {{inh|en|gem-pro|*ab|t=away; away from}}. {{doublet|en|off}}, which is the stressed descendant of the same Old English word. More at {{l|en|off}}.

====Alternative forms====
* {{alter|en|ov|o|o'|a}}

====Pronunciation====
* {{qualifier|stressed}}
** {{enPR|ŏv|a=UK}}, {{IPA|en|/ɒv/}}
** {{enPR|ŏv|a=Australia,New Zealand}}, {{IPA|en|/ɔv/}}
*** {{rhymes|en|ɒv|s=1}}
** {{enPR|ŭv|a=US}}, {{IPA|en|/ʌv/}}
*** {{rhymes|en|ʌv|s=1}}
** {{audio|en|en-us-of.ogg|a=US}}
* {{qualifier|unstressed}}
** {{enPR|əv|a=UK}}, {{IPA|en|/əv/|/ə/|q2=before a consonant}}
** {{IPA|en|/ʌv/|/əv/|/ə/|q3=before a consonant|a=US}}
** {{audio|en|en-us-piece of cake.ogg|a=US,unstressed|text=[[piece of cake]]}}
** {{homophones|en|'ve}} {{qualifier|unstressed '''of''' only, postconsonantal ''''ve''' only}}
** {{homophones|en|a}} {{qualifier|when {{IPAchar|/v/}} is [[w:elision|elided]]}}
<!-- unstressed syllables can't carry a rhyme -->

====Preposition====
{{wikipedia}}
{{en-prep}}

# {{non-gloss|Expressing distance or motion.}}
## {{lb|en|now|obsolete|or|dialectal}} [[from|From]] (of distance, direction), "[[off]]". {{defdate|from 9th c.}}
##* {{RQ:Mlry MrtDrthr|15.10|2|XIII|x|passage=Sir said Galahad by this shelde ben many merueils fallen / Sir sayd the knyght hit befelle after the passion of our lord Ihesu Crist xxxij yere that Ioseph of Armathye the gentyl knyghte / the whiche took doune oure lord '''of''' the hooly Crosse att that tyme he departed from Iherusalem with a grete party of his kynred with hym|translation=Sir, said Galahad, by this shield many marvels have fallen / Sir, said the knight, it befell after the passion of our lord Jesus Christ, year 32, when Joseph of Arimathea, the gentile knight, / took down our lord '''of''' the holy Cross. At that time, he departed from Jerusalem with a great party of his kindred with him}}
<!--Prior quote:##*:Joseph of Aramathy, that jantyll knyght the whych toke downe Oure Lorde '''of''' the Holy Crosse-->
##* {{RQ:Burton Melancholy|partition=2|member=5|section=3|subsection=2|passage=Against headache, vertigo, vapours which ascend forth '''of''' the stomach to molest the head, read Hercules de Saxonia and others.}}
##* {{RQ:Melville Moby-Dick|chapter=XXXII|page=153|passage=He is never chased; he would run away with rope-walks '''of''' line.}}
## {{lb|en|obsolete|_|except in phrases}} [[since|Since]], [[from]] (a given time, earlier state etc.). {{defdate|from 9th c.}}
##* {{RQ:Tyndale NT|Mark|IX|passage=And he axed his father: howe longe is it agoo, sens this hath happened hym? And he sayde, '''of''' a chylde.}}
##* {{RQ:Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona|act=IV|scene=iv|passage=one that I brought vp '''of''' a puppy {{...}} I was sent to deliuer him, as a present to Mistris Siluia, from my Master.}}
##* {{quote-journal|en|date=July 29 2010|author=Simon Tisdall|journal=w:The Guardian
|passage=Obama has been obliged to make nice '''of''' late in hope of rescuing the moribund two-state process and preventing resumed West Bank settlement building.}}
## [[from|From]], away from (a position, number, distance etc.). {{defdate|from 10th c.}}
##: {{ux|en|There are no shops within twenty miles '''of''' the cottage.}}
##* {{quote-journal|en|date=September 30 1932|journal=[[w:Time (magazine)|Time]]
|passage=Though Washington does not officially recognize Moscow, the Hoover Administration permits a Soviet Russian Information Bureau to flourish in a modest red brick house on Massachusetts Avenue, within a mile '''of''' the White House.}}
##* {{quote-journal|en|date=November 7 2010|journal=w:The Guardian
|passage=There are now upwards '''of''' 1.4 million 99ers in America facing a life with no benefits and few prospects for finding a job in a market in which companies are still not hiring.}}
# {{non-gloss|Expressing separation.}}
## {{n-g|Indicating [[removal]], [[absence]] or [[separation]], with the action indicated by a [[transitive verb]] and the quality or substance by a grammatical object.}} {{defdate|from 10th c.}}
##: {{ux|en|Finally she was relieved '''of''' the burden of caring for her sick husband.}}
##* {{RQ:Mlry MrtDrthr|15.18|2|XIII|xviij|passage=And ther with on his handes and on his knees he wente soo nyghe that he touched the holy vessel / and kyste hit / and anone he was hole / and thenne he sayd lord god I thanke the / for I am helyd '''of''' this sekenesse|translation=And there, with his hands and on his knees, he got so close that he touched the holy vessel / and kissed it / and he was whole straight away / and then he said: lord God, I thank thee / for I am healed '''of''' this sickness}}
##* {{RQ:Montaigne Florio Essayes|book=II|chapter=I|passage=Antigonus [took] upon him to favour a souldier of his by reason of his vertue and valour, to have great care of him, and see whether they could recover him '''of''' a lingering and inward disease which had long tormented him {{...}}}}
##* {{quote-journal|en|date=February 20 1816|author=Jane Austen|journal=Letter
|passage=I am almost entirely cured '''of''' my rheumatism&mdash;just a little pain in my knee now and then, to make me remember what it was, and keep on flannel.}}
##* {{quote-journal|en|date=3 September 1951|journal=[[w:Time (magazine)|Time]]
|passage=In Houston, ten minutes after the Lindquist Finance Corp. was robbed '''of''' $447, Office Manager Howard Willson got a phone call from the thief who complained: "You didn't have enough money over there."}}
## {{n-g|Indicating removal, absence or separation, with resulting state indicated by an [[adjective]].}} {{defdate|from 10th c.}}
##: {{ux|en|He seemed devoid '''of''' human feelings.}}
##* {{quote-journal|en|date=August 28 1731|author=Jonathan Swift|journal=Letter
|passage=But schemes are perfectly accidental: some will appear barren '''of''' hints and matter, but prove to be fruitful {{...}}}}
##* {{quote-journal|en|date=October 31 2010|author=Stuart James|journal=w:The Guardian
|passage=Yet for long spells Villa looked laboured and devoid '''of''' ideas.}}
## {{lb|en|obsolete}} {{n-g|Indicating removal, absence or separation, construed with an [[intransitive verb]].}} {{defdate|14th|19th c.}}
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1822|author=Jacob Bailey Moore|title=New Hampshire|volume=1|page=5
|passage=He was kindly treated by the people at Saco, and recovered '''of''' his wounds.}}
# {{non-gloss|Expressing origin.}}
## {{n-g|Indicating an [[ancestral]] source or origin of [[descent]].}} {{defdate|from 9th c.}}
##: {{ux|en|The word is believed to be '''of''' Japanese origin.}}
##* {{RQ:Tyndale NT|Acts|II|passage=They wondred all, and marveylled sayinge amonge themselves: Loke, are not all these which speake '''off''' galile? And howe heare we every man his awne tongue wherein we were boren?}}
##* {{quote-journal|en|year=1954|journal=The Rotarian|section=volume 85:6
|passage=My father was born '''of''' a family of weavers in Manchester, England.}}
##* {{quote-text|en|year=2010|chapter=The Cost of Repair|title=The Economist
|passage=Nothing may come '''of''' these ideas, yet their potential should not be dismissed.}}
## {{n-g|Introducing an [[epithet]] that indicates a [[birthplace]], [[residence]], [[dominion]], or other place associated with the individual.}}
##: {{ux|en|[[Jesus]] '''of''' Nazareth (after hometown)}}
##: {{ux|en|[[w:Anselm of Canterbury|Anselm '''of''' Canterbury]] (after diocese)}}
##: {{ux|en|Anselm '''of''' Aosta (after birthplace)}}
##: {{ux|en|Anselm of Bec (after monastery)}}
##: {{ux|en|[[w:Pedro II of Brazil|Pedro II '''of''' Brazil]] (after dominion)}}
##: {{ux|en|Mrs Miggins '''of''' Gasworks Road, Mudchester (after place of residence)}}
## {{n-g|Indicating a (non-physical) [[source]] of action or emotion; introducing a [[cause]], [[instigation]]}}; [[from]], out of, as an expression of. {{defdate|from 9th c.}}
##: {{ux|en|The invention was born '''of''' necessity.}}
##* {{RQ:Mlry MrtDrthr|12.19|2|X|xix|passage=Faire knyght said Palomydes me semeth we haue assayed eyther other passyng sore / and yf hit may please the / I requyre the '''of''' thy knyghthode telle me thy name / Sir said the knyȝt to Palomydes / that is me loth to doo / for thou hast done me wronge.|translation=Fair knight, said Palamedes, seems to me we have assayed, either other passing sore / and if it may please thee / I request thee, '''of''' thy knighthood, tell me thy name / Sir, said the knight to Palamedes, / I am loath to do that / for thou hast done me wrong.}}
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1803|author=John Smalley|title=Sermons
|passage=Undoubtedly it is to be understood, that inflicting deserved punishment on all evil doers, '''of''' right, belongs to God.}}
##* {{quote-journal|en|date=December 3 2008|author=Rowenna Davis|journal=w:The Guardian
|passage=The woman who danced for me said she was there '''of''' her own free will, but when I pushed a bit further, I discovered that she "owed a man a lot of money", and had to pay it back quickly.}}
## {{lb|en|following an intransitive verb}} {{n-g|Indicates the source or [[cause]] of the verb.}} {{defdate|from 10th c.}}
##: {{ux|en|It is said that she died '''of''' a broken heart.}}
##* {{quote-text|en|year=2006|author=Joyce Carol Oates|title=The Female of the Species
|passage=He smelled '''of''' beer and cigarette smoke and his own body.}}
##* {{quote-journal|en|date=October 5 2010|author=Rebecca Omonira-Oyekanmi|journal=w:The Guardian
|passage=Two men, one from Somalia and one from Zimbabwe, died '''of''' terminal illnesses shortly after their incarceration ended.}}
## {{lb|en|following an adjective}} {{n-g|Indicates the subject or cause of the adjective.}} {{defdate|from 13th c.}}
##: {{ux|en|I am tired '''of''' all this nonsense.}}
##* {{quote-journal|en|date=September 23 2010|author=Bagehot|journal=The Economist
|passage=Lib Dems were appalled by Mr Boles’s offer, however kindly meant: the party is so frightened '''of''' losing its independence under Mr Clegg that such a pact would “kill” him, says a senior member.}}
##* {{quote-text|en|year=2015|author=Vincent J. M. DiMaio|title=Gunshot Wounds
|passage=Thus, one finds individuals dead '''of''' a gunshot wound with potentially lethal levels of drugs.}}
# {{non-gloss|Expressing agency.}}
## {{lb|en|following a [[passive]] verb}} {{n-g|Indicates the [[agent]] (for most verbs, now usually expressed with {{m|en|by}}).}} {{defdate|from 9th c.}}
##: {{ux|en|I am not particularly enamoured '''of''' this idea.}}
##* {{RQ:Tyndale NT|Acts|IX|passage=After a good while, the iewes toke cousell amonge themselves to kyll him. But their layinges awayte wer knowen '''of''' Saul.}}
##* {{RQ:Montaigne Florio Essayes|book=II|chapter=I|passage=[S]he might appeare to be the lively patterne of another Lucrece, yet know I certainly that, both before that time and afterward, she had beene enjoyed '''of''' others upon easier composition.}}
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1995|publisher=The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints|url=http://lds.org/ldsorg/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=e1fa5f74db46c010VgnVCM1000004d82620aRCRD&locale=0&sourceId=1aba862384d20110VgnVCM100000176f620a____&hideNav=1etcontentLocale=0|title=The Family: A Proclamation to the World
|passage=The family is ordained '''of''' God.}}
##* {{quote-journal|en|date=March 27 2008|title=Selling rhythm to the world|journal=The Economist
|passage=Colombia and Venezuela share an elegantly restrained style, with much back-stepping, smaller hand-movements and little use of the elaborate, arm-tangling moves beloved '''of''' Cuban dancers.}}
## {{n-g|Used to introduce the "{{w|subjective genitive}}"; following a noun to form the head of a [[postmodifying]] [[noun phrase]]}} ''(see also 'Possession' senses below)''. {{defdate|from 13th c.}}
##: {{ux|en|The contract can be terminated at any time with the agreement '''of''' both parties.}}
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1994|author=Paul Coates|title=Film at the Intersection of High and Mass Culture|page=136
|passage=In ''Blood and Sand'', meanwhile, Valentino repeatedly solicits the attention '''of''' women who have turned away from him.}}
##* {{quote-journal|en|date=December 28 2009|title=Head to head|journal=The Economist
|passage=Somehow Croatia has escaped the opprobrium '''of''' the likes of the German Christian Democrats and others that are against any rapid enlargement of the European Union to the include rest of the western Balkans.}}
## {{lb|en|following an adjective}} {{n-g|Used to indicate the agent of something described by the adjective.}} {{defdate|from 16th c.}}
##: {{ux|en|It was very brave '''of''' you to speak out like that.}}
##* {{RQ:Austen Emma|passage=When this was over, Mr. Woodhouse gratefully observed,—"It is very kind '''of''' you, Mr. Knightley, to come out at this late hour to call upon us."}}
##* {{quote-journal|en|date=January 10 2007|author=Dorian Lynskey|journal=w:The Guardian
|passage=Morrissey's spokesperson says he is considering the offer. It would perhaps be rude '''of''' him to decline.}}
# {{non-gloss|Expressing composition, substance.}}
## {{lb|en|after a verb expressing construction, making etc.}} {{n-g|Used to indicate the [[material]] or [[substance]] used.}} {{defdate|from 9th c.}}
##: {{ux|en|Many 'corks' are now actually made '''of''' plastic.}}
##* {{RQ:Melville Typee|passage=The mallet is made '''of''' a hard heavy wood resembling ebony, is about twelve inches in length, and perhaps two in breadth, with a rounded handle at one end {{...}}}}
## {{lb|en|directly following a noun}} {{n-g|Used to indicate the material of the just-mentioned object.}} {{defdate|from 10th c.}}
##: {{ux|en|She wore a dress '''of''' silk.}}
##* {{quote-journal|en|date=January 23 2010|author=Simon Mawer|journal=w:The Guardian
|passage=Perhaps symbolically, Van Doesburg was building a house '''of''' straw: he died within a few months of completion, not in Meudon but in Davos, of a heart attack following a bout of asthma.}}
##* {{quote-book|en|url=https://archive.org/details/taiwan0000kell/|title = Taiwan|edition=9th|publisher=w:Lonely Planet|author = Robert Kelly; Chung Wah Chow|year = 2014|ISBN=978-1-74220-135-1|OCLC=951274659|location = |page=253|pageurl = https://archive.org/details/taiwan0000kell/page/253/|text=It's 25km '''of''' rolling pitch from the start of the 175 to Nansi. If you want to continue riding through more undeveloped natural landscape, head up the east side of Tsengwen Reservoir.}}
## {{n-g|Indicating the composition of a given [[collective]] or [[quantitative]] noun.}} {{defdate|from 12th c.}}
##: {{ux|en|What a lot '''of''' nonsense!}}
##* {{RQ:Thackeray Barry Lyndon|passage=His papers at this period contain a mass '''of''' very unedifying and uninteresting documents {{...}}.}}
##* {{quote-journal|en|date=October 31 2010|author=Polly Vernon|journal=w:The Guardian
|passage=I'd expected to be confronted by oodles '''of''' barely suppressed tension and leather-clad, pouty-mouthed, large-haired sexiness; the visual shorthand of rock gods in general, and Jon Bon Jovi in particular.}}
## {{n-g|Used to link a given [[class]] of things with a specific example of that class.}} {{defdate|from 12th c.}}
##: {{ux|en|Welcome to the historic town '''of''' Harwich.}}
##* {{RQ:Defoe Robinson Crusoe|passage=This having the rainy month '''of''' March and April to water it, sprung up very pleasantly, and yielded a very good crop {{...}}.}}
##* {{quote-journal|en|date=October 30 2010|author=Maya Jaggi|journal=w:The Guardian
|passage=In his studio in the Behlendorf woods, near the Baltic city '''of''' Lübeck, Günter Grass reflects on the outcry over his fictive memoir ''Peeling the Onion''.}}
## {{n-g|Links two nouns in near-[[apposition]], with the first qualifying the second}}; "which is also". {{defdate|from 14th c.}}
##: {{ux|en|I'm not driving this wreck '''of''' a car.}}
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1911|author=Katherine Mansfield|title=In a German Pension
|passage=As he swallowed the soup his heart warmed to this fool '''of''' a girl.}}
##* {{quote-journal|en|date=August 22 2010|author=Sean O'Hagan|journal=w:The Guardian
|passage="I'm having a bitch '''of''' a day," he says, after ordering a restorative pint of Guinness and flopping down in a seat by the front window.}}
# {{non-gloss|Introducing subject matter.}}
## {{n-g|Links an [[intransitive verb]], or a [[transitive verb]] and its subject (especially verbs to do with thinking, feeling, expressing etc.), with its subject-matter}}; [[concerning]], with regard to. {{defdate|from 10th c.}}
##: {{ux|en|I'm always thinking '''of''' you.}}
##* {{RQ:Austen Emma|passage=[H]e spoke '''of''' his uncle with warm regard, was fond of talking '''of''' him {{...}}}}
##* {{RQ:Eliot Middlemarch|volume=I|book=I|chapter=III|page=44|passage=You must not judge '''of''' Celia's feeling from mine. I think she likes these small pets.}}
##* {{quote-journal|en|date=October 19 2010|author=Rebecca Seal|journal=w:The Guardian
|passage=while producing ''Cook'', which includes more than 250 seasonal recipes by 80 different chefs, we washed up more than 500 times (oh, how I dreamed '''of''' dishwashers).}}
## {{lb|en|following a noun (now chiefly nouns of knowledge, communication etc.)}} {{n-g|Introduces its subject matter}}; [[about]], [[concerning]]. {{defdate|from 12th c.}}
##: {{ux|en|He told us the story '''of''' his journey to India.}}
##* {{quote-journal|en|date=October 21 2010|journal=The Economist
|passage=Recession and rising unemployment have put paid to most thoughts '''of''' further EU enlargement.}}
## {{lb|en|following an adjective}} {{n-g|Introduces its subject matter.}} {{defdate|from 15th c.}}
##: {{ux|en|This behaviour is typical '''of''' teenagers.}}
##* {{RQ:Melville Moby-Dick|passage=The same secludedness and isolation to which the schoolmaster whale betakes himself in his advancing years, is true '''of''' all aged Sperm Whales.}}
# {{non-gloss|Having {{w|partitive}} effect.}}
## {{lb|en|following a number or other [[quantitive]] word}} {{n-g|Introduces the whole for which is indicated only the specified [[part]] or segment}}; "from [[among]]". {{defdate|from 9th c.}}
##: {{ux|en|Most '''of''' these apples are rotten.}}
##* {{RQ:Mlry MrtDrthr|12.58|2|X|lviij|passage=But as for me said sire Gareth I medle not of their maters therfore there is none '''of''' them that loueth me / And for I vnderstande they be murtherers of good knyghtes I lefte theyre company<!--Prior quote:##*:I meddyll nat of their maters; and therefore there is none that lovyth me '''of''' them.-->|translation=But as for me, said Sir Gareth, I do not meddle their matters, therefore none '''of''' them loves me / And, since I understand they are murderers of good knights, I left their company.}}
##* {{RQ:Gibbon Roman Empire|volume=VI|passage=The dead bodies of the Koreish were despoiled and insulted; two '''of''' the most obnoxious prisoners were punished with death {{...}}}}
##* {{quote-journal|en|date=November 10 2010|author=Michael Wood|journal=w:The Guardian
|passage=Many '''of''' the civilisational achievements of Mesopotamia are the product of that symbiosis.}}
## {{lb|en|following a noun}} {{n-g|Indicates a given part.}} {{defdate|from 9th c.}}
##* {{quote-text|en|year=2005|author=Naomi Wolf|title=The Treehouse|page=58
|passage=everyone, even the ladies '''of''' the village, called the dish ''tzigayner shmeklekh'', or “gypsies' penises.”}}
##* {{quote-text|en|year=2006|author=Norman Mailer|title=The Big Empty
|passage=That, I think, is the buried core '''of''' the outrage people feel most generally.}}
## {{lb|en|now|archaic|literary|with preceding [[partitive]] word assumed, or as a [[predicate]] after ''to be''}} [[some|Some]], an [[amount]] of, one of. {{defdate|from 9th c.}}
##: {{ux|en|On the whole, they seem to be '''of''' the decent sort.}}
##* {{RQ:Tyndale NT|Matthew|XXV|passage=And the folysshe sayde to the wyse: geve us '''of''' youre oyle, for oure lampes goo out?}}
##* {{RQ:Keats Lamia|poem=Ode to a Nightingale|stanza=1|page=107|passage=My heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains / My sense, as though '''of''' hemlock I had drunk, {{...}}}}
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1846|author=James Fenimore Cooper|title=The Redskins
|passage=Dunning, however, is '''of''' the old school, and does not like new faces; so he will have no Irishman at his door {{...}}}}
## {{n-g|Links to a genitive noun or possessive pronoun, with partitive effect (though now often merged with possessive senses, below).}} {{defdate|from 13th c.}}
##: {{ux|en|He is a friend '''of''' mine.}}
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1893|author=Oscar Wilde|title=A Woman of No Importance|section=IV
|passage=He is just what I should have liked a son '''of''' mine to be.}}
##* {{quote-journal|en|date=August 27 2010|author=Michael Tomasky|journal=w:The Guardian
|passage=In its flattering way, the press tried to invest this habit '''of''' Bush's with the sense that it was indicative of a particularly sharp wit.}}
# {{senseid|en|possession}}{{non-gloss|Expressing possession.}}
## Belonging to, existing in, or taking place in a given [[location]], [[place]] or [[time]]. ''Compare "origin" senses, above. {{defdate|from 9th c.}}
##: {{ux|en|He was perhaps the most famous scientist '''of''' the twentieth century.}}
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1774|author=w:Edward Long|title=The History of Jamaica. Or, General Survey of the Antient and Modern State of that Island|section=volume 2, book 2, chapter 7, {{gbooks|xr0NAAAAQAAJ|5|of}}
|passage=The building was erected in two years, at the parochial expence, on the foundation of the former one, which was irreparably damaged by the hurricane '''of''' Auguſt, 1712.}}
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1908|author=E. F. Benson|title=The Blotting Book
|passage=Thus, as he dressed, the thoughts and the rage '''of''' yesterday began to stir and move in his mind again.}}
##* {{quote-journal|en|date=August 20 2003|author=Julian Borger|journal=w:The Guardian
|passage=Within ten seconds, the citizens '''of''' New York, Cleveland, Detroit and Toronto were being given first-hand experience of what it was like to live in the nineteenth century.}}
## Belonging to (a place) through having [[title]], [[ownership]] or [[control]] over it. {{defdate|from 9th c.}}
##: {{ux|en|The owner '''of''' the nightclub was arrested.}}
##* {{quote-journal|en|date=October 28 1977|journal=w:The Guardian
|passage=In a much-anticipated radio broadcast the Duke '''of''' Edinburgh said last night that Britain will be a grim place in the year 2000 {{...}}}}
##* {{quote-text|en|year=2001|title=Dictionary of National Biography|page=27
|passage=The third son, William John (1826-1902), was headmaster '''of''' the Boys' British School, Hitchin {{...}}}}
## Belonging to (someone or something) as something they [[possess]] or have as a characteristic; {{n-g|the "possessive genitive". (With abstract nouns, this intersects with the subjective genitive, above under "agency" senses.)}} {{defdate|from 13th c.}}
##: {{ux|en|Keep the handle '''of''' the saucepan away from the flames.}}
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1933|author=Havelock Ellis|title=Psychology of Sex|volume=4
|passage=The breasts '''of''' young girls sometimes become tender at puberty in sympathy with the evolution of the sexual organs {{...}}}}
##* {{quote-journal|en|date=October 29 2010|author=Marina Hyde|journal=w:The Guardian
|passage=It amounts to knocking on the door '''of''' No 10 then running away.}}
# {{non-gloss|Forming the "objective genitive".}}
## {{n-g|Follows an [[agent noun]], verbal noun or noun of action.}} {{defdate|from 12th c.}}
##: {{ux|en|She had a profound distrust '''of''' the police.}}
##* {{RQ:King James Version|Matthew|4|passage=And he saith unto them, Follow me, and I will make you fishers '''of''' men.}}
##* {{quote-text|en|year=2000|author=Sheila Ruth|title=Issues in Feminism
|passage=Antifeminism has been a credible cover and an effective vehicle because the hatred '''of''' women is not politically anathema on either the Right or the Left.}}
# {{non-gloss|Expressing qualities or characteristics.}}
## {{lb|en|archaic|or|literary}} {{n-g|Links an adjective with a noun or noun phrase to form a quasi-adverbial [[qualifier]]}}; [[in respect to]], [[as regards]]. {{defdate|from 13th c.}}
##: {{ux|en|My companion seemed affable and easy '''of''' manner.}}
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1917|author=Zane Gray|title=Wildfire|page=35
|passage=He was huge, raw-boned, knotty, long '''of''' body and long '''of''' leg, with the head of a war charger.}}
##* {{quote-journal|en|date=August 11 2004|author=Sean Ingle|journal=w:The Guardian
|passage=Still nimble '''of''' mind and fleet '''of''' foot, Morris buzzed here and there, linking well and getting stuck in at every opportunity.}}
## {{n-g|Indicates a [[quality]] or [[characteristic]]}}; "characterized by". {{defdate|from 13th c.}}
##: {{ux|en|Pooh was said to be a bear '''of''' very little brain.}}
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1891|author=Sir Arthur Conan Doyle|title=The Boscombe Valley Mystery
|passage=His frank acceptance of the situation marks him as either an innocent man, or else as a man '''of''' considerable self-restraint and firmness.}}
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1951|author=Jacob Bronowski|title=The Common Sense of Science
|passage=No other man has made so deep a mark on his time and on our world unless he has been a man '''of''' action, a Cromwell or a Napoleon.}}
## {{n-g|Indicates [[quantity]], [[age]], [[price]], etc.}} {{defdate|from 13th c.}}
##: {{ux|en|We have been paying interest at a rate '''of''' 10%.}}
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1903|author=Frank Norris|title=The Pit|page=4|publisher=Doubleday|year_published=1924
|passage=She was a tall young girl '''of''' about twenty-two or three, holding herself erect and with fine dignity.}}
##* {{quote-book|en|year=1996|year_published=2006|author=Raymond A. Serway; John W. Jewett|title=Principles of Physics|page=428
|passage=A police car, traveling southbound at a speed '''of''' 40.0 m/s, approaches with its siren producing sound at a frequency '''of''' 2 500 Hz.}}
## {{lb|en|US|informal|considered incorrect by some}} {{n-g|Used to link singular indefinite nouns (preceded by the indefinite article) and attributive adjectives modified by certain common adverbs of degree.}}
##: {{ux|en|It's not that big '''of''' a deal.}}
##* {{quote-journal|en|author=Mary Crain|title=The Social Construction of National Identity in Highland Ecuador|journal=Anthropological Quarterly|year=1990|volume=61|issue=1|page=43|pageurl=https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/3317959.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3Aee17baf6ad3c3b861518804753138ace
|passage=Such hegemonic projects often appropriate certain local traditions and re-inscribe them as "national," while dismissing other traditions which pose too great '''of''' a threat to the reproduction of the existing socio-political order.}}
##* {{quote-book|en|author=Lyle McDonald|year=1998|title=The Ketogenic Diet: A Complete Guide for the Dieter and Practitioner|page=98|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=JtCZBe-2XVIC&pg=PA98
|passage=For some individuals, even 1000 calories/day may be too great '''of''' a deficit.}}
##* {{quote-journal|en|author=Jean Reith Schroedel; Artour Aslanian|title=A Case Study of Descriptive Representation: The Experience of Native American Elected Officials in South Dakota|year=2017|journal=American Indian Quarterly|volume=41|issue=3|page=278|pageurl=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/667744/pdf
|passage=While it is quite obvious that the state continues to try and dilute the voting power of Native Americans, at least as big '''of''' a challenge is the need for mobilizing Native American voters.}}
# {{non-gloss|Expressing a point in time.}}
## {{lb|en|chiefly|regional}} [[during|During]] the course of (a set period of time, day of the week etc.), now specifically with implied repetition or regularity. {{defdate|from 9th c.}}
##: {{ux|en|'''Of''' an evening, we would often go for a stroll along the river.}}
##* {{RQ:Dickens Works|volume=XV|chapter=VI|chaptername=Picking Up Miss Kimmeens|page=242|passage=For, sometimes '''of''' an afternoon when Miss Pupford has been reading the paper through her little gold eye-glass{{nb...}}, she has become agitated, {{...}}}}
##* {{RQ:James Maisie|passage=If there was a type Ida despised, Sir Claude communicated to Maisie, it was the man who pottered about town '''of''' a Sunday {{...}}}}
## {{lb|en|UK|dialectal|chiefly in the negative}} [[for|For]] (a given length of time). {{defdate|from 13th c.}}
##: {{ux|en|I’ve not taken her out '''of''' a goodly long while.}}
## {{lb|en|after a noun}} {{n-g|Indicates [[duration]] of a state, activity etc.}} {{defdate|from 18th c.}}
##: {{ux|en|After a delay '''of''' three hours, the plane finally took off.}}
##* {{quote-journal|en|date=March 2 2011|author=Grant McCabe|journal=The Sun
|passage=The cab driver's claim he was sleepwalking during the attack has already been supported by his wife '''of''' 37 years.}}
## {{lb|en|chiefly|US}} [[before|Before]] (the hour); [[to]] (the hour). {{defdate|from 19th c.}}
##: {{ux|en|I’ll be ready at ten '''of''' two|t=I’ll be ready at 1:50}}
##: {{ux|en|What's the time? / Nearly a quarter '''of''' three.}}
##: {{ux|en|I'll be ready by five '''of''' noon.}}
##* {{quote-journal|en|date=June 17 1940|title=Little Bull Booed|journal=[[w:Time (magazine)|Time]]
|passage="Fellow Democrats," he began, "I left Washington at a quarter '''of''' two this morning {{...}}"}}
##* {{quote-text|en|year=1982|author=w:TC Boyle|title=Water Music|page=194|publisher=Penguin|year_published=2006
|passage=Quarter '''of''' seven. Fifteen minutes to go.}}
### {{lb|en|informal}} Often used without the hour
###: {{ux|en|I’ll be ready at ten '''of'''|t=I’ll be ready at 1:50, or 2:50, or whatever time ending in 50 makes most sense in context.}}
###*: {{quote-av|en|date=2022-05-16|writer=Ariel Levine|director=Giancarlo Esposito|actor=Lennie Loftin|role=Private Investigator|medium=TV series|title=Better Call Saul S6E6: Axe and Grind|time=09:20|passage=Wednesday was more of the same. Out at 08:30, got to the office by quarter '''of''', clients all day.}}

=====Usage notes=====
* {{sense|belonging to or associated with}} When applied to a person or persons, the possessive is generally used instead.
* {{sense|containing, comprising{{,}} or made from}} '''''Of''''' may be used directly with a verb or adjectival phrase.
* When modifying a noun, modern English increasingly uses [[noun adjunct]]s rather than '''''of'''''. Examples include ''[[part of speech]]'' (16th century) vs. ''[[word class]]'' (20th century), ''{{w|Federal Bureau of Investigation}}'' (1908) vs. ''{{w|Central Intelligence Agency}}'' (1947), and ''affairs of the world'' (18th century) vs. ''world affairs'' (20th century).
* The use of {{m|en|of}} to link nouns to attributive adjectives modified by certain adverbs is always optional; omitting {{m|en|of}} in such instances is always permissible and does not alter the meaning of the expression. Adverbs that may be used with this construction include {{m|en|too}}, {{m|en|so}}, {{m|en|how}}, {{m|en|as}}, {{m|en|more}}, {{m|en|less}}, {{m|en|this}}, and {{m|en|that}}.

=====Derived terms=====
* {{l|en|line-of-sight}}

=====Related terms=====
{{col4|en
|bill of goods
|by dint of
|by way of
|come of
|in excess of
|in respect of
|in terms of
|of a kind
|of a piece
|of a sudden
|of age
|of all
|of all people
|of an
|of biblical proportions
|of blessed memory
|of choice
|of color
|of colour
|of course
|of even date
|of importance
|of late
|of means
|of note
|of one's own accord
|of record
|of sorts
|of that ilk
|of the essence
|of the first water
|of the like
|of two minds
|out of
|point of view
|quarter of
|sort of
|time of day
|thereof
|tired of
|way of life
}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|containing, comprising or made from}}
* Arabic: {{t+|ar|مِنْ}}
* Armenian: {{qualifier|ablative case}}
* Belizean Creole: {{t|bzj|a}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|от}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|de}}
* Cherokee: {{t-needed|chr}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|的}}
* Cornish:
*: Kernewek Kemmyn: {{t|kw|a}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|z}}
* Danish: {{t-needed|da}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|van}},
* Esperanto: {{t+|eo|de}}, {{t+|eo|da}}, {{t+|eo|el}} (''a glass of water'' = ''glaso da akvo'')
* Estonian: ''elative case''
* Faroese: {{t-needed|fo}}
* Finnish: ''partitive or elative case''
* French: {{t+|fr|de}}
* Friulian: {{t|fur|di}}
* German: {{t+|de|aus}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|από}}
*: Ancient: {{t-needed|grc}}
* Hungarian: {{t-needed|hu}}
* Ido: {{t+|io|de}}, {{t+|io|ek}}
* Igbo: {{t-needed|ig}}
* Indonesian: {{t-needed|id}}
* Interlingua: {{t+|ia|de}} (''a glass of water'' = ''un vitro de aqua'')
* Irish: {{t|ga|de}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|di}}
* Japanese: {{t|ja|[[の]][[中]][[の]]|tr=no naka no}}, {{t+|ja|の|tr=no}}
* Kapampangan: {{t|pam|king}}, {{t|pam|ning}}
* Kazakh: {{qualifier|ablative case}}
* Khmer: {{t+|km|នៃ|tr=ney|sc=Khmr}}
* Ladin: {{t|lld|de}}
* Ladino: {{t-needed|lad}}
* Latin: {{t+|la|ex}}, {{t+|la|dē}}
* Maltese: {{t|mt|ta'}}
* Mirandese: {{t|mwl|de}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t+|nb|av}}; {{t+|nb|med}} (''a glass of water'' = ''et glass (med) vann'')
*: Nynorsk: {{t|nn|av}}; {{t|nn|med}} (''a glass of water'' = ''eit glas (med) vatn'')
* Occitan: {{t+|oc|de}}
* Pashto: {{t+|ps|د|tr=də|sc=ps-Arab}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|z}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|de}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|de}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|из}} {{qualifier|+ genitive case}}
* Scots: {{t|sco|o}}
* Slovak: {{t+|sk|z}}
* Slovene: {{t-needed|sl}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|de}}
* Swahili: {{t+|sw|a|alt=-a}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|av}}
* Tatar: {{qualifier|ablative case}}
* Tok Pisin: {{t+|tpi|bilong}}
* Ukrainian: {{t+|uk|з}}
* Venetan: {{t+|vec|de}}
* Veps: {{t-needed|vep}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|bằng}}
* Volapük: {{t+|vo|de}}
* Võro: {{t-needed|vro}}
* Votic: ''partitive or elative case''
* Yiddish: {{t|yi|פֿון}}
* Zazaki: {{t+|zza|ya}}, {{t|zza|yê}}
* Zulu: ''use possessive concord''
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|possessive genitive: belonging to}}
* Afrikaans: {{t+|af|van}}
* Albanian: {{t-needed|sq}}
* Arabic: ''genitive construction ({{t|ar|إِضَافَة}}) is used – i.e. the thing owned is followed by the owner in the genitive case'', {{t+|ar|ل|tr=li-}}, {{t|ar|لدى|tr=ladā}}
*: Chadian Arabic: {{t|shu|هنا|tr=hana}}
*: Egyptian Arabic: {{t|arz|بتاع|tr=bitāʕ}}
*: Gulf Arabic: {{t+|ar|مال|tr=mal}}
*: Moroccan Arabic: {{t|arz|ديال|tr=dyāl}}
*: North Levantine Arabic: {{t|apc|تبع|tr=tabaʕ}}, {{t|apc|تاع|tr=tāʕ}}
*: South Levantine Arabic: {{t|ajp|تبع|tr=tabaʕ}}, {{t|ajp|تاع|tr=tāʕ}}
*: Tunisian Arabic: {{t|ar|مْتاع|tr=mtēʕ}}
* Aramaic: {{t|arc|דְּ|tr=də|sc=Hebr}}
* Armenian: {{qualifier|dative case}}
* Assamese: {{t|as|-ৰ|alt=...ৰ|tr=...r}}
* Basque: {{t-needed|eu}}
* Bislama: {{t|bi|blong}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|на}}
* Burmese: {{t+|my|ရဲ့}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|de}}
* Cebuano: {{t|ceb|sa}}
* Chinese:
*: Cantonese: ...{{t+|yue|嘅|tr=...ge3}}, {{t|yue|個|tr=go3}}
*: Dungan: {{t|dng|ди}}
*: Eastern Min: {{t|cdo|其|alt=...其|tr=...gì}}
*: Gan: {{t-needed|gan}}
*: Hakka: {{t-needed|hak}}
*: Hokkien: {{t+|nan-hbl|個|alt=...個|tr=ê}}
*: Literary Chinese: {{t|lzh|之|tr=zhī}}
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|的|alt=...的|tr=...de}}, {{t+|cmn|之|alt=...之|tr=...zhī}} (''in classical Chinese and in set expressions'')
* Cornish:
*: Kernewek Kemmyn: ''possessive construction'' (''a son of a teacher'' = ''mab dyskador''; ''the son of a/the teacher'' = ''mab an dyskador''; ''a/the son of the teacher'' = ''mab an dyskador'')
* Czech: {{t+|cs|z}}, {{t+|cs|ze}}
* Danish: {{t+|da|af}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|van}} (''the car of Peter'' = ''de auto van Peter'')
* Egyptian: {{t-egy|nj|h=n}}
* Esperanto: {{t+|eo|de}}
* Estonian: ''genitive case''
* Faroese: {{t-needed|fo}}
* Finnish: ''genitive case''
* French: {{t+|fr|de}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|de}}
* German: ''genitive case'', {{t+|de|von}}
* Greek: ''genitive case''
*: Ancient: {{t-needed|grc}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|שֶׁל|tr=shel}}
* Higaonon: {{t|mba|sa}}
* Hindi: {{t+|hi|का|alt=... का|sc=Deva}} ''(see inflection)'', {{t|hi|-ए-}}
* Hungarian:
** [[-ja]]/[[-je]] (attached to property instead of owner, e.g. ''Péter autója'')
** [[-nak]]/[[-nek]] ([[dative]]) (used together with [[-ja]]/[[-je]], e.g. ''Péternek [[az]] autója'')
* Icelandic: {{t-needed|is}}
* Ido: {{t+|io|di}}
* Igbo: {{t-needed|ig}}
* Indonesian: {{t-needed|id}}
* Interlingua: {{t+|ia|de}}
* Irish: ''genitive case''
* Italian: {{t+|it|di}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|の|alt=...の|tr=...no}}
* Kapampangan: {{t|pam|naning}}, {{t|pam|nang}}, {{t|pam|ning}}, {{t|pam|a}}, {{t|pam|dareng}}, {{t|pam|dang}}
* Khmer: {{t+|km|នៃ|tr=ney|sc=Khmr}}, {{t+|km|របស់|tr=raboh|sc=Khmr}}
* Kongo: {{t|kg|ya}}
* Korean: {{t|ko|-의|alt=...의}}
* Ladin: {{t-needed|lld}}
* Ladino: {{t|lad|de}}
* Lao: {{t+|lo|ຂອງ}}
* Latin: ''genitive case'', {{q|early medieval}} {{t+|la|dē}}
* Lingala: {{t|ln|ya}}
* Lithuanian: ''genitive case''
* Lü: {{t-needed|khb}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|на}}
* Maltese: {{t|mt|ta'}}, {{t|mt|tal-}}, {{t|mt|taċ-}}, {{t|mt|tad-}}, {{t|mt|tan-}}, {{t|mt|tar-}}, {{t|mt|tas-}}, {{t|mt|tat-}}, {{t|mt|tax-}}, {{t|mt|taz-}}, {{t|mt|taż-}}
* Manchu: {{t|mnc|ᡳ}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|o}}, {{t|mi|a}}
* Mirandese: {{t|mwl|de}}
* Mongolian: {{t-needed|mn}}
* Mpade: {{t|mpi|sɨ}} ''(m.)'', {{t|mpi|ɨl}} ''(f.)'', {{t|mpi|i}} ''(pl.)''
* Neapolitan: {{t|nap|'e}}
* Northern Thai: {{t-needed|nod}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t+|nb|av}}, {{t+|nb|til}}, {{t+|nb|-s}}
*: Nynorsk: {{t|nn|av}}, {{t|nn|til}}, {{t|nn|-s}}
* Occitan: {{t+|oc|de}}
* Pashto: {{t+|ps|د|tr=də|sc=ps-Arab}}
* Persian: ''[[w:ezafeh|ezafe]] ({{l|fa|اضافه|tr=ezâfe}}) is used, a Persian grammatical construct''
* Polish: {{qualifier|[[genitive case]]}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|de}}
* Rapa Nui: {{t|rap|o}}, {{t|rap|a}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|de}}
* Romansch: {{t|rm|da}}, {{t|rm|dad}} {{qualifier|before vowel}}
* Russian: {{qualifier|[[genitive case]]}}, ''possessive adjectives''; {{t+|ru|-ов|m}}, {{t+|ru|-ев|m}}, {{t+|ru|-ёв|m}}, {{t+|ru|-ин|m}}, {{t+|ru|-ын|m}}
* Scots: {{t|sco|o}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|de}}
* Serbo-Croatian: {{t+|sh|od}}
* Shan: {{t-needed|shn}}
* Slovak: {{qualifier|[[genitive case]]}}, ''possessive adjectives''; {{t|sk|-ov|m}}, {{t|sk|-in|m}}
* Slovene: {{t|sl|z dne}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|de}}
* Swahili: {{t+|sw|a|alt=-a}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|-s}} ''(genitive case)'', {{t+|sv|av}}
* Sylheti: {{t|syl|ꠞ|alt=...ꠞ|tr=...r}}
* Tagalog: {{t+|tl|ng}}
* Tamil: {{t-needed|ta}}
* Thai: {{t+|th|ของ}}
* Tibetan: {{t|bo|གི}}
* Tok Pisin: {{t+|tpi|bilong}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|-in}}, {{t+|tr|-ın}}, {{t+|tr|-ün}}, {{t+|tr|-un}}
* Urdu: {{t|ur|کا|alt=... کا|tr=... kā}} ''(see inflection)'', ''izāfa ({{l|ur|اِضافَہ}})''
* Venetan: {{t+|vec|de}}
* Veps: {{t-needed|vep}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|của}}
* Volapük: {{t-needed|vo}}
* Võro: {{t-needed|vro}}
* Votic: ''genitive case''
* West Frisian: {{t+|fy|fan}}
* Yiddish: {{t|yi|פֿון}}
* Zazaki: {{t|zza|yê}}
* Zhuang: {{t-needed|za}}
* Zulu: ''use possessive concord''
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|introducing topic or subject matter}}
* Albanian: {{t-needed|sq}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|մասին}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|за}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|de}}
* Czech: {{t-needed|cs}}
* Danish: {{t-needed|da}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|over}}, {{t+|nl|aan}} (''Ik denk aan jou'' = ''I am thinking of you''), {{t+|nl|van}}
* Esperanto: {{t+|eo|pri}}
* Estonian: {{t-needed|et}}
* Faroese: {{t-needed|fo}}
* Finnish: ''elative case''
* French: {{t+|fr|de}}, {{t+|fr|quant à}}
* German: {{t+|de|von}}, {{t+|de|über}}
* Greek: ''verb + usually accusative case''
*: Ancient: {{t-needed|grc}}
* Hungarian: {{t-needed|hu}}
* Icelandic: {{t-needed|is}}
* Ido: {{t+|io|pri}}
* Igbo: {{t-needed|ig}}
* Indonesian: {{t-needed|id}}
* Irish: ''varies depending on construction''
* Italian: {{t+|it|di}}
* Kazakh: {{t+|kk|туралы}}, {{t|kk|жөнінде}}
* Ladin: {{t-needed|lld}}
* Ladino: {{t-needed|lad}}
* Latin: {{t+|la|dē}}
* Latvian: {{t-needed|lv}}
* Lithuanian: {{t-needed|lt}}
* Maltese: {{t-needed|mt}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t-needed|nb}}
*: Nynorsk: {{t-needed|nn}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|o}}, {{t+|pl|na temat}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|de}}, {{t+|pt|sobre}}, {{t+|pt|em}}, {{t+|pt|a respeito de}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|о}}, {{t+|ru|об}}, {{t+|ru|про}}, {{t+|ru|насчёт}}
* Slovak: {{t-needed|sk}}
* Slovene: {{t-needed|sl}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|de}}, {{t+|es|en cuanto a}}, {{t+|es|acerca de}}
* Swahili: {{t-needed|sw}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|på}}, {{t+|sv|om}}
* Tatar: {{t|tt|турында}}, {{t|tt|хакында}} {{attention|tt}}
* Ukrainian: {{t+|uk|про}}
* Venetan: {{t+|vec|de}}
* Veps: {{t-needed|vep}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|về}}
* Volapük: {{t+|vo|dö}}
* Võro: {{t-needed|vro}}
* Votic: {{t-needed|vot}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|connecting numeral or quantifier with quantified}}
* Albanian: {{t-needed|sq}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|de}}
* Cornish:
*: Kernewek Kemmyn: [[a]]
* Czech: {{t-needed|cs}}
* Danish: {{t-needed|da}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|van}}
* Esperanto: {{t+|eo|de}}, {{t+|eo|el}}
* Estonian: {{t-needed|et}}
* Faroese: {{t-needed|fo}}
* Finnish: ''genitive or partitive case''
* French: {{t+|fr|de}}
* German: {{t+|de|der}}
* Greek: ''genitive case''
*: Ancient: {{t-needed|grc}}
* Hebrew: {{t|he|מ־|tr=mi-}} ''(cannot be used for 'a height of...')''
* Hungarian: {{t-needed|hu}}
* Igbo: {{t-needed|ig}}
* Indonesian: {{t-needed|id}}
* Interlingua: {{t+|ia|de}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|de}}
* Italian: {{t-needed|it}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|の|alt=...の|tr=...no}}
* Korean: {{t|ko|-의|alt=...의}}
* Ladin: {{t-needed|lld}}
* Ladino: {{t-needed|lad}}
* Latin: {{t+|la|ex}}, {{t+|la|dē}}
* Maltese: {{t-needed|mt}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t+|nb|av}}
*: Nynorsk: {{t|nn|av}}
* Pashto: {{t+|ps|د|tr=də|sc=ps-Arab}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|z}}
* Portuguese: [[de]] ''(not used with quantifiers like [[todo]], [[nem todo]], [[para todo]])''
* Russian: {{t+|ru|из}} {{qualifier|+ genitive case}}
* Scots: {{t|sco|o}}
* Slovak: {{t-needed|sk}}
* Slovene: {{t-needed|sl}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|de}}
* Swahili: {{t-needed|sw}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|-s}} ''(genitive case)'', {{t+|sv|av}} ''(extremely rare)''
* Tok Pisin: {{t|tpi|pela}}
* Ukrainian: {{t+|uk|з}}
* Veps: {{t-needed|vep}}
* Volapük: {{t-needed|vo}}
* Võro: {{t-needed|vro}}
* Votic: ''partitive case''
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|subjective genitive: connecting action noun with subject}}
* Arabic: ''genitive construction is used - the verbal noun is followed by the subject in the genitive case''
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: ...{{t+|cmn|的|tr=...de}}
* Finnish: ''genitive case''
* French: {{t+|fr|de}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|de}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|objective genitive: connecting action noun with object}}
* Afrikaans: {{t+|af|van}}
* Albanian: {{t-needed|sq}}
* Arabic: ''genitive construction used - a verbal noun is modified by the object in the genitive''
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|de}}
* Cimbrian: {{t|cim|vo}}
* Czech: {{t-needed|cs}}
* Danish: {{t-needed|da}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|van}}
* Egyptian: {{t-egy|n|h=n}}
* Esperanto: {{t+|eo|de}}
* Estonian: {{t-needed|et}}
* Faroese: {{t-needed|fo}}
* Finnish: ''genitive case''
* French: {{t+|fr|de}}
* German: {{t+|de|von}}
* Greek: ''genitive case''
*: Ancient: {{t-needed|grc}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|שֶׁל|tr=shel}}
* Hungarian: {{t-needed|hu}}
* Ido: {{t+|io|di}}
* Igbo: {{t-needed|ig}}
* Indonesian: {{t-needed|id}}
* Interlingua: {{t+|ia|de}}, {{t+|ia|a}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|di}}, {{t+|it|per}}, {{t+|it|verso}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|の|alt=...の|tr=...no}}
* Kapampangan: {{t|pam|ning}}, {{t|pam|a}}
* Korean: {{t|ko|-의|alt=...의}}
* Ladin: {{t-needed|lld}}
* Ladino: {{t-needed|lad}}
* Latin: ''a verbal noun is modified by the object in the genitive case''
* Maltese: {{t-needed|mt}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t+|nb|av}}
*: Nynorsk: {{t|nn|av}}
* Polish: {{qualifier|[[genitive case]]}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|de}}
* Russian: {{t-needed|ru}}
* Slovak: {{t-needed|sk}}
* Slovene: {{t-needed|sl}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|de}}
* Swahili: {{t-needed|sw}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|-s}} ''(genitive case)'', {{t+|sv|av}} ''(extremely rare)'', {{t+|sv|av}}
* Tok Pisin: {{t+|tpi|bilong}}
* Veps: {{t-needed|vep}}
* Volapük: {{t-needed|vo}}
* Võro: {{t-needed|vro}}
* Votic: ''genitive case''
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|introducing an epithet}}
* Afrikaans: {{t+|af|van}}
* Aklanon: {{t|akl|it}}
* Albanian: {{t+|sq|i}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|de}}
* Cebuano: {{t|ceb|sa}}
* Central Franconian: {{t|gmw-cfr|von}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|z}}
* Danish: {{t+|da|af}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|van}}
* Esperanto: {{t+|eo|de}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|-lainen}} {{q|applied to place name, in all cases but dominion; for dominions, place dominion before name in genitive case}}
* French: {{t+|fr|de}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|de}}
* German: {{t+|de|von}}
* Hiligaynon: {{t|hil|sang}}
* Ido: {{t+|io|de}}
* Ilocano: {{t|ilo|ti}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|dari}}
* Irish: {{t+|ga|an}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|di}}
* Javanese: {{t|jv|saka}}
* Kapampangan: {{t|pam|naning}}
* Kashubian: {{t|csb|z}}
* Latin: ''an adjectival form of the epithet is often used, typically derived with {{l|la|-ēnsis}} or {{l|la|-ānus}}, alternatively the epithet is in the genitive case''
* Luxembourgish: {{t+|lb|vun}}
* Malay: {{t+|ms|dari}}
* Norwegian: {{t+|no|av}}
* Occitan: {{t+|oc|de}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|z}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|de}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|de}}
* Sardinian: {{t|sc|de}}
* Slovak: {{t+|sk|z}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|de}}
* Swahili: {{t|sw|wa}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|av}}
* Tagalog: {{t+|tl|ng}}
* Thai: {{t+|th|แห่ง}}
* Venetan: {{t+|vec|de}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|nước}} {{qualifier|before a country}}, {{t+|vi|thành}} {{qualifier|before a city}}, {{t+|vi|xứ}} {{qualifier|before a region or other place}}, {{t+|vi|của}} {{qualifier|rare}}
* Walloon: {{t+|wa|di}}
* Waray-Waray: {{t|war|han}}
* Welsh: {{t|cy|o}}
* West Frisian: {{t+|fy|fan}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|linking class with example of class}}
* Albanian: {{t-needed|sq}}
* Czech: {{t-needed|cs}}
* Danish: {{t-needed|da}}
* Dutch: Noun compound through infixes: {{t+|nl|-s-}}{{t+|nl|-e-}}{{t+|nl|-en-}}
* Esperanto: {{t+|eo|de}} or with a construction using the adjectival suffix {{t+|eo|-a}}
* Estonian: ''genitive case''
* Faroese: {{t-needed|fo}}
* Finnish: ''genitive case''
* French: {{t+|fr|de}}
* Greek:''genitive case''
*: Ancient: {{t-needed|grc}}
* Hungarian: {{t-needed|hu}}
* Ido: {{t+|io|di}}
* Igbo: {{t-needed|ig}}
* Indonesian: {{t-needed|id}}
* Interlingua: {{t+|ia|de}}
* Irish: ''not expressed''
* Italian: {{t+|it|di}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|の|alt=...の|tr=...no}}
* Kazakh: genitive case or nominative + -(с)ы/(с)і izafet {{attention|kk}}
* Khmer: {{t+|km|នៃ|tr=ney|sc=Khmr}}
* Korean: {{t|ko|-의|alt=...의}}
* Ladin: {{t-needed|lld}}
* Ladino: {{t-needed|lad}}
* Latin: ''in classical Latin, apposition with the same case is used; in medieval Latin, the example of a class can be used in the genitive modifying the class''
* Latvian: {{t-needed|lv}}
* Lithuanian: {{t-needed|lt}}
* Maltese: {{t-needed|mt}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t-needed|nb}}
*: Nynorsk: {{t-needed|nn}}
* Pashto: {{t+|ps|د|tr=də|sc=ps-Arab}}
* Polish: {{qualifier|[[nominative case]]}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|de}}
* Russian: {{qualifier|[[nominative case]]}}
* Slovak: {{t+|sk|z}}
* Slovene: {{t-needed|sl}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|de}}
* Swahili: {{t-needed|sw}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|på}}
* Tatar: genitive case or nominative + -(с)ы/(с)і izafet {{attention|tt}}
* Tok Pisin: {{t+|tpi|bilong}}
* Veps: {{t-needed|vep}}
* Volapük: {{t-needed|vo}}
* Võro: {{t-needed|vro}}
* Votic: ''genitive case''
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|indicative of age}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|的|tr=de}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|van}}
* Esperanto: {{t+|eo|de}}
* Estonian: {{t+|et|-aastane}}, {{t|et|-kuune}}, {{t|et|-nädalane}}, {{t|et|-päevane}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|-vuotias}}, {{t|fi|-kuinen}}, {{t+|fi|-viikkoinen}}, {{t|fi|-päiväinen}}
* French: {{t+|fr|de}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|בן|tr=ben}}
* Interlingua: {{t+|ia|de}}
* Japanese: [[歳]][[の]] (sai no)
* Latin: {{t+|la|nātus}}
* Pashto: {{t+|ps|د|tr=də|sc=ps-Arab}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|de}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|de}}
* Venetan: {{t+|vec|de}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|có}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|(''to tell the time'') before, to, e.g. a quarter of three (2:45)}}
* Danish: {{t+|da|i}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|voor}}
* Esperanto: {{t+|eo|antaŭ}}
* Estonian: {{t+|et|enne}}, {{t|et|-st puudu}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|vaille}}
* French: {{t+|fr|moins}}
* German: {{t+|de|vor}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|παρά}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|ל־|tr=l'-}}
* Interlingua: {{t+|ia|ante}}
* Japanese: {{t|ja|[[の]][[前]]|tr=no mae}}
* Kapampangan: {{t|pam|a}}
* Kazakh: {{t|kk|alt=-ға/ге <ширек, он минут ж.б.с.> қалды/бар}} {{attention|kk}}
* Khmer: {{t+|km|ដល់|tr=dɑl|sc=Khmr}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|전}}
* Mirandese: {{t-needed|mwl}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|para}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|menos}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|i}}
* Tatar: {{t|tt|alt=туларга <(унбиш минут һ.б.ш.)>}} {{attention|tt}}
* Ukrainian: {{t+|uk|до}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{checktrans-top}}
* Afrikaans: {{t+check|af|van}}
* Albanian: {{t+check|sq|i}}
* Belarusian: {{t-check|be|з}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+check|bg|на}}
* Indonesian: {{t+check|id|dari}}
* Kuna: {{t-check|cuk|gadi}}
* Lao: {{t+check|lo|ຂອງ}}
* Norman: {{t-check|nrf|dé}}
* Romanian: {{t+check|ro|al}} ''m sg'', [[a]] ''f sg'', [[ale]] {{g|f}} {{g|p}}, [[ai]] {{g|m}} {{g|p}} (1), [[de]] (2)
* West Frisian: {{t+check|fy|fan}}
{{trans-bottom}}

====See also====
* {{l|en|-'s}}

===Etymology 2===
A spelling of {{IPAchar|/əv/}} influenced by Etymology 1.

====Verb====
{{head|en|verb}}

# {{lb|en|usually in modal perfect constructions}} {{eye dialect of|en|have|nodot=1}} or '''{{l|en|’ve}}''', ''chiefly in depictions of colloquial speech''.
#* '''1846''', Linus Wilson Miller, [https://books.google.com/books?id=J4FKAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA367 ''Notes of an Exile to Van Dieman's Land''] (McKinstry: Fredonia, NY) p. 367
#*: I have refrained from giving many details which I might '''of''' done, from feelings of delicacy; indeed, they were of so dark and dreadful a nature, that I could do no more than hint at them
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1926|author=w:F. Scott Fitzgerald|title=The Great Gatsby|page=33|publisher=Penguin|year_published=2000
|passage="I had a woman up here last week to look at my feet, and when she have been the bill you'd '''of''' thought she had my appendicitus out."}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1943|author=w:Raymond Chandler|title=The High Window|page=87|publisher=Penguin|year_published=2005
|passage=‘You must '''of''' left your door unlocked. Or even open.’}}
#* {{RQ:Stephenson Snow Crash|page=340|passage="You couldn't '''of''' known," Livio says.}}

=====Usage notes=====
* Not uncommonly seen in colloquial writing, outside the context of intentional eye dialect spelling. This usage is considered erroneous and often vigorously proscribed.

===Etymology 3===

====Symbol====
{{head|en|symbol}}

# {{lb|en|stenoscript}} {{abbreviation of|en|off|dot=,}} '''[[often]]'''

===Further reading===
* {{R:Cambridge|source=Academic|accessdate=21 July 2017}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=fo|F/O|FO|fo|fo'|fo.}}

{{cln|en|1-syllable words|two-letter words}}

==Afrikaans==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|af|nl|of}}, from {{inh|af|dum|of}}, {{m|dum|ofte}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|af|/ɔf/}}
* {{audio|af|LL-Q14196 (afr)-Oesjaar-of.wav}}

===Conjunction===
{{head|af|conjunction}}

# [[or]]
# [[whether]]; [[if]]

==Dutch==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|nl|dum|of}}, {{m|dum|ofte}}. In Middle Dutch the two words merged; the form ''of'' derives from {{inh|nl|odt|of}}, from {{inh|nl|gem-pro|*jabai}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|nl|/ɔf/}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-of.ogg}}
* {{hyphenation|nl|of}}
* {{rhymes|nl|ɔf|s=1}}

===Conjunction===
{{head|nl|conjunction}}

# {{lb|nl|coordinating}} [[or]]
#: {{ux|nl|Wil je thee, '''of''' heb je liever koffie?|Do you want tea, '''or''' would you prefer coffee?}}
# {{lb|nl|subordinating}} [[whether]], [[if]]
#: {{syn|nl|als|q=proscribed}}
#: {{ux|nl|Ik weet niet '''of''' dat wel zo'n goed idee is.|I don't know '''if''' that's such a good idea.}}
# {{lb|nl|{{lang|nl|of ... of}}}} [[either]] ... [[or]]
#: {{syn|nl|ofwel|danwel|hetzij}}
#: {{ux|nl|Je kan kiezen: '''of''' je bent stil, '''of''' je vertrekt.|You can choose: '''either''' you stay quiet, '''or''' you get out.}}
# {{lb|nl|{{lang|nl|of ... of dat}}}} [[whether]] ... [[or]]
#: {{ux|nl|Ik weet niet '''of''' ik moet vertrekken '''of dat''' ik het haar moet uitleggen.|I don't know '''whether''' I should leave '''or''' I should explain it to her.}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|nl|ofwel}}

====Descendants====
* {{desc|af|of}}
* {{desc|gmw-jdt|ov|of}}
* {{desc|dcr|of}}
* {{desc|djk|ofu|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pap|òf|of}}

==German Low German==

===Etymology 1===
From {{inh|nds-de|gml|af}}, from {{inh|nds-de|osx|af}}, from {{inh|nds-de|gmw-pro|*ab}}, from {{inh|nds-de|gem-pro|*ab}}. More at {{l|en|off}}.

====Preposition====
{{head|nds-de|preposition}}

# [[from]]

====Adverb====
{{head|nds-de|adverb}}

# [[away]]; [[from]]
# [[off]]

====Adjective====
{{head|nds-de|adjective}}

# [[off]] {{i|not "on"}}

===Etymology 2===
From {{inh|nds-de|osx|eftha}}.

====Conjunction====
{{head|nds-de|conjunction}}

# {{synonym of|nds-de|àder}}

==Icelandic==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|is|non|of-}}, from {{inh|is|gem-pro|*uber}}. The original full form is seen in the prefixed form {{m|is|ofur-||overly, super, very}}. Related to {{m|is|yfir||above}} and {{m|is|ofan||from above}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|is|/ɔːv/}}
* {{rhymes|is|ɔːv|s=1}}

===Adverb===
{{is-adv}}

# [[too]] (to an excessive degree)
#: {{ux|is|Ég er '''of''' falleg.|I am '''too''' beautiful. (referring to a woman)}}
#: {{ux|is|Ég er '''of''' fallegur.|I am '''too''' beautiful. (referring to a man)}}

===Preposition===
{{head|is|preposition}}

# [[about]]
# [[over]], [[above]]

==Japanese==

===Etymology===
From {{bor|ja|en|of}}, as in {{m|en||X of X}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{ja-pron|オブ}}

===Particle===
{{ja-pos|particle|オブ}}

# {{lb|ja|informal}} {{n-g|Used to express that one is an exemplar.}}
#: {{syn|ja|の中の|tr=no naka no}}
#: {{ja-usex|[[勇%者]]'''オブ'''[[勇%者]]の○○さん|ゆう%しゃ '''オブ''' ゆう%しゃ の ○○-さん|XX, a hero '''of'''/'''among''' heroes}}
#: {{ja-usex|[[キモい]]'''of'''[[キモい]]|キモい '''オブ''' キモい|absolutely disgusting|lit=disgusting '''of''' the disgusting}}

====See also====
* {{ja-r|ザ|lit=the|pos=with similar function}}

==Luxembourgish==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alt|lb|af|uef||both dialectal}}

===Etymology===
From {{inh|lb|gmh|af}}, {{m|gmh|ave}}, from {{inh|lb|goh|ava}}, northern variant of {{m|gmh|aba}}, from {{inh|lb|gmw-pro|*ab(a)}}, from {{inh|lb|gem-pro|*ab}}. 

Cognate with {{cog|de|ab}}, {{cog|nl|af}}, {{cog|en|of}} and {{m|en|off}}. The expected Luxembourgish forms are {{m|lb|af}} (< {{m|gmh||af}}) and {{m|lb|uef}} (< {{m|gmh||ave}}). The form {{m|lb||of}} was probably formed as a compromise between both variants. Otherwise it would imply an irregularly lengthened {{m+|gmh||*āf, *āve}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|lb|/oːf/}}

===Adverb===
{{head|lb|adverb}}

# {{lb|lb|chiefly in compounds}} [[off]], [[down]]

====Derived terms====
* {{l|lb|erof}}

==Middle Dutch==

===Etymology 1===
From {{inh|dum|odt|of}}.

====Conjunction====
{{head|dum|conjunction}}

# [[if]], [[whether]]

=====Usage notes=====
Sometimes confused with {{m|dum|ofte}}.

=====Descendants=====
* {{desc|nl|of}}
* {{desc|li|óf}}

===Etymology 2===

====Adverb====
{{dum-adv}}

# {{alternative form of|dum|af}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:MNW|33240|II}}

==Middle English==

===Etymology 1===
{{etymon|enm|id=preposition|inh|ang>of>preposition}}
From {{inh|enm|ang|of}}, an unstressed form of {{m|ang|af}}, {{m|ang|ob}}, {{m|ang|æf||from, off, away}}, from {{inh|enm|gmw-pro|*ab}}, from {{inh|enm|gem-pro|*ab|t=away; away from}}.

====Preposition====
{{head|enm|preposition}}

# [[#English|of]]
#* {{quote-book|enm|year=c. 1400|title=w:The Canterbury Tales|author=w:Geoffrey Chaucer|section=General Prologue|lines=1–3
|text=Whan that Aprill, with his shoures soote<br>The droghte '''of''' March hath perced to the roote
|t=When in April the sweet showers fall<br>That pierce the drought '''of''' March to the root and all
}}

=====Alternative forms=====
* {{alter|enm|ofe|offe|hof|ove}}
* {{alter|enm|ob|om|oþ||before ''b'', ''m'', ''þ''}}

=====Synonyms=====
* {{l|enm|o}}

=====Descendants=====
* {{desc|en|of}}
* {{desc|sco|o|o'}}
* {{desc|yol|ov|alts=1}}

====References====
* {{R:MED Online|of|prep|MED30218}}

===Etymology 2===
From {{inh|enm|ang|æf}}.

====Adverb====
{{head|enm|adverb}}

# [[off]]

=====Alternative forms=====
* {{alter|enm|ofe|offe}}

=====Descendants=====
* {{desc|en|off}}
* {{desc|sco|aff}}

====References====
* {{R:MED Online|of|adv|MED30217}}

===Etymology 3===
An alteration of {{m|enm|oth}}, from {{der|enm|ang|oþ}}.

====Conjunction====
{{head|enm|conjunction}}

# [[until]]

=====Alternative forms=====
* {{alter|enm|oft}}

====References====
* {{R:MED Online|of||MED30219|pos=conj.''(1)''}}

===Etymology 4===
Apheresis of {{m|enm|thof}}, a variation of {{m|enm|though}}, from {{der|enm|ang|þēah}}.

====Conjunction====
{{head|enm|conjunction}}

# [[although]], [[though]]

====References====
* {{R:MED Online|of||MED30220|pos=conj.''(2)''}}

==Old Dutch==

===Etymology===
{{rfe|odt}}

===Conjunction===
{{head|odt|conjunction}}

# [[if]], [[whether]]

====Descendants====
* {{desc|dum|of}}

====Further reading====
* {{R:ONW|3072}}

==Old English==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alter|ang|ob||before ''b''}}

===Etymology===
{{etymon|ang|id=preposition|from|ang>æf>of}}
Unstressed form of {{m|ang|æf}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{ang-IPA|ov}}
* {{ang-IPA|of}}

===Preposition===
{{ang-prep}} {{+obj|ang|dat}}

# [[from]]
#: {{ux|ang|Hē is '''of''' þām ilcan wīċe swā iċ.|He is '''from''' the same village as me.}}
# [[out of]]
#: {{ux|ang|'''Of''' þām ǣġe crēap ān lȳtel and swīðe hungriġ trēowwyrm.|'''Out of''' the egg came a tiny and very hungry caterpillar.}}
#* ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=i_FBtx0ZPPMC&pg=PA12 The Life of Saint Margaret]''
#*: {{quote|ang|Iċ nylle nān word mā '''of''' þīnum mūðe ġehīeran.|I don't want to hear one more word '''out of''' your mouth.}}
#* '''late 10th century''', [[w:Ælfric of Eynsham|Ælfric]], ''[https://books.google.co.id/books?id=iqCU4ZV4pjoC&pg=PA17 On the Seasons of the Year]''
#*: {{quote|ang|Swā swā fiscas cwelaþ gif hīe '''of''' wætre bēoþ, swā ēac cwileþ ǣlċ eorðliċ līchama gif hē biþ þǣre lyfte bedǣled.|Just as fish die if they're '''out of''' the water, every land animal dies if it is deprived of air.}}
# [[off]]
#* '''late 10th century''', [[w:Ælfric of Eynsham|Ælfric]], ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=hWA5AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA96 Esther]''
#*: {{quote|ang|Sē cyning slīepte his bēag '''of'''.|The king slipped his ring '''off'''.}}
# [[by]] (indicating the creator of a work)
# [[of]] (Denoting material made of)
#* '''c. 992''', [[w:Ælfric of Eynsham|Ælfric]], [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Homilies_of_the_Anglo-Saxon_Church/XXV "The Nativity of St. John the Baptist"]
#*: {{quote|ang|"Eal his reaf wæs awefen '''of''' olfendes hǽrum, his bigleofa wæs stiðlic; ne dranc he wines drenc, ne nanes gemencgedes wætan, ne gebrowenes: ofet hine fedde, and wude-hunig, and oðre waclice ðigena."|"All his garment was woven '''of''' camel's hair, his food was coarse; he drank not drink of wine, nor of any mixed or prepared fluid: fruit fed him and wood-honey, and other common things."}}

====Usage notes====
* ''Of'' does not mean "of," even though it's where the word "of" comes from. Instead, the Anglo-Saxons mostly used the [[genitive case]] where they would say "of": ''<u>Dēaðes</u> god man sċeal ofslēan and mann undēadlīcne dōn'' ("The god <u>of death</u> must be killed and man made immortal"), ''Iċ hine huntiġe oþ <u>eorðan</u> endas'' ("I'll hunt him to the ends <u>of the Earth</u>"). Even the occasional instances where "of" translates ''of'' are a survival of its original sense "from" or "out of": ''sē weall is ġeworht <u>of</u> tiġelan and eorþteorwe'' ("the wall is made <u>of</u> brick and asphalt"), ''Sē Hǣlend sċolde bēon <u>of</u> fǣmnan ġeboren'' ("Jesus was supposedly born <u>of</u> a virgin").

* Note also that ''of'' never means "about." Phrases like "to think of" and "to speak of" are rendered with {{m|ang|be}} or {{m|ang|ymb}}.

* For doing something "out of" an emotion, {{m|ang|for}} is typically used instead of ''of'': ''Þætte <u>for</u> lufum ġedōn biþ, þæt ġewierþ simle beġeondan gōde and yfele'' ("What is done <u>out of</u> love always takes place beyond good and evil").

* For dying "of" a cause, various other prepositions or the bare dative/instrumental case are used; see {{m|ang|sweltan}}.

====Descendants====
* {{desc|enm|of}}
** {{desc|sco|o}}
** {{desc|en|of}}

==Old Norse==

===Etymology 1===
{{rfe|non}}

====Preposition====
{{head|non|preposition}}

# [[about]]
#: {{syn|non|um}}
# {{lb|non|archaic|poetic}} [[over]], [[above]]

====References====
* {{lb|non|with accusative}} {{R:Zoega}}

===Etymology 2===
Unclear, but totally overtook the function of {{m|non|g-}}, inherited from {{ncog|gem-pro|*ga-}}. {{etystub|non}}

====Particle====
{{head|non|particle}}

# {{lb|non|archaic|poetic}} {{n-g|Indicates association or togetherness}}; [[co-]].
#: {{prefixusex|non|altpref=of|barmr|t1=bosom|-i|t2=agent suffix|id2=agent noun|of barmi|t3=brother|lit3=of the same bosom; co-bosomer}}
# {{lb|non|archaic|poetic}} {{n-g|Indicates completeness or wholeness. In verbs, also indicates perfectivity (a finished action).}}
#* {{circa|850}}, {{w|Þjóðólfr of Hvinir}}, ''{{w|Ynglingatal}}'', [https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=verse&i=4367 verse 1]]:
#*: {{quote|non|{{...}} Ok sikling / svigðis geira<br>vágr vindlauss / '''of''' viða skyldi.|{{...}} And the windless wave of the spears of the bull [HORNS > MEAD] was to destroy the prince.}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=fo|FO|fo|F/O|F.O.|Fo|fo'|F. O.|fo.}}

==Old Saxon==

===Etymology===
Unstressed form of {{m|osx|af}}.

===Preposition===
{{osx-prep}}

# [[above]]
# [[away]] [[from]]

==Romanian==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|ro|/of/}}

===Interjection===
{{head|ro|interjection}}

# [[ugh]], [[tsk]], [[sigh]]
#: {{n-g|used for expressing pain, bitterness, regret; despair; abhorrence, disgust; admiration, enthusiasm; wonder, surprise}}

==Turkish==

===Interjection===
{{head|tr|interjection}}

# [[oof]] {{gloss|often expressing that some task requires great effort}}
# [[ouch]] {{gloss|used both for literally and emotionally painful situations}}
# [[ugh]] {{gloss|expressing disgust or strong dismay}}

==Volapük==

===Pronoun===
{{head|vo|pronoun|plural|ofs}}

# [[she]] {{qualifier|third-person feminine}}

====Declension====
{{vo-decl-pronoun}}

==Welsh==

===Noun===
{{head|cy|mutated noun}}

# {{soft mutation of|cy|gof}}

===Mutation===
{{cy-mut|gof}}

==West Frisian==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|fy|ofs|jef}}, from {{inh|fy|gem-pro|*jabai}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|fy|/ɔf/}}

===Conjunction===
{{head|fy|conjunction}}

# [[or]]

====Further reading====
* {{R:WFT|70407}}

==Yola==

===Preposition===
{{head|yol|preposition}}

# {{alt form|yol|ov||of}}
#* {{quote-book|yol|year=1867|page=58|title=GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY|passage=Muskawn '''of''' buthther.|translation=A large lump '''of''' butter.}}
#* {{quote-book|yol|year=1867|page=96|chapter=THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE|number=5|title=SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY|passage=To his sweethearth, an smack lick a dab '''of''' a brough.|translation=To his sweetheart, and smacked like a slap '''of''' a shoe.}}

===References===
* {{R:Poole 1867|page=96}}