Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/drūtos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Unknown; the traditional derivation from Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree; firm”) is doubtful. The u of the Welsh word is unexpected, as Proto-Celtic *ū becomes *i in Proto-Brythonic and i in Welsh (compare Proto-Celtic *dūnom > Welsh din). It is possible the Welsh word was influenced by Gaulish or Goidelic, or is a loanword from one of them; foreign /uː/ is usually rendered as u when loaned into Welsh.

Adjective

*drūtos

Inflection

O/ā-stem
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*drūtos	*drūtou	*drūtoi
vocative	*drūte	*drūtou	*drūtoi
accusative	*drūtom	*drūtou	*drūtoms
genitive	*drūtī	*drūtous	*drūtom
dative	*drūtūi	*drūtobom	*drūtobos
instrumental	*drūtū	*drūtobim	*drūtobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*drūtā	*drūtai	*drūtās
vocative	*drūtā	*drūtai	*drūtās
accusative	*drūtam	*drūtai	*drūtams
genitive	*drūtās	*drūtous	*drūtom
dative	*drūtai	*drūtābom	*drūtābos
instrumental	*?	*drūtābim	*drūtābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*drūtom	*drūtou	*drūtā
vocative	*drūtom	*drūtou	*drūtā
accusative	*drūtom	*drūtou	*drūtā
genitive	*drūtī	*drūtous	*drūtom
dative	*drūtūi	*drūtobom	*drūtobos
instrumental	*drūtū	*drūtobim	*drūtobis

Declension of the comparative
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*drūtyūs	*?	*drūtyoses
vocative	*drūtyūs	*?	*drūtyoses
accusative	*drūtyosam	*?	*drūtyosams
genitive	*drūtisos	*?	*drūtisom
dative	*drūtisei	*?	*drūtisbos
instrumental	*drūtisī	*?	*drūtisbis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*drūtyūs	*?	*drūtyoses
vocative	*drūtyūs	*?	*drūtyoses
accusative	*drūtyosam	*?	*drūtyosams
genitive	*drūtisos	*?	*drūtisom
dative	*drūtisei	*?	*drūtisbos
instrumental	*drūtisī	*?	*drūtisbis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*drūtis	*?	*?
vocative	*drūtis	*?	*?
accusative	*drūtis	*?	*?
genitive	*drūtisos	*?	*drūtisom
dative	*drūtisei	*?	*drūtisbos
instrumental	*drūtisī	*?	*drūtisbis

Descendants

Gaulish: Trutiknos
- → Gallo-Latin: *drudos
Middle Irish: drúth
Middle Welsh: drut
- Welsh: drud

References

Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “drúth”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “drud”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 106