Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/galaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰel- (“to shout, cry”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣɑ.lɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*galaną

1. to shout, yell
2. to charm, sing

Inflection

Conjugation of *galaną (strong class 6)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*galō	*galaų	—	*galai	?
2nd singular	*galizi	*galaiz	*gal	*galazai	*galaizau
3rd singular	*galidi	*galai	*galadau	*galadai	*galaidau
1st dual	*galōz	*galaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*galadiz	*galaidiz	*galadiz	—	—
1st plural	*galamaz	*galaim	—	*galandai	*galaindau
2nd plural	*galid	*galaid	*galid	*galandai	*galaindau
3rd plural	*galandi	*galain	*galandau	*galandai	*galaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*gōl	*gōlį̄
2nd singular	*gōlt	*gōlīz
3rd singular	*gōl	*gōlī
1st dual	*gōlū	*gōlīw
2nd dual	*gōludiz	*gōlīdiz
1st plural	*gōlum	*gōlīm
2nd plural	*gōlud	*gōlīd
3rd plural	*gōlun	*gōlīn
	present	past
participles	*galandz	*galanaz

Derived terms

• *galdraz
• *galstrą
• *gōlijaną
• *abgaliþō

Related terms

• *galanaz
• *galmaz
• *gellaną
• *gullōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *galan
  • Old English: galan
    • Middle English: galen
      • English: gale
      • Scots: gale
  • Old Saxon: galan
  • Old Dutch: *galan
    • Middle Dutch: gālen
  • Old High German: galan, kalan
    • >? Middle High German: golen, goln
      • German: golen
    • ⇒ Middle High German: begalen
    • ⇒? Old High German: galt (“(of cows) not milch, infertile”, past participle) (from the belief that sterile or un-milch cows are bewitched)
      • Middle High German: galt
        • Alemannic German: galt (“(of cows) not milch”)

          Swabian: gall (“(of sheep) not pregnant”)

        • Bavarian:

          Carinthian: galt (“(of cows) infertile or pregnant (therefore not milch)”)

          Cimbrian: galt (“(of cows) not milch; (of cows and human women) infertile”)

          ⇒^? Tyrolean: galt (“unfarmed land”)

        • >? German: gelt (“(of non-human animals) infertile”)
        • ⇒ Middle High German: galte (“one-year-old calf”)
          • Alemannic German: Galti (“two-year-old cow that has not yet become pregnant”)
• Old Norse: gala
  • Danish: gale
  • Faroese: gala
  • Icelandic: gala
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: gala, gale
  • Norwegian Bokmål: gale
  • Old Swedish: gala, (verbal noun) gall
    • Swedish: gala, (verbal noun) gall, (derivation) gallra