Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þat

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /θɑt/

Determiner

*þat

1. nominative/accusative singular neuter of *sa

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *þat
  • Old English: þæt
    • Middle English: that
      • English: that
      • Scots: that
      • Yola: at, et, thet, that, th', y'at
  • Old Frisian: thet
    • Saterland Frisian: dät
    • West Frisian: dat
  • Old Saxon: that
    • Middle Low German: dat
      • Low German: dat; datt
  • Old Dutch: that
    • Middle Dutch: dat
      • Dutch: dat, het
        • Afrikaans: dat
      • Limburgish: det
  • Old High German: daz, thaz, that, dat — northern
    • Middle High German: daz
      • Alemannic German: ds, s

        Swabian: des

      • Bavarian:

        Cimbrian: des, 's, z

        Mòcheno: s

      • German: das, dass
      • Hessian: dès
      • Luxembourgish: dass
      • Silesian East Central German: doas
      • Yiddish: דאָס (dos)
  • Northern Old High German: dat, that, daz, thaz
    • Middle High German: dat
      • Central Franconian: dat, datt
      • Luxembourgish: dat, datt
• Proto-Norse: ᚦᚨᛏ (þat), ᚦᛡᛏ (þᴀt)
  • Old Norse: þat
    • Icelandic: það
    • Faroese: tað, hað
    • Norn: da
    • Norwegian:
      • Norwegian Bokmål: det
      • Norwegian Nynorsk: det, dat
    • Jamtish: deð, heð
    • Old Swedish: þæt, þet, thæt, thet, thz
      • Swedish: det, (obsolete) thet, dhet
    • Old Danish: thet
      • Danish: det
• Gothic: 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌰 (þata)
• ⇒ *þes-
  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old English: þes
      • Middle English: þes
        • English: these
        • Middle Scots: thais, thois, theis
    • Old Frisian:
      • Saterland Frisian: disse
      • West Frisian: dizze
    • Old Saxon: these
      • Low German: düsse, disse
    • Old Dutch: these
      • Middle Dutch: dēse, deze
        • Dutch: deze, dit
        • Limburgish: deze
    • Old High German: dese, these
      • Cimbrian: diiza
      • German: diese
  • Old Norse: sjá, þessi
    • Icelandic: þessi m or f, þetta n
    • Faroese: hesin m, henda f, hetta n
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: denne m or f (-nn- from the accusative), dette n, desse pl
    • Old Swedish: þænni
      • Swedish: denna c, detta n, dessa pl
    • Danish: denne c, dette n, disse pl
      • Norwegian Bokmål: denne c, dette n, disse pl