Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kün

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Noun

*kün

2. day

   Coordinate terms: *tün (“night”), *kēče (“late, evening”), *ẹ̄r (“early, morning”), *yạrïn (“morning, tomorrow”)

3. sun

Declension

Declension of *kün

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*kün
Accusative	*künüg, *künni1)
Genitive	*künnüŋ
Dative	*künke
Locative	*künte
Ablative	*künten
Allative	*küngerü
Instrumental 2)	*künün
Equative 2)	*künče
Similative 2)	*künleyü
Comitative 2)	*künlügü

¹⁾ Originally only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Derived terms

• *kün-eĺ
• *kuń-āĺ

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Volga Bulgar: كُوَان (kön, “day”)
    • Chuvash: кун (kun, “day”)
  • Danube Bulgar: χων (kon, “day”)

• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: kün
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: کون (kün)
    • Chagatai: کون (kün)
      • Uyghur: كۈن (kün)
      • Uzbek: kun
• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Azerbaijani: gün
    • Ottoman Turkish: گون (gün)
      • Turkish: gün (“day”)
      • Gagauz: gün
  • Turkmen: gün
  • Salar:
• Kipchak: کون (kün)
  • North Kipchak:
    • Tatar: көн (kön)
    • Bashkir: көн (kön)
    • Siberian Tatar: көн (kön)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: кунь (kün)
    • Karachay-Balkar: кюн (kün)
    • Kumyk: гюн (gün)
    • Karaim: kiuń
  • South Kipchak:
    • Caspian:
      • Kazakh: күн (kün)
      • Karakalpak: күн (ku'n)
      • Nogai: куьн (kün)
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: күн (kün)
      • Southern Altai: кӱн (kün)
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic: 𐰚𐰇𐰤 (kün² /⁠kün⁠/)
  • North Siberian:
    • Dolgan: күн (kün)
    • Yakut: күн (kün)
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan:
      • Tuvan: хүн (xün)
      • Tofa:
    • Yenisei:
      • Khakas: кӱн (kün)
      • Shor:
      • Western Yugur:
• →? Proto-Tocharian: *kaun
  • Tocharian A: koṃ
  • Tocharian B: kauṃ

Etymology 2

Possibly a cognate with Proto-Mongolic *kümün (“person”) if from earlier *küxün (“person”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Noun

*kün

2. person

   Synonym: *kiši

Declension

Declension of *kün

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*kün
Accusative	*künüg, *künni1)
Genitive	*künnüŋ
Dative	*künke
Locative	*künte
Ablative	*künten
Allative	*küngerü
Instrumental 2)	*künün
Equative 2)	*künče
Similative 2)	*künleyü
Comitative 2)	*künlügü

¹⁾ Originally only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Derived terms

• *ēl kün (“world”)

Derived terms

• *-gün (“plurality suffix for people”)