Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kara

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Compared to Proto-Mongolic *kara (“black”), Proto-Japonic *kuro, however, the Altaic hypothesis is not accepted by many scholars.

May be related to Khitan 黑 (kara, “west”) since colors indicate direction in Turkic mythology.

Adjective

*kara

1. black

Derived terms

• *kapkara (“jet-black”)

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: хура (hura)
• Common Turkic:

• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: qara
• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Azerbaijani: qara
    • Ottoman Turkish: قره (kara)
      • Gagauz: kara
      • Turkish: kara
        • → Adyghe: къарэ (qarɛ)
  • Salar: gara
  • Turkmen: gara
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: قَرا (kara)
    • Chagatai: كارا (kara)
      • Ili Turki: qara
      • Uyghur: قارا (qara)
      • Uzbek: qora
• Kipchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: ҡара (qara)
    • Tatar: кара (qara)
  • East Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz: кара (kara)
    • Southern Altai: кара (kara)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Nogai: кара (kara)
    • Kazakh: қара (qara)
    • Karakalpak: qara
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: qara
    • Karachay-Balkar: къара (qara)
    • Kumyk: къара (qara)
    • Karaim: [script needed] (qara)
• Siberian:
  • Yenisei Kyrgyz [Term?] (qara)
  • Old Turkic: 𐰴𐰺𐰀 (kara)
  • Old Uyghur: 𐽲𐾄𐽰𐽾𐽰 (kara)
  • North Siberian:
    • Yakut: хара (qara, “black”), хараҥа (qaraña, “dark”)
    • Dolgan: кара
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan:
      • Tuvan: кара (kara)
      • Shor: ӄара
    • Yenisei:
      • Shor: қара (qara)
      • Khakas: хара (xara)
      • Western Yugur: [script needed] (gara)
    • Northern Altai: кара (kara), къара (qara) (Qumandy)

See also

Colors in Proto-Turkic · *boduglar, *bodugsāyïn (layout · text)

*āk, *ürüŋ	*boŕ, *sūr, *kuba, *čāl, *oń	*kara
*kïŕïl; *āl	*koŋur, *yạgïŕ	*siarïg, *yẹgren
	*yāĺïl
	*kȫk
	*(y)ip-