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ni

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "ni"
Languages (87)
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Abinomn • Afar • Ainu • Albanian • Anguthimri • Aromanian • Asturian • Atong (India) • Bambara • Basque • Biloxi • Breton • Catalan • Czech • Danish • Drung • Dumbea • Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl • Esperanto • French • Gothic • Hanunoo • Hausa • Hungarian • Idi • Ido • Ingrian • Interlingua • Italian • Japanese • Kamano • Kansa • Kedah Malay • Klao • Laboya • Latin • Ligurian • Livonian • Lolopo • Luxembourgish • Malay • Mandarin • Marshallese • Middle English • Middle Irish • Mizo • Mohegan-Pequot • Mokilese • Navajo • Naxi • Ningil • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Nutabe • Old Czech • Old High German • Old Irish • Omaha-Ponca • Phalura • Polish • Portuguese • Proto-Norse • Rawang • Romanian • Samoan • Serbo-Croatian • Sicilian • Slovene • Spanish • Swahili • Swedish • Tagalog • Tarifit • Tokelauan • Unami • Ura (Vanuatu) • Uzbek • Veps • Vietnamese • Welsh • West Makian • Wutunhua • Yil • Yoruba • Zou • Zulu
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English

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Pronunciation

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This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA or enPR then please add some!

Noun

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ni

  1. (grammar) Initialism of noun inanimate.

See also

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Anagrams

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Abinomn

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Pronoun

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ni

  1. you (singular)

Afar

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Pronunciation

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Determiner

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ní

  1. our
    • Saytun Qhuraan kee kay maqnah tarjamaty Qafar afal tani [The clear Qur'an and its explanation translated into the Afar language]‎[2], Suurat Al-Faatica, verse 5:
      Diggah nanu Ni Rabbow koo inkittosnaah Qibaada dibuk koo caglisna, nanu ni-caagiidah inkih cato koo esserra.
      Our God, with strength we make you whole, only you we give [our] adoration, we as one ask you for help with our afairs.

See also

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Afar possessive determiners
1st person 2nd person 3rd person m 3rd person f
Personal Singular yi ku kay tet
Plural ni sin ken
Reflexive Singular inní isí
Plural ninní isinní, sinní

References

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  • E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “ni”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
  • Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎[3], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

Ainu

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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ni (Kana spelling ニ)

  1. tree
  2. wood

Synonyms

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Albanian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-Albanian *nū, from Proto-Indo-European *nū (“now”). Cognate to Sanskrit नू (nū, “now”).[1] Often occurs in coordination with other particles, compare tani, nani, nime.

Adverb

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ni

  1. now
    Synonyms: tash, tani, hë, nani, nime
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References

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  1. ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian‎[1], Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 206

Anguthimri

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Noun

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ni

  1. (Mpakwithi) place
  2. (Mpakwithi) camp

References

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  • Terry Crowley, The Mpakwithi dialect of Anguthimri (1981), page 187

Aromanian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Vulgar Latin nīs, from Latin nos. Compare Romanian ne (older form nă).

Pronoun

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ni (unstressed accusative and reflexive form of noi)

  1. (direct object, first-person plural) us
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  • noi (stressed accusative)

Pronoun

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ni (unstressed dative and reflexive form of noi)

  1. (indirect object, first-person plural) (to) us
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  • nau (stressed dative)

See also

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Asturian

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Noun

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ni f (uncountable)

  1. nu (name for the letter of the Greek alphabet: Ν and ν)

Atong (India)

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Etymology

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From Proto-Bodo-Garo *nɯi⁴ (“two”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-ni-s (“two”). Cognate with S'gaw Karen ခံ (khee), Tibetan གཉིས (gnyis), Sikkimese ཉི (nyi), Nuosu ꑍ (nyip), Burmese နှစ် (hnac).

Pronunciation

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Numeral

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ni (Bengali script নি)

  1. two

Synonyms

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References

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Bambara

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Etymology 1

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Noun

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ni

  1. soul, life, spirit

Etymology 2

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Conjunction

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ni

  1. if
    Ni taara sugu la, i bɛ ne ba ye.
    If you go to the market, you will see my mother
  2. when

References

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Basque

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Etymology

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From Proto-Basque *ni.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ni

  1. First-person singular personal pronoun; I
    • c. 1808, Juan Bautista Aguirre, Eracusaldiac [Lessons]‎[4], Tolosa, published 1850, page 473:
      […] Jauna: ez naiz ni beñere izan zu neure viotzean artzeco diña […]
      [ […] Jauna, ez naiz ni beñere izan zu nere biotzean artzeko diña […] ]
      […] Lord, not even once have I been worth of belonging to your heart […]
    • 1989, Gorka Aulestia, Basque-English Dictionary, Douglas: William A, page 53:
      Ni errege izan nintzen.
      I was king.
    • 2013, Patricio Urquizu Sarasua, Gramática de la lengua vasca, Universidad Nacional de Educación de Distancia, page 154:
      Ni etorri naiz.
      I have come.

Declension

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Declension of Basque personal pronouns
Common pronouns
singular plural
1st person 2nd person (informal) 2nd person (neutral) 1st person 2nd person
absolutive ni hi zu gu zuek
ergative nik hik zuk guk
dative niri hiri zuri guri zuei
genitive nire,
ene 		hire zure gure zuen
comitative nirekin,
enekin 		hirekin zurekin gurekin zuekin
causative nigatik, niregatik,
enegatik 		higatik, hiregatik zugatik, zuregatik gugatik, guregatik zuengatik
benefactive niretzat, niretako,
enetzat,enetako 		hiretzat, hiretako zuretzat, zuretako guretzat, guretako zuentzat, zuendako
instrumental nitaz hitaz zutaz gutaz zuetaz
inessive nigan, niregan, nire baitan, nitan,
enegan, ene baitan 		higan, hiregan, hire baitan, hitan zugan, zuregan, zure baitan, zutan gugan, guregan, gure baitan, gutan zuengan, zuen baitan, zuetan
locative nire baitako, ene baitako hire baitako gu baitako, gure baitako zu baitako, zure baitako zuen baitako
allative niregana, nireganat, nire baitara, nire baitarat,
enegana, eneganat, ene baitara, ene baitarat 		hiregana, hireganat, hire baitara, hire baitarat zugana, zuregana, zuganat, zureganat,
zu baitara, zure baitara, zu baitarat, zure baitarat 		gugana, guregana, guganat, gureganat,
gu baitara, gure baitara, gu baitarat, gure baitarat 		zuengana, zuenganat,
zuen baitara, zuen baitarat
terminative nireganaino, nire baitaraino,
eneganaino 		higanaino, hireganaino,
hire baitaraino 		zuganaino, zureganaino,
zu baitaraino, zure baitaraino 		guganaino, gureganaino,
gu baitaraino, gure baitaraino 		zuenganaino,
zuen baitaraino
directive niganantz, nireganantz,
eneganantz 		higanantz, hireganantz zuganantz, zureganantz guganantz, gureganantz zuenganantz
destinative niganako, nireganako,
eneganako 		higanako, hireganako zuganako, zureganako guganako, gureganako zuenganako
ablative nireganik, niregandik, nire baitatik, nire baitarik,
eneganik, enegandik, ene baitatik, ene baitarik 		higanik, hireganik, higandik, hiregandik,
hire baitatik, hire baitarik 		zuganik, zureganik, zugandik, zuregandik,
zu baitatik, zu baitarik, zure baitatik, zure baitarik 		guganik, gureganik, gugandik, guregandik,
gu baitatik, gu baitarik, gure baitatik, gure baitarik 		zuenganik, zuengandik,
zuen baitatik, zuen baitarik
Emphatic pronouns
absolutive neu heu zeu geu zeuek
ergative neuk heuk zeuk geuk
dative neuri heuri zeuri geuri zeuei
genitive neure heure zeure geure zeuen
comitative neurekin heurekin zeurekin geurekin zeuekin
causative neugatik, neuregatik heugatik, heuregatik zugatik, zuregatik gugatik, guregatik zuengatik
benefactive neuretzat, neuretako heuretzat, heuretako zeuretzat, zeuretako geuretzat, geuretako zeuentzat, zeuendako
instrumental neutaz heutaz zeutaz geutaz zeuetaz
inessive neugan heuregan, heure baitan zeugan, zeuregan geugan, geuregan zeuengan
locative neure baitako heure baitako zeure baitako geure baitako zeuen baitako
allative neuregana heugana, heuregana, heure baitara, heure baitarat zeugana, zeuregana geugana, geuregana zeuengana
terminative neuregaino heuganaino, heureganaino, heure baitaraino zeuganaino, zeureganaino geuganaino, geureganaino zeuenganaino
directive neuganantz heuganantz, heureganantz zeuganantz, zeureganantz geuganantz, geureganantz zeuenganantz
destinative neureganako heuganako, heureganako zeuganako, zeureganako geuganako, geureganako zeuenganako
ablative neuganik, neugandik heuganik, heureganik, heugandik, heuregandik,
heure baitatik, heure baitarik 		zeuganik, zeureganik, zeugandik, zeuregandik geuganik, geureganik, geugandik, geuregandik zeuenganik, zeuengandik

Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • “ni”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy], Euskaltzaindia
  • “ni”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005

Biloxi

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Noun

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ni

  1. Synonym of ani (“water”)

References

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Breton

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Brythonic *ni, from Proto-Celtic *snīs.

Pronoun

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ni

  1. we (first-person plural personal pronoun)

Etymology 2

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From Proto-Brythonic *nei, from Proto-Celtic *neɸūss, from Proto-Indo-European *népōts.

Noun

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ni m (plural nied)

  1. nephew

Catalan

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Conjunction

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ni

  1. neither, nor

Adverb

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ni

  1. not even, even

Etymology 2

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Noun

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ni f (plural nis)

  1. nu; the Greek letter Ν (lowercase ν)

Czech

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ni f

  1. accusative singular of ona

Danish

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Danish cardinal numbers
 <  8 9 10  > 
    Cardinal : ni
    Ordinal : niende

Etymology

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From Old Norse níu, from Proto-Germanic *newun, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥ (“nine”).

Pronunciation

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Numeral

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ni

  1. nine

Drung

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Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nəj.

Noun

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ni

  1. day

References

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  • Ross Perlin (2019) A Grammar of Trung‎[5], Santa Barbara: University of California

Dumbea

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ni

  1. they

References

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Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl

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Determiner

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ni

  1. this.

Pronoun

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ni

  1. this.

Esperanto

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Etymology

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From Italian noi, French nous, Spanish nos, Latin nos, plus the i of personal pronouns.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ni (first-person plural, accusative nin, possessive nia)

  1. we (first-person plural personal pronoun)
    Ni batis lin.
    We hit him.
  2. ourselves
    Ni diris al ni.
    We said to ourselves.

French

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Etymology

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From Middle French ny, from Old French ne, from Latin nec. Compare Italian né, Catalan and Spanish ni, Portuguese nem.

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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ni

  1. neither; nor
    • 1898, Revue du monde invisible, page 339:
      Notre imagination, si ardente qu’on la suppose, ne peut ni guérir instantanément une lésion organique, ni ressusciter un mort.
      Our imagination, so ardent as we suppose, can neither instantaneously heal an organic lesion, nor resuscitate the dead.
    • 1876, Bulletins et mémoires de la Société médicale des hôpitaux de Paris, Volume 12:
      […] les constitutions accidentelles ou intercurrentes ne sont ni moins importantes ni plus faciles à expliquer.
      […] accidental or intercurrent constitutions are neither less important nor easier to explain.
    • c. 1656–1662, Blaise Pascal, “Preuves par discours I – Papier original : RO 3-1 r° / v° et RO 7-1 r° / v°”, in Pensées [Thoughts]‎[6]:
      Mais nous ne connaissons ni l’existence ni la nature de Dieu, parce qu’il n’a ni étendue, ni bornes.
      But we know neither the existence nor the nature of God, because He has neither extent nor limits.

Usage notes

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  • Used with the negative particle ne.
  • Chiefly used at least twice in the same sentence the same way neither and nor would be used in an English sentence, such as ni riche, ni pauvre (“neither rich nor poor”).

Derived terms

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See also

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Further reading

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Gothic

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Romanization

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ni

  1. Romanization of 𐌽𐌹

Hanunoo

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Etymology

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From Proto-Austronesian *ni (“marker of possession”).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈni/ [ˈni]
  • Rhymes: -i
  • Syllabification: ni

Preposition

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ni (Hanunoo spelling ᜨᜲ)

  1. of; by
    ti luka ni Bado ― lime tube of Bado
    Kinaon ni Bado ti burot.
    The wild yam was eaten by Bado.

See also

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Further reading

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  • Conklin, Harold C. (1953) Hanunóo-English Vocabulary (University of California Publications in Linguistics), volume 9, London, England: University of California Press, →OCLC, page 198

Hausa

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-Chadic, from Proto-Afroasiatic *ˀanāku.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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nī

  1. I (1st person singular pronoun)

See also

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  • mínì (1st person singular indirect object enclitic pronoun)
  • nì (1st person singular independent object pronoun)
  • -wá (1st person singular possessive enclitic pronoun)

Hungarian

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Etymology

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Native word of debated origin:[1]

  1. Shortened from nézd (“look!”) ~ nízd (a dialectal variant).
  2. An onomatopoeia expressing astonishment.

Pronunciation

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Interjection

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ni

  1. (colloquial) lo!, look!
    Itt van ni! ― Look! Here it is!

Usage notes

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Most of the time it is used in its duplicated form: nini!

References

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  1. ^ ni in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Further reading

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  • ni in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Idi

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Noun

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ni

  1. water

References

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Ido

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Pronoun

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ni

  1. (personal) we (first-person plural personal pronoun)

Ingrian

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Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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ni

  1. Alternative form of niin
    • 1937, V. A. Tetjurev, translated by N. I. Molotsova, Loonnontiito (ensimäin osa): oppikirja alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 6:
      Jot saavva tiitä mitä ono pintamaas, ni pittää tehä mokomat oopьtat.
      In order to get to know what is in the topsoil, (that's why) it's important to perform such experiments.

References

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  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 340

Interlingua

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From French and Spanish ni, from Latin nec (“and not”).

Adverb

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ni

  1. and not.
    Io non sape, ni vole saper ― I don’t know, and I don’t want to know
  2. Neither, nor.
    Illo ni me place ni displace ― It neither pleases me nor displeases me
  3. And, or (following a "with no" or "without").
    Nos debe resister sin aqua ni alimento ― We must resist with no water or food

Italian

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈni/
  • Rhymes: -i
  • Hyphenation: nì

Etymology 1

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Blend of no +‎ sì.

Adverb

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ni

  1. (informal) neither yes nor no

Etymology 2

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Italian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia it

Noun

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ni m or f (invariable)

  1. nu (Greek letter)

Anagrams

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Japanese

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Romanization

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ni

  1. The hiragana syllable に (ni) or the katakana syllable ニ (ni) in Hepburn romanization.

Kamano

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Alternative forms

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Noun

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ni

  1. water

References

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  • The Papuan Languages of New Guinea (1986, →ISBN

Kansa

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Etymology

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From Proto-Siouan *wa-rį́• (“water”).

Noun

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ni

  1. water
  2. any liquid
  3. river

References

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Kedah Malay

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ni

  1. you (singular)

Klao

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Noun

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ni

  1. water

References

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  • World Lexicon of Grammaticalization (2002, →ISBN

Laboya

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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ni

  1. coconut

References

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  • Allahverdi Verdizade (2019) “ni”, in Lamboya word list‎[7], Leiden: LexiRumah

Latin

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Etymology

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From Old Latin nei, from Proto-Italic *nei, from Proto-Indo-European *néy (“not”), from *ne. Cognates include Gothic 𐌽𐌴𐌹 (nei), Lithuanian nei, Old Church Slavonic ни (ni), Old Irish ní and Sanskrit न (ná). See also nē.

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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nī (not comparable)

  1. not, if...not, unless- an absolutely negative particle like ne so only in combinations

Derived terms

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Conjunction

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nī

  1. not, that not, unless; like ne in imperative and intentional clauses
    Ni quid tibi hinc in spem referas. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    Vinum aliudve quid ni laudato. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    Numa constituit, ut pisces, qui squamosi non essent, ni pollucerent ... ni qui ad polluctum emerent. ― Numa ordained scaleless fish not to be served nor bought for serving.

Ligurian

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Etymology

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From Latin nec.

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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ni

  1. nor
  2. neither...nor
  3. either...or

Livonian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *nügüt. Cognates include Finnish nyt.

Adverb

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ni

  1. now

Lolopo

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Etymology

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From Proto-Loloish *(ʔ)-ne¹, from Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔnəj¹/³, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nəj (“sun; day”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ni 

  1. (Yao'an) day

References

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  • Merrifield, Judith, Merrifield, Scott (2018) “Query for ni”, in Yao'an Loxrlavu – English Dictionary (in Chinese), SIL International

Luxembourgish

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Etymology

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From Middle High German nie, from Old High German nio. Cognate with German nie.

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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ni

  1. never

Synonyms

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Malay

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Pronunciation

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Determiner

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ni (Jawi spelling ني)

  1. Colloquial form of ini

Pronoun

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ni (Jawi spelling ني)

  1. Colloquial form of ini

Mandarin

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Romanization

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ni

  1. Nonstandard spelling of nī.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of ní.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of nǐ.
  4. Nonstandard spelling of nì.

Usage notes

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  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Marshallese

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Etymology

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From Proto-Micronesian *niu, from Proto-Oceanic *niuʀ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *niuʀ.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ni

  1. coconut tree
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  • iu (coconut)

References

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Middle English

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Adverb

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ni

  1. Alternative form of ne

Conjunction

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ni

  1. Alternative form of ne

Middle Irish

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Particle

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ni

  1. Alternative spelling of ní

Mizo

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Kuki-Chin *nii (“sun; day”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nəj (“sun; day”).

Noun

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ni

  1. sun
  2. day
  3. time

Etymology 2

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Noun

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ni

  1. aunt

References

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Mohegan-Pequot

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Pronoun

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ni (first person singular)

  1. singular first-person pronoun I

Mokilese

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Etymology

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From Proto-Micronesian *niu, from Proto-Oceanic *niuʀ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *niuʀ.

Noun

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ni

  1. coconut tree

Derived terms

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References

[edit]
[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

ni

  1. second person singular pronoun you
    Shí dóó ni ayóo ałk’is niidlį́.
    You and I are really good friends.
  2. second person singular possessive pronoun yours
    Díí naaltsoos éí ni.
    This book is yours.

Usage notes

[edit]

The verb in Navajo incorporates information about person, and many sentences may thus not have explicit independent pronouns. For instance:

  • Hooghandi naniná.
  • Ni éí hooghandi naniná.

Both sentences are grammatically complete, and mean essentially the same thing: you are at home. The verb naniná is in the second-person form, so the pronoun can be safely omitted, as in the first sentence. This is similar to pronoun dropping in other languages where the verb specifies person, such as Spanish. Meanwhile, the explicit use of ni in the second sentence emphasizes that the speaker is talking about you. This can be thought of as roughly equivalent to the use of emphasis in English: while the first sentence comes across as you're at home, the second one is more like you, you're at home.

See also

[edit]
Navajo personal pronouns
singular dual plural
1st person shí nihí danihí
2nd person ni nihí danihí
3rd person bí bí daabí
4th person (3a) hó hó daahó

Naxi

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ŋja.

Noun

[edit]

ni

  1. fish

Etymology 2

[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-ni-s.

Numeral

[edit]

ni

  1. two

References

[edit]
  • Naxi Dictionary by T.M. Pinson, Lijiang 2012

Ningil

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

ni

  1. water

References

[edit]
  • transnewguinea.org, citing D. C. Laycock, Languages of the Lumi Subdistrict (West Sepik District), New Guinea (1968), Oceanic Linguistics, 7 (1): 36-66 : /niː/
  • Margaret Manning, Naomi Saggers, A Tentative Phonemic Analysis of Ningil (SIL), in Phonologies of five Austronesian languages (Richard Loving, John M. Clifton; 1975) : /ni/

Norwegian Bokmål

[edit]
Norwegian Bokmål cardinal numbers
 <  8 9 10  > 
    Cardinal : ni
    Ordinal : niende

Etymology

[edit]

From Old Norse níu (whence also Danish ni, Icelandic níu, Faroese níggju and Swedish nio) from Proto-Germanic *newun, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥. Cognate with Gothic 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌽 (niun); Old English niġon (English nine); Old Frisian nigun (West Frisian njoggen); Old High German niun (German neun).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Numeral

[edit]

ni

  1. nine

Derived terms

[edit]
[edit]

References

[edit]

Norwegian Nynorsk

[edit]
Norwegian Nynorsk cardinal numbers
 <  8 9 10  > 
    Cardinal : ni
    Ordinal : niande

Alternative forms

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Old Norse níu.

Numeral

[edit]

ni

  1. nine

Derived terms

[edit]

References

[edit]

Nutabe

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

ni

  1. water

References

[edit]

Old Czech

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

ni

  1. dual accusative of oně

Old High German

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Germanic *ne.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Particle

[edit]

ni

  1. not

Derived terms

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]
  • Middle High German: ne
    • German: nee (dialectal)

Old Irish

[edit]

Particle

[edit]

ni

  1. Alternative spelling of ní

Omaha-Ponca

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Siouan *wa-rį́• (“water”).

Noun

[edit]

ni

  1. water

References

[edit]
  • Alice Cunningham Fletcher, Francis La Flesche, The Omaha Tribe (1970), page 166

Phalura

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

[edit]

Determiner

[edit]

ni (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling نیۡ)

  1. this (agr: prox fem / prox non-nom masc)

References

[edit]
  • Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “ni”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎[8], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Etymology 2

[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

[edit]

Determiner

[edit]

ni (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling نیۡ)

  1. these (agr: prox)

References

[edit]
  • Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “ni”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎[9], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Etymology 3

[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

ni (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling نیۡ)

  1. it
  2. she (prox fem nom)

References

[edit]
  • Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “ni”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎[10], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Etymology 4

[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

ni (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling نیۡ)

  1. they (prox nom)

References

[edit]
  • Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “ni”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎[11], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Polish

[edit]
Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Pronunciation

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ni.

Conjunction

[edit]

ni

  1. (archaic) Alternative form of ani
Derived terms
[edit]

Particle

[edit]

ni

  1. (dialectal) Alternative form of nie

Etymology 2

[edit]

See ny.

Noun

[edit]

ni n (indeclinable)

  1. Alternative form of ny

Further reading

[edit]
  • ni in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • ni in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek νῦ (nû).

Pronunciation

[edit]

  • Hyphenation: ni

Noun

[edit]

ni m (plural nis)

  1. nu (the thirteenth letter of the Greek alphabet)

Proto-Norse

[edit]

Romanization

[edit]

ni

  1. Romanization of ᚾᛁ

Rawang

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

ni

  1. to pour; to water.

Etymology 2

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

ni

  1. headhair.

Etymology 3

[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nəj. Cognate with Burmese နေ (ne) and နေ့ (ne.), Old Chinese 日 (*njiɡ).

Noun

[edit]

ni

  1. day (24 hour).
See also
[edit]

Romanian

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

Inherited from Latin.

Pronoun

[edit]

ni

  1. Alternative form of ne (dative of noi): to us
Usage notes
[edit]

This form is used when ne (which is dative) is combined with the following accusatives:

  • îl (the accusative of el, contracted as ni-l)
  • îi (the accusative of ei, contracted as ni-i)
  • le (the accusative of ele)
  • se (the reflexive accusative of all third-person pronouns)
See also
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

Borrowed from Hungarian ni.

Interjection

[edit]

ni

  1. (Transylvania) lo!, look!, behold!
    Ni la el! ― Look at him!

Samoan

[edit]

Article

[edit]

ni

  1. some (plural indefinite article)

Serbo-Croatian

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *ni (“nor, not”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *nej, from Proto-Indo-European *ney. Compare ni-, ne.

Particle

[edit]

ni (Cyrillic spelling ни)

  1. (emphasizes negation) even, either
    ni ja to ne znam — even I don't know that; I don't know that either
    Nisam ni htio čuti njegov prijedlog.
    I didn't even want to hear his proposal.

Conjunction

[edit]

ni (Cyrillic spelling ни)

  1. (shortening of niti) neither, nor
    ona nije ni pametna ni(ti) marljiva — she is neither smart nor industrious
    ni traga ni glasa o .. — not a trace about ..
    ni kriv ni dužan — completely innocent (lit. neither guilty nor indebted)

Sicilian

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

ni

  1. us, accusative of nuàutri
  2. us, dative of nuàutri
  3. us, reflexive of nuàutri

Inflection

[edit]
nominative nuàutri
prepositional nuàutri
accusative ni
dative ni
reflexive ni
possessive nostru

See also

[edit]

Slovene

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

ní

  1. negative third-person singular present of bíti

Spanish

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): /ˈni/ [ˈni]
  • Rhymes: -i
  • Syllabification: ni

Etymology 1

[edit]

From Old Spanish nin, from Latin nec, apocopated form of neque, from Proto-Indo-European *nekʷe (“and not, neither, nor”), from *ne (“not”) + *-kʷe (“and”). Compare Asturian and Galician nin, Catalan and French ni, Portuguese nem, Italian né, Dalmatian ne. Indo-European cognates include Gothic 𐌽𐌹𐌷 (nih) and Irish nach.

Conjunction

[edit]

ni

  1. (coordinating) neither... nor
    Antonym: o ... o
    No tengo ni dinero ni tiempo.
    I have neither money nor time.
    1. (with three or more referents) none of...
      Ni Juan, ni Pedro, ni Felipe te darán la razón.
      None of John, Peter, or Phillip will give you the reason.
  2. nor, or
    No descansa de día ni de noche.
    He doesn't rest during the day nor during the night.
Derived terms
[edit]

Adverb

[edit]

ni

  1. not even
    No descansaba ni por un minuto
    I didn't rest even for a minute.
    Ni yo sé qué significa esta palabra.
    Not even I know what this word means.
Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

ni f (plural níes)

  1. nu; the Greek letter Ν, ν
    Synonym: ny

Further reading

[edit]

Swahili

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

ni

  1. positive degree present and gnomic (all persons, numbers, and classes) of -wa (“to be”)

Swedish

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Since 1661, through rebracketing of the 2nd plural verb suffix -(e)n and the older pronoun I ("ye"), e.g. vissten I > visste ni (“did you know”). Compare Icelandic þér and þið which developed similarly.

The Old Swedish ī, īr derives from Old Norse *īʀ (East Norse variant of ér) from Proto-Germanic *jīz, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́. Compare Danish I.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

ni

  1. you (plural nominative)
    Du är bara en person, men ni där borta är fyra personer
    You are just one person, but you/you guys over there are four people
  2. you (second-person singular nominative formal) (capitalized Ni, rare in modern use)
    1. (obsolete) title used when addressing a person of lower social rank
      –Ni kan börja med att städa kontoret, fröken Andersson.
      –Javisst, Herr Direktör.
      –You can start with cleaning the office, miss Andersson.
      –Certainly, Mr. Director
    2. (colloquial, perceived formal, derogatory to some) by some considered a respectful alternative to du (“you”), especially when addressing customers or the elderly
      Vill ni ha en påse med köpet?
      Do you want a bag with your purchase?

Usage notes

[edit]

Both ni and er are second person plural forms, but can also be used as formal second person singular, as in the German Sie or French vous. It may sometimes also be capitalized (Ni, Er). The courteous "ni" was introduced in Swedish around the year 1900 as an alternative to the more complicated pattern of addressing others in the third person singular by their appropriate titles. This required knowledge of social status, occupation, educations, etc. with terms like fru (“Mrs.”) or fröken (“Ms.”), greve (“count”), kamrer (“accountant”), kandidat (“bachelor's degree holder”), etc. However this "ni-reform" was not well liked and when authority came to use the word ni to their subordinates the word got a condescending undertone. Interestingly enough the older I, from which ni was originally formed, was used alongside ni all along (and is still in use in some dialects) but never got the condescending undertone that ni got. This was all phased out gradually during the 1960s and 1970s in the so-called du-reformen, (“the you-reform”). In contemporary Swedish, du is universal and may be used to address anyone, regardless of differences in social status or age.

Ni is used occasionally by younger speakers to address customers in order to be formal and polite. However this is often seen as being overly formal and too contrived, even condescending and insulting, especially by older speakers. Formality and politeness in modern Swedish is not conveyed through specific grammatical forms, but primarily done through indirectness, manners of speaking or various other behaviors.

Declension

[edit]
Swedish personal pronouns
Number Person Type Nominative Oblique Possessive
common neuter plural
singular first — jag mig, mej3 min mitt mina
second — du dig, dej3 din ditt dina
third masculine (person) han honom, han2, en5 hans
feminine (person) hon henne, na5 hennes
gender-neutral (person)1 hen hen, henom7 hens
common (noun) den den dess
neuter (noun) det det dess
indefinite man or en4 en ens
reflexive — sig, sej3 sin sitt sina
plural first — vi oss vår, våran2 vårt, vårat2 våra
second — ni er er, eran2, ers6 ert, erat2 era
archaic I eder eder, eders6 edert edra
third — de, dom3 dem, dom3 deras
reflexive — sig, sej3 sin sitt sina
1Neologism. Usage has increased since 2010, though it remains limited.
2Informal
4Dialectal, also used lately as an alternative to man, to avoid association to the male gender.
5Informal, somewhat dialectal
6Formal address
7Discouraged by the Swedish Language Council

Synonyms

[edit]

References

[edit]

Anagrams

[edit]

Tagalog

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

From Proto-Austronesian *ni (“marker of possession”).

Preposition

[edit]

ni (plural nina, Baybayin spelling ᜈᜒ)

  1. of; possessive particle, used only with personal names
    bisikleta ni Juan ― Juan's bicycle
  2. objective marker for personal names, objective form of si; functional equivalent of ng
Derived terms
[edit]
See also
[edit]
Tagalog markers
Direct (ang) Indirect (ng) Oblique (sa)
Common Singular ang ng sa
Plural ang mga ng mga sa mga
Personal Singular si ni kay
Plural / Polite sina nina kina

Etymology 2

[edit]

Borrowed from Spanish ni (“not even”), from Old Spanish nin, from Latin nec, apocopated form of neque.

Conjunction

[edit]

ni (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜒ)

  1. neither; nor
    Ni ako hindi nagsisigarilyo. ― Even I don't do cigarettes.
    Ni aso ni pusa. ― Neither dog nor cat.
[edit]

See also

[edit]

Adverb

[edit]

ni (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜒ)

  1. not even
    Synonym: ni ultimo
    Hindi ako humingi ni isang butil ng bigas. ― I didn't ask not even for a single grain of rice.

Anagrams

[edit]

Tarifit

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

[edit]
This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Verb

[edit]

ni (Tifinagh spelling ⵏⵉ)

  1. (intransitive) to mount (on an animal)
  2. (intransitive) to get into, to board, to embark (a vehicle)

Conjugation

[edit]

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms

[edit]
  • Verbal noun: tnaya (“mounting, boarding”)
  • Causative: sni (“to make board”)
  • tnaya (“transport”)
  • amnay (“rider; cavalier, knight”)

Tokelauan

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): [ni]
  • Hyphenation: ni

Etymology 1

[edit]

From Proto-Nuclear Polynesian *ni. Cognates include Tuvaluan ni and Samoan ni.

Article

[edit]

ni

  1. Plural indefinite article; any
See also
[edit]
Tokelauan articles
Impersonal
singular plural
Definite te nā
Indefinite he ni
Personal
Nominal Pronominal
Simple ia
After i/ki a a te
After mai ia te

Etymology 2

[edit]

Particle

[edit]

ni

  1. Changes a statement into a polite question; isn't it? doesn't it?

References

[edit]
  • R. Simona, editor (1986), Tokelau Dictionary‎[12], Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 250

Unami

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

ni

  1. I

Ura (Vanuatu)

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

ni

  1. tree

Further reading

[edit]
  • Terry Crowley, Ura: A Disappearing Language of Southern Vanuatu (1999)

Uzbek

[edit]

Particle

[edit]
Other scripts
Yangi Imlo
Cyrillic ни‍
Latin ‍
Perso-Arabic
(Afghanistan)

ni

  1. accusative case marker; placed after the direct object of a transitive verb
    Men O'zbek tilini o'rganyapman.
    I am studying Uzbek.

Veps

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Borrowed from Russian ни (ni).

Determiner

[edit]

ni

  1. not, not a, no

Inflection

[edit]

Not inflected.

Conjunction

[edit]

ni ... ni

  1. neither ... nor

References

[edit]
  • Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “ни”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎[13], Petrozavodsk: Periodika

Vietnamese

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

See này.

This is one of many cases in which monophthongs were not diphthongized in Central Vietnamese, compare mày vs. mi, chấy vs. chí, nước vs. nác.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Determiner

[edit]

ni

  1. (Central Vietnam) this

Adverb

[edit]

ni

  1. (Central Vietnam) now

See also

[edit]
Vietnamese demonstratives
Proximal
(*-iː) 		Distal 1
(*-iːʔ) 		Distal 2
(*-əːʔ) 		Distal 3/
Remote
(*-ɔːʔ) 		Interrogative
(rime was a rounded
back vowel)
Place, attributive1
n- 		ni
nì
này/nầy
nây 		nấy nớ nọ
(nó) 		nào
Place, nominal2
đ- 		đây đấy
(ấy) 		— đó đâu
Manner
r- 		ri
rày 		— rứa — ru
sao3
Extent 14
b- 		bây bấy — — bao
Extent 25
v- 		vầy vậy — — —
1 Originally can only follow a nominal (being used attributively), hence nơi này (“this place; here”), nơi nào (“where”) (no longer completely true in the modern language).
2 Can be used on its own/is itself nominal, hence đây (“here”), đâu (“where”).
3 From earlier *C-raːw (where *C is nonspecific consonant).
4 Placed before the head: bây nhiêu (“this much”), bấy nhiêu (“that much”), bao nhiêu (“how much”).
5 Placed after the head: nhanh vầy (“this fast”), nhanh vậy (“that fast/so fast”).
Visibility/evidentiality6
Distal
(ngang) 		Remote
(huyền)
Northern-Southern kia
(cơ) 		kìa
(cờ)
Central tê tề
6 Originally, these demonstratives might have been used to assert that something is visible and/or verifiable. They have been bleached quite thoroughly and currently are usually used like other distal demonstratives. The biggest trace of their evidentiality might be in their usage as final particles, often in reduced forms cơ/cờ: [t]ừ đấy về tới Hà Nội, còn những ba cái cầu nữa cơ mà! ("From there to Hanoi, there're still three more bridges to cross!") (Ba ngày luân lạc, 1943).


Anagrams

[edit]

Welsh

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

From Proto-Brythonic *ni, from Proto-Celtic *snīs.

Pronoun

[edit]

ni

  1. us; we

Etymology 2

[edit]

From Proto-Celtic *nīs, from Proto-Indo-European *ne h₁ésti (“is not”).

Adverb

[edit]

ni (triggers mixed mutation)

  1. (literary) not
    • 2004, Beibl Cymraeg Newydd Diwygiedig‎[14], Cymdeithas y Beibl, Genesis 21:26:
      Dywedodd Abimelech, “Ni wn i ddim pwy a wnaeth hyn; ni ddywedaist wrthyf, ac ni chlywais i sôn am y peth cyn heddiw.”
      Abimelech said, “I do not know who has done this; you did not tell me, and I did not hear anything about it until today.”
Usage notes
[edit]
  • Triggers mixed mutation (i.e. aspirate of p, t, c and soft of remaining mutatable letters) of a following consonant.
  • The form nid is used before a vowel. When the following consonant is g, which disappears under soft mutation, the form ni remains, thus ni + gwn becomes ni wn, not *nid wn.
  • In literary registers, dim (“anything”) may be added (as ddim, with soft mutation) for emphasis, so ni chlywais i ddim may mean either “I did not hear anything” or simply “I did not hear”. In the colloquial language, ni is omitted but the mixed mutation remains, giving chlywais i ddim (“I didn't hear”).[1]
See also
[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Gareth King, editor (2000), “ni”, in Pocket Modern Oxford Welsh Dictionary: Welsh-English, Oxford University Press, →ISBN

West Makian

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

ni (possessive prefix ni)

  1. second-person singular pronoun, you

See also

[edit]
West Makian personal pronouns
independent possessive prefix
1st person singular de ti
2nd person singular ni ni
3rd person singular me mVan., dVinan.
1st person plural inclusive ene nV
1st person plural exclusive imi mi
2nd person plural ini fi
3rd person plural eme di

References

[edit]
  • Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎[15], Pacific linguistics

Wutunhua

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Mandarin 你 (nǐ).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

ni

  1. you (second-person subject pronoun)

See also

[edit]
Wutunhua personal pronouns
singular paucal collective
subjective objective
First person ngu nga ngu-jhege nga-mu
Second person ni nia ni-jhege ni-mu
Third person gu gu-jhege gu-mu

Yil

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

ni

  1. water

References

[edit]
  • transnewguinea.org, citing D. C. Laycock, Languages of the Lumi Subdistrict (West Sepik District), New Guinea (1968), Oceanic Linguistics, 7 (1): 36-66 : /niː/
  • A Tentative Phonemic Statement in Yil in West Sepik Province, in Phonologies of five Austronesian languages (Richard Loving, John M. Clifton; 1975) : /ni/

Yoruba

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA(key): /nĩ́/

Noun

[edit]

ní

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter N/n.
See also
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA(key): /nĩ́/

Verb

[edit]

ní

  1. (transitive) to have

Etymology 3

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA(key): /nĩ́/

Preposition

[edit]

ní

  1. at, in (used when no movement is implied)
  2. preposition used for creating adverbials
Derived terms
[edit]
See also
[edit]

Etymology 4

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Pronunciation

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IPA(key): /nĩ́/

Verb

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ní

  1. (intransitive) to say
See also
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Etymology 5

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Pronunciation

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IPA(key): /nĩ̄/

Verb

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ni

  1. (transitive) to be (to have a quality or identification)
Usage notes
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This verb cannot be used with regular subject pronouns such as mo or ó, and emphatic subject pronouns must be used in their place. This verb is also often used in a flipped structure where the quality or identification becomes the grammatical subject of the verb while an object pronoun is used for the actual subject of the sentence.

  1. Òun ni ọ̀rẹ́ mi. – He is my friend. (uses the emphatic pronoun òun instead of ó)
  2. Ṣé ọmọ Yorùbá ni yín? – Are you Yoruba? (Ọmọ Yorùbá becomes the subject of ni while "you" becomes the object pronoun yín)
See also
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Etymology 6

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Pronunciation

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IPA(key): /nĩ̄/

  1. (intransitive) to be bloated, to be tumid

Derived terms

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Zou

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Etymology 1

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Ni.

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *nii, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nəj. Cognates include Northern Min 日 (nì) and Burmese နေ (ne).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ni

  1. sun

Etymology 2

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Zou cardinal numbers
 <  1 2 3  > 
    Cardinal : ni

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *ni, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-ni-s. Cognates include Northern Min 二 (nī) and Tibetan གཉིས (gnyis).

Pronunciation

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Numeral

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ni

  1. two

References

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  • Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 40

Zulu

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Etymology 1

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Adjective

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-ni?

  1. what (kind of)
Inflection
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Enumerative concord, tone H
Modifier
Class 1 muni
Class 2 bani
Class 3 muni
Class 4 mini
Class 5 lini
Class 6 mani
Class 7 sini
Class 8 zini
Class 9 yini
Class 10 zini
Class 11 luni
Class 14 buni
Class 15 kuni
Class 17 kuni

Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronoun

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-ni

  1. Combining stem of nina.

References

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