aurum

See also: Aurum

English

Etymology

From Latin aurum (“gold”). Doublet of or.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈɔː.ɹəm/
• (US, Canada) IPA^(key): /ˈo.ɹəm/

• Audio (Midwestern, US); /ˈɑ.ɹəm/:

  (file)

• (General Australian, New Zealand) IPA^(key): /ˈoː.ɹəm/
• Rhymes: -ɔːɹəm

Noun

aurum (uncountable)

1. Gold (used in the names of various substances, see "Derived terms").
2. A sweet, orange-flavored Italian liqueur.

Related terms

• aurum fulminans
• aurum mosacium
• aurum musivum

Descendants

• → Malay: aurum

Latin

Chemical element
Au
Previous: platinum (Pt)
Next: hydrargyrum (Hg)

Alternative forms

• ausum (archaic)
• ōrum
• ☉ (alchemy)

Etymology

Rhoticization of Old Latin ausum, from Proto-Italic *auzom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éws-o-m (or less likely *h₂é-h₂us-om) (“gold”), from *h₂ews- (“to dawn, become light, become red”). Cognate with Lithuanian áuksas, Old Lithuanian ausas, Old Prussian ausis, Tocharian A wäs, Tocharian B yasā.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈau̯.rum/, [ˈäu̯rʊ̃ˑ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈau̯.rum/, [ˈäːu̯rum]

Noun

aurum n (genitive aurī); second declension

1. gold (as mineral or metal)
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.138-139:

     Cui pharetrā ex aurō, crīnēs nōdantur in aurum,
     aurea purpuream subnectit fībula vestem.

     [Dido appears,] with her gold quiver, her tresses knotted into a gold [clasp], [and] a gold buckle fastens her purple gown.
     (See also: aurea. Cf. 4.134: Dido’s horse likewise is ornamented “aurō”.)

2. gold (colour)
3. any object made of gold, such as a gold coin or a gold ring
4. lustre
5. a Golden Age

Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter), singular only.

	singular
nominative	aurum
genitive	aurī
dative	aurō
accusative	aurum
ablative	aurō
vocative	aurum

Synonyms

• (the metal gold): chrȳsos

Derived terms

• aurārius
• aurea pellis
• aurēscō
• aureus
• auricoctor
• auricolor
• auricomāns
• auricomus
• aurifer
• aurifex
• aurifluus
• aurifodīna
• aurifrigium
• aurigāns
• aurigena
• auriger
• aurilegulus
• auripigmentum
• aurivestrix
• aurō
• aurōclāvus
• aurōsus
• aurūgō
• aurulentus

Related terms

• aura
• aurāria
• aurāta
• aurātilis
• aurātūra
• aurātus
• aureātus
• Aurēlia
• Aurēlius
• aureolus
• aurificīna
• aurificium
• aurūgineus
• aurūginō
• aurūginōsus

Descendants

• Balkano-Romance:
  • Aromanian: avru
  • Istro-Romanian: aur
  • Romanian: aur
• Italo-Dalmatian:
  • Corsican: oru
  • Dalmatian: jaur, yaur, uar, vuar, iuar
  • Italian: oro
    • → Esperanto: oro
    • → Sardinian: oru, oro
  • Neapolitan: oro
  • Sicilian: oru, àuru
  • Venetan: oro
• Rhaeto-Romance:
  • Friulian: aur
  • Ladin: or
  • Romansch: aur, or, ôr
• Gallo-Italic:
  • Emilian: òr, ôr
  • Ligurian: öo
  • Lombard: òr
  • Piedmontese: òr
  • Romagnol: or
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Franco-Provençal: or, eu, eur, ouâ
  • Occitan: aur
  • Old Catalan: or, aur
    • Catalan: or
  • Old French: or
    • Middle French: or, aur (alternate Latinized spelling)
      • French: or
        • Haitian Creole: lò
      • → English: or
    • Walloon: ôr
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Aragonese: oro
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: ouro
    • Fala: oiru
    • Galician: ouro
    • Portuguese: ouro (see there for further descendants)
  • Old Leonese:
    • Asturian: oru
    • Extremaduran: oru
    • Leonese: ouru, oru
    • Mirandese: ouro
  • Old Spanish: oro
    • Ladino: oro
    • Spanish: oro
• Borrowings:
  • Ancient:
    • → Albanian: ar
    • → Old Irish: ór
      • Irish: ór
      • Manx: airh
      • Scottish Gaelic: òr
    • → Proto-Brythonic: *awr
      • Breton: aour
      • Old Cornish: our
        • Cornish: owr
      • Old Welsh: our
        • Welsh: awr
        • Middle Welsh: eur (probably < Latin aureus)
          • Welsh: aur
  • Later:
    • → English: aurum
    • → Italian: auro, auro-

References

• De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 63

Further reading

• “aurum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “aurum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "aurum", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• aurum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• “aurum”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “aurum”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

Malay

Chemical element
Au
Previous: platinum (Pt)
Next: perak cergas (Hg)

Etymology

Borrowed from English aurum, from Latin aurum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [aurom], [aurəm], [ɔrum], [aurum]
• Rhymes: -urum, -rum, -um

Noun

aurum (Jawi spelling اٴوروم, informal 1st possessive aurumku, 2nd possessive aurummu, 3rd possessive aurumnya)

1. gold (element)

Synonyms

• emas / امس
• kencana / کنچان

Old Norse

Etymology

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

aurum

1. dative plural of eyrir