aver

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See also: avér, avēr, avêr, avër, and a ver

English

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WOTD – 30 April 2021

Etymology 1

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From Middle English averren,[1] from Old French averer, from Early Medieval Latin advērō, a verb derived from Latin vērus (“true”). Compare Modern French avérer.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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aver (third-person singular simple present avers, present participle averring or (obsolete) avering, simple past and past participle averred or (obsolete) avered)

  1. (transitive, intransitive) To assert the truth of (something); to affirm (something) with confidence; to declare (something) in a positive manner.
    • 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Causes of Heroicall Loue, Temperature, Full Diet, Idlenesse, Place, Climat, &c.”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 3, section 2, member 2, subsection 1, page 209:
      A rare thing to ſee a yong man or woman, that liues idlely, and fares well, of what condition ſoeuer, not to bee in loue. Vbicumqꝫ ſecuritas, ibi libido dominatur, luſt & ſecurity domineere together, as St Hierome auerreth.
    • 1660, Samuel Fisher, “[Rusticus ad Academicos in Exercitationibus Expostulatoriis, Apologeticis Quatuor. The Rustick’s Alarm to the Rabbies: Or, The Country Correcting the University and Clergy, and (Not without Good Cause) Contesting for the Truth, against the Nursing Mothers and Their Children. In Four Apologetical and Expostulatory Exercitations; [...]] The Third Apologetical, and Expostulatory Exercitation”, in The Testimony of Truth Exalted, […], [London?]: [s.n.], published 1679, →OCLC, chapter I, page 411:
      Now as to the Scriptures being the Word of God, and evidently known to be ſo, or evidencing themſelves to be ſo, and that of right, and properly they are to be ſo called; all which thou J. O. very abſolutely averreſt, […]
    • 1662 (indicated as 1663), [Samuel Butler], “[The First Part of Hudibras]. Canto II.”, in Hudibras. The First and Second Parts. […], London: […] John Martyn and Henry Herringman, […], published 1678, →OCLC; republished in A[lfred] R[ayney] Waller, editor, Hudibras: Written in the Time of the Late Wars, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1905, →OCLC, page 31:
      Chiron, the four-legg'd Bard, had both / A Beard and Tail of his own growth; / And yet by Authors 'tis averr'd, / He made use onely of his Beard.
    • 1701, Lawrence Smith, “[First Discourse on 2 Timothy 1:10]”, in The Evidence of Things Not Seen: Or, The Immortality of the Human Soul, and the Separate Condition thereof in the Other World, Asserted and Made Manifest: […], London: […] Thomas Speed, […], →OCLC, page 1:
      [T]he partial Infidel […] averreth the Sleep or Inſenſibility of the Soul both in good and bad perſons, from the time of their Deceaſe hence until their Reſurrection; […]
    • 1819, Miching Mallecho [pseudonym; Percy Bysshe Shelley], “Peter Bell the Third”, in [Mary] Shelley, editor, The Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley. […], new edition, London: Edward Moxon […], published 1840, →OCLC, part the second (The Devil), stanza 1, page 239:
      The Devil, I safely can aver, / Has neither hoof, nor tail, nor sting; / Nor is he, as some sages swear, / A spirit, neither here nor there, / In nothing—yet in everything.
    • 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “Cetology”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 156:
      An Irish author avers that the Earl of Leicester, on bended knees, did likewise present to her highness another horn, pertaining to a land beast of the unicorn nature.
    • 1939 August 25, “Ding-Dong! The Witch Is Dead”, in Yip Harburg (lyrics), Harold Arlen (music), The Wizard of Oz (soundtrack), Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer:
      As Coroner, I must aver, I thoroughly examined her. / And she's not only merely dead, she's really most sincerely dead.
    • 1997, Frederick W. Case, Jr., Roberta B. Case, “The North American Trilliums”, in Trilliums, Portland, Or.: Timber Press, →ISBN, page 109:
      Horticulturalist Richard Lighty has a form [of Trillium grandiflorum] that he avers to open almost a cerise-red.
    • 2007 July 26, European Court of Human Rights (Fifth Section), Peev v. Bulgaria (Application no. 64209/01)‎[1], Strasbourg, paragraph 19:
      In the meantime, on 5 June 2000, the applicant had brought a civil action against the Prosecutor's Office. He alleged that the termination of his contract had been unlawful and sought reinstatement and compensation for loss of salary. He averred, inter alia, that the climate in the Supreme Cassation Prosecutor's Office had deteriorated as a result of the actions of the Chief Prosecutor.
    • 2019 April 14, Alex McLevy, “Winter is Here on Game of Thrones’ Final Season Premiere (Newbies)”, in The A.V. Club‎[2], archived from the original on 18 December 2020:
      [W]hen Yara tells him he picked the losing side, he avers that he might just as soon head back to the Iron Islands—"But first, I'm gonna fuck the queen" [...]
  2. (transitive, intransitive, law) To justify or prove (an allegation or plea that one has made).
  3. (transitive, obsolete) To avouch, prove, or verify the existence or happening of (something), or to offer to do so.
    • 1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene v], page 396, column 2:
      […] I return'd with ſimular proofe enough, / To make the Noble Leonatus mad, / By wounding his beleefe in her Renowne, / With tokens thus, and thus: auerring notes / Of Chamber-hanging, Pictures, this her Bracelet / (Oh cunning how I got) nay ſome markes / Of ſecret on her perſon, that he could not / But thinke her bond of Chaſtity quite crack'd, / I hauing tane the forfeyt.
    • 1641 May, John Milton, Of Reformation Touching Church-Discipline in England: And the Cavvses that hitherto have Hindred it; republished as Will Taliaferro Hale, editor, Of Reformation Touching Church-Discipline in England (Yale Studies in English; LIV), New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1916, →OCLC, 2nd book, pages 46–47:
      Upon a time the Body summon'd all the Members to meet in the Guild for the common good (as Aesops Chronicles averre many stranger Accidents) the head by right takes the first seat, and next to it a huge and monstrous Wen little lesse than the Head it selfe, growing to it by a narrower excrescency.
    • 1841 December, R[ichard] R[obert] Madden, “Address on Slavery in Cuba, Presented to the General Anti-slavery Convention”, in The Churchman’s Monthly Review, London: R. B. Seeley and W. Burnside; and sold by L. and G. Seeley, […], →OCLC, page 705:
      [A]lthough thou averrest this, and averrest it truly, we are nevertheless constrained to plead guilty to the possession of so much of this sensibility [a refusal to hear details] (call it "sickly" if thou wilt) as that they case once proved, our feeling of duty refuses to sustain us any longer against that combined and overwhelming influence of shattered nerves and a sickened heart.
Conjugation
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Conjugation of aver
infinitive (to) aver
present tense past tense
1st-person singular aver averred
2nd-person singular aver, averrest† averred, averredst†
3rd-person singular avers, averreth† averred
plural aver
subjunctive aver averred
imperative aver —
participles averring averred

†Archaic or obsolete.

Synonyms
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  • (assert the truth): swear
Derived terms
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Translations
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Etymology 2

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From Middle English aver, avere (“workhorse; any beast of burden (?); things which are owned, possessions, property, wealth; state of being rich, wealth; ownership, possession”) [and other forms],[2][3] and then either:

Pronunciation

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Noun

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aver (plural avers)

  1. (British, dialectal, archaic) A beast of burden; chiefly a workhorse, but also a working ox or other animal.
  2. (Northern England, Scotland, dialectal, archaic) An old, useless horse; a nag.

References

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  1. ^ “averren, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 “āver, n.(1)”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
  3. ^ “avēr, n.(2)”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
  4. ^ “aver, n.”, in OED Online Paid subscription required⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, March 2021.

Anagrams

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Franco-Provençal

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Verb

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aver (Old Dauphinois)

  1. Alternative form of avêr (“to have”)

References

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Italian

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Alternative forms

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  • haver (obsolete spelling)

Verb

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aver (apocopated)

  1. Apocopic form of avere

Anagrams

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Ladino

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Etymology

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From Old Spanish aver, from Latin habēre, present active infinitive of habeō (“hold, have”).

Verb

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aver (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling אביר)

  1. to have
  2. (impersonal, in third person singular only) to exist; “there is”, “there are” (ay); “there was”, “there were” (avia)

Middle English

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Etymology

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From Old French aver, aveir, avoir (“possession, property; (collectively) beasts of burden; domestic animals; cattle”) (modern French avoir (“asset, possession”)), from aveir, avoir (“to have”), from Latin habēre,[1] the present active infinitive of habeō (“to have, hold; to have, own (possessions)”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₁bʰ-, *ǵʰeh₁bʰ- (“to grab, take”). Cognate with Middle French avoir, Norman aver, aveir.

Noun

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aver (plural avers)

  1. Belongings, possessions, property, wealth.

References

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  1. ^ “avēr, n.(2)”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Norman

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Old French aveir, archaic form of avoir, from Latin habēre, present active infinitive of habeō (“have, hold, possess”).

Verb

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aver

  1. (Jersey, alternative form in Guernsey) to have

Conjugation

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    Jersey Norman - Conjugation
infinitive aver
gerund ayant
auxiliary aver
past participle masculine feminine
singular ieu —
plural — —
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative jé (j') tu (tu') il (i'),
oulle (ou) 		jé (j') ous (ou) il' (i')
present ai as a avons avez ont
imperfect avais avais avait avions aviez avaient
preterite eus eus eut eûnmes eûtes eûtent
future éthai éthas étha éthons éthez éthont
conditional éthais éthais éthait éthions éthiez éthaient
subjunctive qué j' qué tu' qu'il,
qu'oulle 		qué j' qu'ous qu'il'
present aie aies ait ayons ayiz aient
imperfect eûsse eûsses eûsse eûssions eûssyiz or eûssiez eûssent
imperative — tu' — j' ous —
affirmative ai ayons ayiz or ayez

Derived terms

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Occitan

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Etymology

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From Old Occitan aver, haver, from Latin habēre, present active infinitive of habeō (“to have, hold, keep”). Cognate with French avoir, Italian avere, Portuguese haver, Romanian avea, avere, and Sardinian (Campidanese airi, Logudorese àere), Spanish haber, and English aver (borrowed via Old French).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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aver

  1. to have; to possess
    Synonym: possedir
  2. (auxiliary) to have

Conjugation

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    Lengadocian (Central Occitan)
simple compound
infinitive aver aver agut
gerund avent use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle agut —
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ieu tu el nosautres vosautres eles
present ai as a avèm avètz an
imperfect aviái aviás aviá aviam aviatz avián
preterite aguèri aguères aguèt aguèrem aguèretz aguèron
future aurai auràs aurà aurem auretz auràn
conditional auriái auriás auriá auriam auriatz aurián
conditional 2nd form1 aguèra aguèras aguèra agueram agueratz aguèran
compound
tenses 		present perfect use the present tense of aver + past participle
pluperfect use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
past anterior use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
future perfect use the future tense of aver + past participle
conditional perfect use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive que ieu que tu que el que nosautres que vosautres que eles
present aja ajas aja ajam ajatz ajan
imperfect aguèsse aguèsses aguèsse aguèssem aguèssetz aguèsson
compound
tenses 		past use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
pluperfect use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative — tu — nosautres vosautres —
aja ajam ajatz 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

Derived terms

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Old French

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Verb

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aver

  1. Alternative form of avoir

Noun

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aver oblique singular, m (oblique plural avers, nominative singular avers, nominative plural aver)

  1. Alternative form of avoir
    • c. 1150, Thomas d'Angleterre, Le Roman de Tristan, Champion Classiques edition, →ISBN, page 216, line 2832:
      de ses avers li volt mustrer.
      he wants to show his possessions to her.

Old Galician-Portuguese

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited from Latin habēre (“to have, to hold, to possess”). Cognate with Old Spanish and Old Occitan aver, Old French aveir.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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aver

  1. to have
    Pedro a duas filhas.
    Pedro has two daughters.
  2. to exist

Conjugation

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The template Template:roa-opt-conj (aver) does not use the parameter(s): 
1=
2=haver
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.

    Conjugation of aver (irregular)
infinitive simple aver
compound infinitive of aver + past participle
gerund simple avendo
compound gerund of aver + past participle
past participle1 singular plural
masculine avudo, avido avudos, avidos
feminine avuda, avida avudas, avidas
present participle avente aventes
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative mood eu
ei 		tu el~ele
ela
vossa mercee 		nos
nos outros
nos outras 		vos
vos outras
vos outros 		eles
elas
simple
tenses 		present ei, aio ás á, ai avemos avedes an
imperfect avia avias avia aviamos, avíamos aviades, avíades avian
preterite ouve, oue ouveste, ouviste, *ouvesche, ouvische, *ouveche, *ouviche ouve, ouvo, *oue ouvemos ouvestes ouveron
pluperfect ouvera ouveras ouvera, oera ouveramos, ouvéramos ouverades, ouvérades ouveran
future averei averás averá averemos averedes averán
conditional averia averias averia averiamos, averíamos averiades, averíades averian
compound
tenses 		present perfect present of aver + past participle
present imperfect imperfect of aver + past participle
past anterior preterite of aver + past participle
pluperfect simple pluperfect of aver + past participle
future perfect future of aver + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of aver + past participle
subjunctive mood eu
ei 		tu el~ele
ela
vossa mercee 		nos
nos outros
nos outras 		vos
vos outros
vos outras 		eles
elas
simple
tenses 		present aja ajas aja ajamos ajades ajan
preterite ouvesse ouvesses ouvesse ouvéssemos ouvéssedes ouvessen
future ouver, oer ouveres ouver, oer, ouer ouvermos, ouermos ouverdes ouveren, oueren
compound
tenses 		present perfect present subjunctive of aver + past participle
pluperfect preterite subjunctive of aver + past participle
future perfect future subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative mood — tu vossa mercee nos
nos outros
nos outras 		vos
vos outros
vos outras 		—
affirmative — ave, ávi *aja ajamos avede —
negative — non *ajas non *aja non ajamos non ajades —
personal infinitive eu
ei 		tu el~ele
ela
vossa mercee 		nos
nos outros
nos outras 		vos
vos outros
vos outras 		eles
elas
aver averes aver avermos averdes averen

Descendants

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  • Galician: haber
  • Portuguese: haver

Further reading

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Old Occitan

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Latin habēre, present active infinitive of habeō (“to have, hold, keep”). Cognate with Old French avoir, aver, aveir, avoyr, Old Sardinian avere, and Old Spanish aver.

Verb

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aver

  1. to have; to possess

Descendants

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Old Spanish

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Etymology

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From Latin habēre, present active infinitive of habeō (“to have, hold, keep”). Cognate with Old French avoir, aver, aveir, avoyr, and Old Occitan aver, haver.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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aver

  1. to have
    Pedro ha dos fijas.
    Pedro has two daughters.

Descendants

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Portuguese

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Verb

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aver (first-person singular present indicative ei, past participle avido)

  1. Obsolete spelling of haver.

Conjugation

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This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Noun

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aver m (plural averes)

  1. Obsolete spelling of haver.

Romani

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀅𑀯𑀭 (avara), from Sanskrit अपर (apara).

Adjective

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aver

  1. other

References

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  • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ápara”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 20
  • Boretzky, Norbert, Igla, Birgit (1994) “avér”, in Wörterbuch Romani-Deutsch-Englisch für den südosteuropäischen Raum : mit einer Grammatik der Dialektvarianten (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 14
  • Marcel Courthiade (2009) “aver B-ćham: -e”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor, Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram : cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög (overall work in Hungarian and English), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher, →ISBN, page 68

Spanish

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Verb

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aver

  1. Obsolete spelling of haber.

Venetan

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Latin habēre, present active infinitive of habeō.

Verb

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aver

  1. (transitive) to have
  2. (transitive) to possess

Conjugation

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  • Venetan conjugation varies from one region to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of aver (irregular)
infinitive aver
auxiliary verb aver gerund avéndo
past participle vùo, avudo, vudo, vù
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative mi ti eło / eła noialtri / noialtre voialtri / voialtre łuri / łore
present go, ò (te) ghè, (te) ga (el/ła) ga, (el/ła) à avémo, gavémo, òn, avòn avì (i/łe) ga, (i/łe) à
imperfect avéa, gavéa (te) avivi, (te) avevi (el/ła) avéa, (el/ła) gavéa avévimo avivi, avevi (i/łe) avéa, (i/łe) gavéa
future avarò (te) avarè (el/ła) avarà avarémo, avaròn avarè (i/łe) avarà
conditional mi ti eło / eła noialtri / noialtre voialtri / voialtre łuri / łore
present avarìa, averàve, gavaria (te) avarisi (el/ła) avarìa, (el/ła) averàve, (el/ła) gavaria avarìsimo avarisi (i/łe) avarìa, (i/łe) averàve, (i/łe) gavaria
subjunctive che mi che ti che eło / eła che noialtri / noialtre che voialtri / voialtre che łuri / łore
present abia (te) abi (el/ła) abia avémo avì (i/łe) abia
imperfect avése (te) avisi (el/ła) avése avésimo avisi (i/łe) avése
imperative — ti eło / eła noialtri / noialtre voialtri / voialtre łuri / łore
— (te) abi (el/ła) abia avémo avì (i/łe) abia

References

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  • Silvano Belloni (2009) Grammatica Veneta‎[3] (in Italian), Esedra Editrice, →ISBN, page 75
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