aku

See also: akū, Aku, Akụ, āku, āķu, and a'kü

Languages (32)

Banjarese • Brooke's Point Palawano • Estonian • Greenlandic • Guaraní • Hadza • Hawaiian • Iban • Indonesian • Japanese • Jarai • Javanese • Kabishiana • Kapampangan • Karo Batak • Latvian • Malay • Maori • Mbyá Guaraní • Mmen • Mori Bawah • Moronene • Nupe • Old Javanese • Quechua • Sasak • Tagal Murut • Tausug • Ternate • Tokelauan • Totoli

Page categories

Translingual

Symbol

aku

(international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Akum.

Banjarese

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

Pronoun

aku

I (personal pronoun)
me (direct object of a verb)
me (object of a preposition)
me (indirect object of a verb)
my (belonging to me)

Brooke's Point Palawano

Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *ʔakúʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)aku, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)aku.

Pronoun

aku

I (personal pronoun)

Estonian

Etymology

A reduction of akumulaator, ultimately from Latin accumulātor.

Noun

aku (genitive aku, partitive akut)

battery, cell, accumulator

Declension

Declension of aku (ÕS type 16/pere, no gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		aku	akud
accusative	nom.	aku
accusative	gen.	aku
genitive		aku	akude
partitive		akut	akusid
illative		akku akusse	akudesse
inessive		akus	akudes
elative		akust	akudest
allative		akule	akudele
adessive		akul	akudel
ablative		akult	akudelt
translative		akuks	akudeks
terminative		akuni	akudeni
essive		akuna	akudena
abessive		akuta	akudeta
comitative		akuga	akudega

Greenlandic

Etymology

From Proto-Inuit *aku- (“interval, to mix”), from Proto-Eskimo *akuv- (“between, to mix”). Compare akunneq (“interval”) and akulaaq (“crotch”).

Pronunciation

(Nuuk) IPA^(key): /aku/, [a.kʊ]

Noun

aku (plural akut)

ingredient
estuary, mouth of a river

Declension

Declension of aku (type illu)


case	singular	plural
Absolutive	aku	akut
Ergative	akup	akut
Instrumental	akumik	akunik
Allative	akumut	akunut
Ablative	akumit	akunit
Locative	akumi	akuni
Prolative	akukkut	akutigut
Equative	akutut

First-person singular declension of akuga (type illu)


case	singular	plural
Absolutive	akuga	akukka
Ergative	akuma
Instrumental	akunnik
Allative	akunnut
Ablative	akunnit
Locative	akunni
Prolative	akukkut
Equative	akuttut

Guaraní

Adjective

aku

hot

Hadza

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʔaku/

Determiner

aku

what kind?, which?

Related terms

akwaza (“who?”)
akwia (“what?”)

Hawaiian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈa.ku/, [ˈɐ.ku]

Noun

aku

bonito, skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis)

Particle

aku

direction away from the speaker, away
soon, later, earlier, last (week, year, etc.)

Usage notes

Mai and aku may change the meaning of the verb:
aʻo mai (“to learn”) — aʻo aku (“to teach”)

kūʻai mai (“to buy”) — kūʻai aku (“to sell”)

Synonyms

akula

Antonyms

mai, maila

Iban

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

Pronoun

aku

I (personal pronoun)
me (direct object of a verb)
me (object of a preposition)
me (indirect object of a verb)
my (belonging to me)

Indonesian

Alternative forms

akoe (pre-1947)
daku (poetic)

Etymology

Inherited from Malay aku, from Proto-Malayic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

Pronunciation

(Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈaku/ [ˈa.ku]
Audio: (file)
Syllabification: a‧ku

Pronoun

aku

(casual or informal) First person singular personal pronoun: I, me, my
Pagi ini aku makan ikan.
This morning I ate fish.

Dia mengajak aku berjalan-jalan di taman.
He invited me to take a walk in the park.

Kucing aku sedang tidur.
My cat is sleeping.

Synonyms

gua (informal, Jakarta)
saya (polite)
hamba (poetic)

Derived terms

Japanese

Romanization

aku

Rōmaji transcription of あく

Jarai

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ikuR, from Proto-Austronesian *ikuR.

Noun

aku (classifier ƀĕ)

tail

Javanese

Romanization

aku

Romanization of ꦲꦏꦸ

Kabishiana

Noun

äḳu

water

References

Merritt Ruhlen, The Origin of Language: Tracing the Evolution of the Mother Tongue (1996, →ISBN

Kapampangan

Alternative forms

yaku

Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *ʔakúʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈaku/ [ˈäː.xu]
Hyphenation: a‧ku

Pronoun

áku

I (personal pronoun)
me (direct object of a verb)
me (object of a preposition)
me (indirect object of a verb)
my (belonging to me)

Karo Batak

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

Pronoun

aku

I (personal pronoun)
me (direct object of a verb)
me (object of a preposition)
me (indirect object of a verb)
my (belonging to me)

Latvian

Noun

aku f

inflection of aka:
1. accusative/instrumental singular
2. genitive plural

Malay

Alternative forms

ku, ku-, -ku, daku

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

First attested in the Telaga Batu inscription, 683 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (aku).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /aku/
Rhymes: -aku, -ku, -u
Audio (Malaysia): (file)

Pronoun

aku (Jawi spelling اکو)

I (personal pronoun)
Aku orang itu.
I am that person.
me (direct object of a verb)
me (object of a preposition)
me (indirect object of a verb)
Ini aku.
This is me.
my (belonging to me)
Ini beg aku.
This is my bag.

Usage notes

Should not be used when speaking to anyone who is elder or of a higher status.

Synonyms

saya, sahaya (formal)
beta (by royalties)
patik (by royal subjects)

Verb

aku (Jawi spelling اکو)

to confess, to admit to be true.
Dia akui kesalahan dirinya
He admits his own mistake.

Derived terms

Maori

Etymology

From Proto-Eastern Polynesian *au, from Proto-Nuclear Polynesian *au, from Proto-Polynesian *au, from Proto-Oceanic *au, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.
Cognate with Indonesian aku, Malagasy aho, Tagalog ako.

Pronoun

aku

my (when talking of more than one thing)
Ko aku tīpuna ērā. ― Those are my grandparents.

Usage notes

A possessive determiner which must be followed by a noun, unlike āku and ōku. This is the neutral or informal form and is not governed by the a and o categories. It cannot be stressed, in which case either āku or ōku must be used, depending on the category of the noun.

Declension

Maori possessive pronouns

	singular object			dual/plural object
singular subject	A category	O category	Neutral	A category	O category	Neutral
1st person	tāku	tōku	taku	āku	ōku	aku
2nd person	tāu	tōu	tō	āu	ōu	ō
3rd person	tāna	tōna	tana	āna	ōna	ana
dual subject
1st person, inclusive	tā tāua	tō tāua	-	ā tāua	ō tāua	-
1st person, exclusive	tā māua	tō māua	-	ā māua	ō māua	-
2nd person	tā kōrua	tō kōrua	-	ā kōrua	ō kōrua	-
3rd person	tā rāua	tō rāua	-	ā rāua	ō rāua	-
plural subject
1st person, inclusive	tā tātou	tō tātou	-	ā tātou	ō tātou	-
1st person, exclusive	tā mātou	tō mātou	-	ā mātou	ō mātou	-
2nd person	tā koutou	tō koutou	-	ā koutou	ō koutou	-
3rd person	tā rātou	tō rātou	-	ā rātou	ō rātou	-
A category: alienable possession; possessor has control of the relationship.
O category: inalienable possession; possessor has no control over the relationship.

References

“aku” in John C. Moorfield, Te Aka: Maori–English, English–Maori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, 2011, →ISBN.

Mbyá Guaraní

Adjective

aku

(to be) hot

Conjugation

Conjugation of aku

singular			plural
1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person inclusive	1^st person exclusive	2^nd person	3^rd person
xee xeraku	ndee nderaku	ha'e haku	nhande nhanderaku	ore oreraku	peẽ penderaku	ha'e haku

Mmen

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [āku᷇]

Noun

aku

forest

Mori Bawah

Etymology

From Proto-Bungku-Tolaki *ku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

Pronoun

aku

I (personal pronoun)
me (direct object of a verb)
me (object of a preposition)
me (indirect object of a verb)
my (belonging to me)

Moronene

Alternative forms

iβaku

Etymology

From Proto-Bungku-Tolaki *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

Pronoun

aku

I (personal pronoun)
me (direct object of a verb)
me (object of a preposition)
me (indirect object of a verb)
my (belonging to me)

Nupe

Etymology

From Hausa aku.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /à.kú/

Noun

àkú (plural àkúzhì)

African gray parrot (Psittacus erithacus)

Old Javanese

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

Pronoun

aku

I (personal pronoun)
me (direct object of a verb)
me (object of a preposition)
me (indirect object of a verb)
my (belonging to me)

Derived terms

Descendants

Javanese: ꦲꦏꦸ (aku)

References

"aku" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

Quechua

Alternative forms

haku (Ayacucho) ("flour")
hak'u (Cuzco-Collao) ("flour")

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Quechuan *aku.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈa.kʊ/

Noun

aku

flour, a milled cereal
Synonyms: hak'u (Cuzco-Collao), haku (Ayacucho)
(Cuzco) chewed coca
(Collao) resting time after chewing coca

Sasak

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

Pronoun

aku

I (personal pronoun)
me (direct object of a verb)
me (object of a preposition)
me (indirect object of a verb)
my (belonging to me)

Tagal Murut

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

Pronoun

aku

I (personal pronoun)

Tausug

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku.

Pronunciation

(Sinūgan Parianun) IPA^(key): /ʔaku/ [ʔɑˈk̠u]
Rhymes: -u
Syllabification: a‧ku

Pronoun

aku (Sulat Sūg spelling اَكُ)

I

Ternate

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈa.ku]

Verb

aku (Jawi أكو)

(auxiliary) to be allowed, may
aku ua sakali-sakali ana ihoru sosira ― it is absolutely not allowed that they paddle earlier

una owosa toma hito, mina moaku ua ― he enters the kitchen, she may not

ngone fosabea ge aku ― we (incl.) may pray for that

Usage notes

As an auxiliary, aku follows the main verb. It may take the subject clitics (o, mo, etc.) only either for emphasis or when aku is used as the sole verb in a sentence.

Conjugation

Conjugation of aku
	Singular	Plural
	Inclusive	Exclusive
1st	toaku	foaku	miaku
2nd	noaku	niaku
3rd	Masculine	oaku	iaku, yoaku^†
Feminine	moaku
Neuter	iaku
† - archaic

References

Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Tokelauan

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈa.ku]
Hyphenation: a‧ku

Etymology 1

From Proto-Polynesian *qa-ku. Cognates include Maori āku.

Pronoun

a aku

(alienable) mine

Determiner

aku

(alienable) my

Etymology 2

From Proto-Polynesian *haku. Cognates include Hawaiian aʻu and Samoan a'u.

Noun

aku

needlefish of the genus Strongylura

References

R. Simona, editor (1986), Tokelau Dictionary‎^[1], Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 10

Totoli

Alternative forms

yaku

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)aku, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)aku.

Pronoun

aku

I (personal pronoun)
me (direct object of a verb)
me (object of a preposition)
me (indirect object of a verb)
my (belonging to me)

Inalienable (O-type)
	singular	dual		plural
	singular	long	short	plural
1st person (excl.)	o oku, o kita¹	o māua	o mā	o mātou
1st person (incl.)	―	o tāua	o tā	o tātou
2nd person	o ōu, o koe	o koulua		o koutou
3rd person	o ona	o lāua	o lā	o lātou
Alienable (A-type)
	singular	dual		plural
	singular	long	short	plural
1st person (excl.)	a aku, a kita¹	a māua	a mā	a mātou
1st person (incl.)	―	a tāua	a tā	a tātou
2nd person	a āu, a koe	a koulua		a koutou
3rd person	a ana	a lāua	a lā	a lātou
¹⁾ Sympathetic *) Only the singular pronouns differ from the personal pronouns

	Definite inalienable (O-type)
	singular reference				plural reference
	sg	du		pl	sg	du		pl
	sg	long	short	pl	sg	long	short	pl
1st person (excl.)	toku, tota¹	to māua	to mā	to mātou	oku, ota¹	o māua	o mā	o mātou
1st person (incl.)	―	to tāua	to tā	to tātou	―	o tāua	o tā	o tātou
2nd person	tō	toulua		toutou	ō	oulua		outou
3rd person	tona	to lāua	to lā	to lātou	ona	o lāua	o lā	o lātou
	Definite alienable (A-type)
	singular reference				plural reference
	sg	du		pl	sg	du		pl
	sg	long	short	pl	sg	long	short	pl
1st person (excl.)	taku, tata¹	ta māua	ta mā	ta mātou	aku, ata¹	a māua	a mā	a mātou
1st person (incl.)	―	ta tāua	ta tā	ta tātou	―	a tāua	a tā	a tātou
2nd person	tau	taulua		tautou	au	aulua		autou
3rd person	tana	ta lāua	ta lā	ta lātou	ana	a lāua	a lā	a lātou
	Indefinite inalienable (O-type)
	singular reference				plural reference
	sg	du		pl	sg	du		pl
	sg	long	short	pl	sg	long	short	pl
1st person (excl.)	hoku, hota¹	ho māua	ho mā	ho mātou	ni oku, ni ota¹	ni o māua	ni o mā	ni o mātou
1st person (incl.)	―	ho tāua	ho tā	ho tātou	―	ni o tāua	ni o tā	ni o tātou
2nd person	hō	houlua		houtou	ni ō	ni oulua		ni outou
3rd person	hona	ho lāua	ho lā	ho lātou	ni ona	ni o lāua	ni o lā	ni o lātou
	Indefinite alienable (A-type)
	singular reference				plural reference
	sg	du		pl	sg	du		pl
	sg	long	short	pl	sg	long	short	pl
1st person (excl.)	haku, hata¹	ha māua	ha mā	ha mātou	ni aku, ni ata¹	ni a māua	ni a mā	ni a mātou
1st person (incl.)	―	ha tāua	ha tā	ha tātou	―	ni a tāua	ni a tā	ni a tātou
2nd person	hau	haulua		hautou	ni au	ni aulua		ni autou
3rd person	hana	ha lāua	ha lā	ha lātou	ni ana	ni a lāua	ni a lā	ni a lātou
¹⁾ Sympathetic

		singular	plural
1st person	exclusive	aku, saya¹	kami
1st person	inclusive	-	kita
2nd person		kamu, Anda²
2nd person		kau³	kalian, Anda sekalian², kamu sekalian⁵
3rd person		dia, ia³, beliau⁴	mereka
¹Polite. ²Formal. ³Now mostly dialectal or literary. ⁴Honorific. ⁵Literary or poetic. Notes: This table only shows some personal pronouns that are commonly used in the standard language. The second person pronouns is avoided when speaking politely in casual contexts, especially to someone of higher status or older. Not including the clitic pronouns.

Malay personal pronouns
		singular	plural
1^st person	standard	saya／ساي aku／اکو, ku-／كو- (informal/towards God) -ku／-كو (informal possessive) hamba／همبا (dated)	kami／کامي (exclusive) kita orang／كيت اورڠ (informal exclusive) kita／کيت (inclusive)
1^st person	royal	beta／بيتا
2^nd person	standard	kamu／کامو anda／اندا (formal)
	standard	engkau／اڠکاو, kau-／كاو- (informal/towards God) awak／اوق (friendly/older towards younger) -mu／-مو (possessive)	awak semua／اوق سموا kamu semua／كامو سموا kalian／کالين (informal) kau orang／كاو اورڠ (informal)
	royal	tuanku／توانكو
3^rd person	standard	dia／دي ia／اي beliau／بلياو (honorific) -nya／-ڽ (possessive)	mereka／مريک dia orang／دي اورڠ (informal)
3^rd person	royal	baginda／بݢيندا	mereka／مريک dia orang／دي اورڠ (informal)

Translingual

Symbol

See also

Banjarese

Etymology

Pronoun

Brooke's Point Palawano

Etymology

Pronoun

Estonian

Etymology

Noun

Declension

Greenlandic

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Further reading

Guaraní

Adjective

Hadza

Pronunciation

Determiner

Related terms

Hawaiian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Particle

Usage notes

Synonyms

Antonyms

Iban

Etymology

Pronoun

Indonesian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Pronoun

Synonyms

Derived terms

See also

Further reading

Japanese

Romanization

Jarai

Etymology

Noun

Javanese

Romanization

Kabishiana

Noun

References

Kapampangan

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Pronoun

Karo Batak

Etymology

Pronoun

Latvian

Noun

Malay

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Pronoun

Usage notes

Synonyms

Verb

Derived terms

See also

Further reading

Maori

Etymology

Pronoun

Usage notes