ap

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ap"

English

Etymology 1

Abbreviation of apothecaries'.

Adjective

ap (not comparable)

1. Abbreviation of apothecaries' system.

   ap oz ― apothecaries’ ounce

Etymology 2

ap

1. (stenoscript) Abbreviation of appreciate and related forms of that word (appreciating, appreciated, appreciation, appreciative, etc.)

Anagrams

• PA, Pa, Pa., p.a., pa

Albanian

Alternative forms

• jap — Tosk

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *apa, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁op-eio/e-, from *h₁ep- (“to take”). The verb is suppletive with past dhashë and participle dhënë from Proto-Indo-European *deh₃-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aːp/

Verb

ap (aorist dhashë, participle dhënë) (Gheg)

1. to give

Conjugation

• active voice (same as jap (“to give”), except without [j-])

Standard Albanian conjugation of ap (active voice)

• Show compound tenses:  

		participle		dhënë
		gerund		duke dhënë
		infinitive		për të dhënë
singular			plural
1st pers.	2nd pers.	3rd pers.	1st pers.	2nd pers.	3rd pers.
indicative	present	jap	jep	jep	japim	jepni	japin
	imperfect	jepja	jepje	jepte	jepnim	jepnit	jepnin
	aorist	dhashë	dhe	dha	dhamë	dhatë	dhanë
perfect	kam dhënë	ke dhënë	ka dhënë	kemi dhënë	keni dhënë	kanë dhënë
past perfect	kisha dhënë	kishe dhënë	kishte dhënë	kishim dhënë	kishit dhënë	kishin dhënë
aorist II	pata dhënë	pate dhënë	pati dhënë	patëm dhënë	patët dhënë	patën dhënë
future1	do të jap	do të japësh	do të japë	do të japim	do të jepni	do të japin
future perfect2	do të kem dhënë	do të kesh dhënë	do të ketë dhënë	do të kemi dhënë	do të keni dhënë	do të kenë dhënë
subjunctive	present	të jap	të japësh	të japë	të japim	të jepni	të japin
imperfect	të jepja	të jepje	të jepte	të jepnim	të jepnit	të jepnin
perfect	të kem dhënë	të kesh dhënë	të ketë dhënë	të kemi dhënë	të keni dhënë	të kenë dhënë
past perfect	të kisha dhënë	të kishe dhënë	të kishte dhënë	të kishim dhënë	të kishit dhënë	të kishin dhënë
conditional1, 2	imperfect	do të jepja	do të jepje	do të jepte	do të jepnim	do të jepnit	do të jepnin
	past perfect	do të kisha dhënë	do të kishe dhënë	do të kishte dhënë	do të kishim dhënë	do të kishit dhënë	do të kishin dhënë
optative	present	dhënça	dhënç	dhëntë	dhënçim	dhënçit	dhënçin
perfect	paça dhënë	paç dhënë	pastë dhënë	paçim dhënë	paçit dhënë	paçin dhënë
admirative	present	dhënkam	dhënke	dhënka	dhënkemi	dhënkeni	dhënkan
	imperfect	dhënkësha	dhënkëshe	dhënkësh	dhënkëshim	dhënkëshit	dhënkëshin
perfect	paskam dhënë	paske dhënë	paska dhënë	paskemi dhënë	paskeni dhënë	paskan dhënë
past perfect	paskësha dhënë	paskëshe dhënë	paskësh dhënë	paskëshim dhënë	paskëshit dhënë	paskëshin dhënë
imperative	present	—	jep	—	—	jepni	—
1) indicative future identical with conditional present 2) indicative future perfect identical with conditional perfect

Angguruk Yali

Noun

ap

1. man

References

• Christiaan Fahner, The morphology of Yali and Dani (1979), page 156

Chuukese

Interjection

ap

1. Alternative spelling of apw (“no”)

Finnish

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑːmuˌpæi̯ʋælːæ/, [ˈɑ̝ːmuˌpæi̯ʋælːæ] (usually)
• IPA^(key): /ˈɑːˌpeː/, [ˈɑ̝ːˌpe̞ː] (rarely)
• Rhymes: -æiʋælːæ, -eː

Adverb

ap (not comparable)

1. Alternative form of ap.

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑːˌpeː/, [ˈɑ̝ːˌpe̞ː]
• Rhymes: -eː
• Hyphenation^(key): a‧p

Noun

ap (informal)

1. Abbreviation of aamupäivä (“morning; hours roughly from the beginning of the working hours to the noon”).

   Synonym: aamupäivä

   Minulla on ap vapaana.

   I have the morning free.

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑːˌpeː/, [ˈɑ̝ːˌpe̞ː]
• Rhymes: -eː
• Hyphenation^(key): a‧p

Noun

ap

1. Alternative form of AP

Anagrams

• -pa

Haitian Creole

Etymology

From Saint Dominican Creole French après, from French après.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ap/

Adverb

ap

1. Indicates the continuous aspect.
   • 2019 March 19, “Rankont ann Itali ant Anvwaye Espesyal Etazini ak Larisi sou Kriz Venezuela a”, in Lavwadlamerik‎^[2]:

     Dapre Misey Guaido, 2 peyi sa yo ap defann sèlman enterè biznis yo ak Venezuela.

     According to Mr. Guaido, these two countries are only defending their business interests in Venezuela.

2. Indicates a future tense that is relatively certain to happen.

References

• Lefebvre, Claire. "The tense, mood and aspect system of Haitian Creole and the problem of transmission of grammar in creole genesis", Université du Québec à Montréal, 1996

Latvian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Preposition

ap

1. round, around

   Bērni skrien ap galdu. ― Children run around the table.

2. by, near, about
3. about, around

   Viņš atnāca ap pieciem. ― He came around five o'clock.

Synonyms

• apkārt
• apmēram
• aptuveni

Northern Kurdish

Etymology

Confer Arabic عَمّ (ʕamm), Persian عمو ('amu), Turkish amca, all with the same meaning.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑːp/

Noun

ap m (Arabic spelling ئاپ)

1. paternal uncle (brother of one's father)

   Synonym: mam

Declension

Declension of ap

Definite masculine gender
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	ap	ap
Construct	apê	apên
Oblique	apî	apan
Demonstrative oblique	wî apî	wan apan
Vocative	apo	apino
Indefinite masculine gender
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	apek	apin
Construct	apekî	apine
Oblique	apekî	apinan

References

• Chyet, Michael L. (2020) “ap”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press, page 9

Norwegian Bokmål

Verb

ap

1. imperative of ape

Old Irish

Alternative forms

• abb

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin abbās, from Ancient Greek ἀββᾶς (abbâs), from Aramaic אבא (’abbā, “father”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ab]

Noun

ap m (genitive apad)

1. (Christianity) abbot
2. (by extension) leader, lord
   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 26^a8

     Seiss i tempul amal do·n-essid Críst; ꝉ do·géntar aidchumtach tempuil less, et pridchibid smactu rechto fetarlicce, et gébtit Iudei i n-apid, et ɔ·scéra rect núíadnissi.

     He will sit in the temple as Christ sat; or rebuilding of the temple will be done by him, and he will preach the institutes of the law of the Old Testament, and the Jews will accept him as lord, and he will destroy the law of the New Testament.

Declension

Masculine t-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ap	apidL, ap	apid
Vocative	ap	apidL, ap	aptha
Accusative	apidN	apidL, ap	aptha
Genitive	apad	apad	apadN
Dative	apidL, ap	apthaib	apthaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

• Irish: ab
• Manx: abb
• Scottish Gaelic: aba

Mutation

Mutation of ap

radical	lenition	nasalization
ap (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)	unchanged	n-ap

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 ap”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Quiripi

Noun

ap

1. (Unquachog) bread

References

• Thomas Jefferson (1791) A vocabulary of the Language of the Unquachog Indians (in Quiripi)

Saterland Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian op, from Proto-West Germanic [Term?], from Proto-Germanic *upp. Cognates include West Frisian op and German auf.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ap/
• Hyphenation: ap
• Rhymes: -ap

Preposition

ap (neuter or distal adverb deerap, proximal adverb hierap, interrogative adverb wierap)

1. on
2. onto

Adverb

ap

1. up

References

• Marron C. Fort (2015) “ap”, in Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht, Buske, →ISBN

Veps

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *appi.

Noun

ap

1. father-in-law

Inflection

Inflection of ap (inflection type 3/kivi)
nominative sing.	ap
genitive sing.	apen
partitive sing.	aped
partitive plur.	apid
	singular	plural
nominative	ap	aped
accusative	apen	aped
genitive	apen	apiden
partitive	aped	apid
essive-instructive	apen	apin
translative	apeks	apikš
inessive	apes	apiš
elative	apespäi	apišpäi
illative	apehe	apihe
adessive	apel	apil
ablative	apelpäi	apilpäi
allative	apele	apile
abessive	apeta	apita
comitative	apenke	apidenke
prolative	apedme	apidme
approximative I	apenno	apidenno
approximative II	apennoks	apidennoks
egressive	apennopäi	apidennopäi
terminative I	apehesai	apihesai
terminative II	apelesai	apilesai
terminative III	apessai	—
additive I	apehepäi	apihepäi
additive II	apelepäi	apilepäi

References

• Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “свёкор”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎^[3], Petrozavodsk: Periodika

Welsh

Etymology

From fab, soft mutation of mab (“son”). Cognate with Breton prefix ab- and more distantly Irish and Scottish Gaelic mac.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ap/
• Rhymes: -ap

Prefix

ap

1. A patronymic indicator; son of.

Usage notes

This form is found before consonants. Before a vowel, the form ab is used.

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ap”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Yola

Alternative forms

• up

Etymology

From Middle English ap, up, from Old English upp.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ap/, /ʊp/

Adverb

ap

1. up
   • 1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 5, page 96:

     A peepeare struck ap; wough dansth aul in a ring;

     The piper struck up, we danced all in a ring,

Derived terms

• apan

References

• Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 96