arriscar

Catalan

Etymology

From a- +‎ risc (“risk”) +‎ -ar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ə.risˈka]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [a.risˈkaɾ]
• Rhymes: -a(ɾ)

Verb

arriscar (first-person singular present arrisco, first-person singular preterite arrisquí, past participle arriscat)

1. to risk, to venture

Conjugation

    Conjugation of arriscar (first conjugation, c-qu alternation)

infinitive			arriscar
gerund			arriscant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		arriscat		arriscada
		plural		arriscats		arriscades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	arrisco	arrisques	arrisca	arrisquem	arrisqueu	arrisquen
	imperfect	arriscava	arriscaves	arriscava	arriscàvem	arriscàveu	arriscaven
	future	arriscaré	arriscaràs	arriscarà	arriscarem	arriscareu	arriscaran
	preterite	arrisquí	arriscares	arriscà	arriscàrem	arriscàreu	arriscaren
	conditional	arriscaria	arriscaries	arriscaria	arriscaríem	arriscaríeu	arriscarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	arrisqui	arrisquis	arrisqui	arrisquem	arrisqueu	arrisquin
	imperfect	arrisqués	arrisquessis	arrisqués	arrisquéssim	arrisquéssiu	arrisquessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	arrisca	arrisqui	arrisquem	arrisqueu	arrisquin
	negative (no)	—	no arrisquis	no arrisqui	no arrisquem	no arrisqueu	no arrisquin

Galician

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /arisˈkaɾ/ [a.ris̺ˈkɑɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ

Verb

arriscar (first-person singular present arrisco, first-person singular preterite arrisquei, past participle arriscado)

1. (transitive) to risk
2. (transitive) to venture, hazard
3. (transitive) to imperil, endanger
4. (intransitive) to take a risk; to dare

   O que non arriscou non perdeu nin gañou ― He who didn't risk, didn't lose or gain

Conjugation

    Conjugation of arriscar (c-qu alternation)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	arriscar
Personal	arriscar	arriscares	arriscar	arriscarmos	arriscardes	arriscaren
Gerund
	arriscando
Past participle
Masculine	arriscado			arriscados
Feminine	arriscada			arriscadas
Indicative
Present	arrisco	arriscas	arrisca	arriscamos	arriscades	arriscan
Imperfect	arriscaba	arriscabas	arriscaba	arriscabamos	arriscabades	arriscaban
Preterite	arrisquei	arriscaches	arriscou	arriscamos	arriscastes	arriscaron
Pluperfect	arriscara	arriscaras	arriscara	arriscaramos	arriscarades	arriscaran
Future	arriscarei	arriscarás	arriscará	arriscaremos	arriscaredes	arriscarán
Conditional	arriscaría	arriscarías	arriscaría	arriscariamos	arriscariades	arriscarían
Subjunctive
Present	arrisque	arrisques	arrisque	arrisquemos	arrisquedes	arrisquen
Imperfect	arriscase	arriscases	arriscase	arriscásemos	arriscásedes	arriscasen
Future	arriscar	arriscares	arriscar	arriscarmos	arriscardes	arriscaren
Imperative
Affirmative		arrisca	arrisque	arrisquemos	arriscade	arrisquen
Negative (non)		non arrisques	non arrisque	non arrisquemos	non arrisquedes	non arrisquen

    Reintegrated conjugation of arriscar (c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	arriscar
Personal	arriscar	arriscares	arriscar	arriscarmos	arriscardes	arriscarem
Gerund
	arriscando
Past participle
Masculine	arriscado			arriscados
Feminine	arriscada			arriscadas
Indicative
Present	arrisco	arriscas	arrisca	arriscamos	arriscades, arriscais	arriscam
Imperfect	arriscava	arriscavas	arriscava	arriscávamos	arriscávades, arriscáveis, arriscávais1	arriscavam
Preterite	arrisquei	arriscaste, arriscache1	arriscou	arriscamos	arriscastes	arriscárom, arriscaram
Pluperfect	arriscara	arriscaras	arriscara	arriscáramos	arriscárades, arriscáreis, arriscárais1	arriscaram
Future	arriscarei	arriscarás	arriscará	arriscaremos	arriscaredes, arriscareis	arriscarám, arriscarão
Conditional	arriscaria	arriscarias	arriscaria	arriscaríamos	arriscaríades, arriscaríeis, arriscaríais1	arriscariam
Subjunctive
Present	arrisque	arrisques	arrisque	arrisquemos	arrisquedes, arrisqueis	arrisquem
Imperfect	arriscasse	arriscasses	arriscasse	arriscássemos	arriscássedes, arriscásseis	arriscassem
Future	arriscar	arriscares	arriscar	arriscarmos	arriscardes	arriscarem
Imperative
Affirmative		arrisca	arrisque	arrisquemos	arriscade, arriscai	arrisquem
Negative (nom)		nom arrisques	nom arrisque	nom arrisquemos	nom arrisquedes, nom arrisqueis	nom arrisquem

¹Less recommended.

Derived terms

• arriscado

References

• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “arriscar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “arriscar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “arriscar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “arriscar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Portuguese

Etymology

From a- +‎ risco +‎ -ar.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /a.ʁisˈka(ʁ)/ [a.hisˈka(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /a.ʁisˈka(ʁ)/ [a.hisˈka(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /a.ʁisˈka(ɾ)/ [a.hisˈka(ɾ)]
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /a.ʁiʃˈka(ʁ)/ [a.χiʃˈka(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /a.ʁisˈka(ɻ)/ [a.hisˈka(ɻ)]

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐ.ʁiʃˈkaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐ.ʁiʃˈkaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐ.ʁiʃˈka.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: ar‧ris‧car

Verb

arriscar (first-person singular present arrisco, first-person singular preterite arrisquei, past participle arriscado)

1. (transitive) to risk
2. (transitive) to venture, hazard
3. (transitive) to imperil
4. (intransitive) to take a risk; to dare

Conjugation

    Conjugation of arriscar (c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	arriscar
Personal	arriscar	arriscares	arriscar	arriscarmos	arriscardes	arriscarem
Gerund
	arriscando
Past participle
Masculine	arriscado			arriscados
Feminine	arriscada			arriscadas
Indicative
Present	arrisco	arriscas	arrisca	arriscamos	arriscais	arriscam
Imperfect	arriscava	arriscavas	arriscava	arriscávamos	arriscáveis	arriscavam
Preterite	arrisquei	arriscaste	arriscou	arriscamos1, arriscámos2	arriscastes	arriscaram
Pluperfect	arriscara	arriscaras	arriscara	arriscáramos	arriscáreis	arriscaram
Future	arriscarei	arriscarás	arriscará	arriscaremos	arriscareis	arriscarão
Conditional	arriscaria	arriscarias	arriscaria	arriscaríamos	arriscaríeis	arriscariam
Subjunctive
Present	arrisque	arrisques	arrisque	arrisquemos	arrisqueis	arrisquem
Imperfect	arriscasse	arriscasses	arriscasse	arriscássemos	arriscásseis	arriscassem
Future	arriscar	arriscares	arriscar	arriscarmos	arriscardes	arriscarem
Imperative
Affirmative		arrisca	arrisque	arrisquemos	arriscai	arrisquem
Negative (não)		não arrisques	não arrisque	não arrisquemos	não arrisqueis	não arrisquem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Spanish

Etymology

From a- +‎ risco +‎ -ar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /arisˈkaɾ/ [a.risˈkaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: a‧rris‧car

Verb

arriscar (first-person singular present arrisco, first-person singular preterite arrisqué, past participle arriscado)

1. to risk

   Synonym: arriesgar

2. (reflexive) to fall off a cliff

Conjugation

    Conjugation of arriscar (c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			arriscar
gerund			arriscando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		arriscado		arriscada
		plural		arriscados		arriscadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	arrisco	arriscastú arriscásvos	arrisca	arriscamos	arriscáis	arriscan
	imperfect	arriscaba	arriscabas	arriscaba	arriscábamos	arriscabais	arriscaban
	preterite	arrisqué	arriscaste	arriscó	arriscamos	arriscasteis	arriscaron
	future	arriscaré	arriscarás	arriscará	arriscaremos	arriscaréis	arriscarán
	conditional	arriscaría	arriscarías	arriscaría	arriscaríamos	arriscaríais	arriscarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	arrisque	arrisquestú arrisquésvos2	arrisque	arrisquemos	arrisquéis	arrisquen
	imperfect (ra)	arriscara	arriscaras	arriscara	arriscáramos	arriscarais	arriscaran
	imperfect (se)	arriscase	arriscases	arriscase	arriscásemos	arriscaseis	arriscasen
	future1	arriscare	arriscares	arriscare	arriscáremos	arriscareis	arriscaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		arriscatú arriscávos	arrisque	arrisquemos	arriscad	arrisquen
	negative		no arrisques	no arrisque	no arrisquemos	no arrisquéis	no arrisquen

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of arriscar (c-qu alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive arriscar
	dative	arriscarme	arriscarte	arriscarle, arriscarse	arriscarnos	arriscaros	arriscarles, arriscarse
	accusative	arriscarme	arriscarte	arriscarlo, arriscarla, arriscarse	arriscarnos	arriscaros	arriscarlos, arriscarlas, arriscarse
with gerund arriscando
	dative	arriscándome	arriscándote	arriscándole, arriscándose	arriscándonos	arriscándoos	arriscándoles, arriscándose
	accusative	arriscándome	arriscándote	arriscándolo, arriscándola, arriscándose	arriscándonos	arriscándoos	arriscándolos, arriscándolas, arriscándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative arrisca
	dative	arríscame	arríscate	arríscale	arríscanos	not used	arríscales
	accusative	arríscame	arríscate	arríscalo, arríscala	arríscanos	not used	arríscalos, arríscalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative arriscá
	dative	arriscame	arriscate	arriscale	arriscanos	not used	arriscales
	accusative	arriscame	arriscate	arriscalo, arriscala	arriscanos	not used	arriscalos, arriscalas
with formal second-person singular imperative arrisque
	dative	arrísqueme	not used	arrísquele, arrísquese	arrísquenos	not used	arrísqueles
	accusative	arrísqueme	not used	arrísquelo, arrísquela, arrísquese	arrísquenos	not used	arrísquelos, arrísquelas
with first-person plural imperative arrisquemos
	dative	not used	arrisquémoste	arrisquémosle	arrisquémonos	arrisquémoos	arrisquémosles
	accusative	not used	arrisquémoste	arrisquémoslo, arrisquémosla	arrisquémonos	arrisquémoos	arrisquémoslos, arrisquémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative arriscad
	dative	arriscadme	not used	arriscadle	arriscadnos	arriscaos	arriscadles
	accusative	arriscadme	not used	arriscadlo, arriscadla	arriscadnos	arriscaos	arriscadlos, arriscadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative arrisquen
	dative	arrísquenme	not used	arrísquenle	arrísquennos	not used	arrísquenles, arrísquense
	accusative	arrísquenme	not used	arrísquenlo, arrísquenla	arrísquennos	not used	arrísquenlos, arrísquenlas, arrísquense

Further reading

• “arriscar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28