bera

See also: Bera, béra, bēra, be̱ra, bērā, bëra, and berą

Atong (India)

Etymology

From (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

bera

fence

References

van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary.

Basque

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /beɾa/ [be.ɾa]
Rhymes: -eɾa
Hyphenation: be‧ra

Etymology 1

From the Proto-Basque root *ber-.

Determiner

bera (postposed)

the same
Ikasle bera izan da leihoa apurtu duena. ― That same student has broken the window.

Usage notes

This term is used anaphorically, referencing a noun that has already been mentioned.
This term is declined differently depending on whether it's used as a determiner or a pronoun (unlike hau, hori and hura).

Declension

Declension of Basque anaphoric determiners

		bera		berori
		singular	plural	singular	plural
absolutive		bera	berak	berori	beroriek
ergative		berak	berek	berorrek	beroriek
dative		berari	berei	berorri	beroriei
genitive		beraren	beren, bere	berorren	berorien
comitative		berarekin	berekin	berorrekin	beroriekin
causative		berarengatik, beragatik	berengatik, beregatik	berorregatik, berorrengatik	beroriegatik, beroriengatik
benefactive		berarentzat, berarendako	berentzat, berendako	berorrentzat, berorrendako	berorientzat, beroriendako
instrumental		beraz	berez	berorretaz, berorrezaz	berorietaz, beroriezaz
inesive	animate	berarengan, beragan	berengan	berorrengan, berorren baitan	beroriengan, berorien baitan
inesive	inanimate	berean	beretan	berorretan	berorietan
locative	animate	―	―	―	―
locative	inanimate	bereko	beretako	berorretako	berorietako
allative	animate	berarengana(t), beragana(t)	berengana, berenganat	berorrengana, berorrenganat	beroriengana, berorienganat
allative	inanimate	berera	beretara	berorretara, berorretarat	berorietara, berorietarat
terminative	animate	berarenganaino, beraganaino	berenganaino	berorrenganaino	berorienganaino
terminative	inanimate	bereraino	beretaraino	berorretaraino	berorietaraino
directive	animate	berarenganantz, beraganantz	berenganantz	berorrenganantz	berorienganantz
directive	inanimate	bererantz	beretarantz	berorretarantz	berorietarantz
destinative	animate	berarenganako, beraganako	berenganako, bereganako	berorrenganako	berorienganako
destinative	inanimate	bererako	beretarako	berorretarako	berorietarako
ablative	animate	berarengandik, beragandik	beregandik	berorrenganik, berorrengandik	berorienganik, beroriengandik
ablative	inanimate	beretik	beretatik, beratarik	berorretatik, berorretarik	berorietatik, berorietarik

Pronoun

bera

Third-person singular personal pronoun; he, she, it
Synonym: hura

Berarekin etorri zinen. ― You came with him/her.
oneself, in person (used for greater emphasis)
Nire amonak berak egingo ditu erosketak. ― My grandmother herself will do the shopping.

Nire etxean bertan nago. ― I'm at my own house.

Usage notes

Unlike the determiner, this term isn't used anaphorically. Rather, it is used as an emphatic version of hura (similar to the pair ni/neu).
This term is declined differently depending on whether it's used as a determiner or a pronoun (unlike hau, hori and hura).
When used in the second sense, both the noun and the pronoun are declined.

Declension

Declension of Basque anaphoric pronouns

		bera		berori		eurak
		singular	plural	singular	plural	distal	close
absolutive		bera	beraiek	berori	beroriek	eurak	eurok
ergative		berak	beraiek	berorrek	beroriek	eurek	eurok
dative		berari	beraiei	berorri	beroriei	eurei	euroi
genitive		bere	beraien	berorren	berorien	euren	euron
comitative		berarekin	beraiekin	berorrekin	beroriekin	eurekin	eurokin
causative		beregatik	beraiengatik, beraiegatik	berorregatik, berorrengatik	beroriegatik, beroriengatik	eurengatik	eurongatik
benefactive		beretzat, beretako	beraientzat	berorrentzat, berorrendako	berorientzat, beroriendako	eurentzat	eurontzat
instrumental		beraz	beraiez	berorretaz, berorrezaz	berorietaz, beroriezaz	―	―
inesive	animate	berarengan, beragan	beraiengan	berorrengan, berorren baitan	beroriengan, berorien baitan	eurengan	eurongan
inesive	inanimate	bertan	beraietan	berorretan	berorietan	―	―
locative	animate	―	―	―	―	―	―
locative	inanimate	bertako	beraietako	berorretako	berorietako	―	―
allative	animate	beregana	beraiengana, beraienganat	berorrengana, berorrenganat	beroriengana, berorienganat	eurengana	eurongana
allative	inanimate	bertara	beraietara	berorretara, berorretarat	berorietara, berorietarat	―	―
terminative	animate	bereganaino	beraienganaino	berorrenganaino	berorienganaino	eurenganaino	euronganaino
terminative	inanimate	bertaraino	beraietaraino	berorretaraino	berorietaraino	―	―
directive	animate	bereganantz	beraienganantz	berorrenganantz	berorienganantz	eurenganantz	euronganantz
directive	inanimate	bertarantz	beraietarantz	berorretarantz	berorietarantz	―	―
destinative	animate	bereganako	beraienganako	berorrenganako	berorienganako	eurenganako	euronganako
destinative	inanimate	bertarako	beraietarako	berorretarako	berorietarako	―	―
ablative	animate	beregandik, bereganik	berainengandik, beraienganik	berorrenganik, berorrengandik	berorienganik, beroriengandik	euregandik, eureganik	eurogandik, euroganik
ablative	inanimate	bertatik, bertarik	beraietatik, beraietarik	berorretatik, berorretarik	berorietatik, berorietarik	―	―

Derived terms

bera berez (“one one's own”)
beraiek (“they”)
berainez (“therefore”)
berala (“in the same way”)
berau (“this one”)
beraz (“therefore”)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Basque *bera.

Adjective

bera (comparative berago, superlative beren, excessive beregi)

soft, smooth
gentle, soft, mild

Declension

Declension of bera (adjective, ending in -a)

		indefinite	singular	plural
absolutive		bera	bera	berak
ergative		berak	berak	berek
dative		berari	berari	berei
genitive		beraren	beraren	beren
comitative		berarekin	berarekin	berekin
causative		berarengatik	berarengatik	berengatik
benefactive		berarentzat	berarentzat	berentzat
instrumental		beraz	beraz	berez
inessive	anim.	berarengan	berarengan	berengan
inessive	inanim.	beratan	beran	beretan
locative	anim.	—	—	—
locative	inanim.	beratako	berako	beretako
allative	anim.	berarengana	berarengana	berengana
allative	inanim.	beratara	berara	beretara
terminative	anim.	berarenganaino	berarenganaino	berenganaino
terminative	inanim.	berataraino	beraraino	beretaraino
directive	anim.	berarenganantz	berarenganantz	berenganantz
directive	inanim.	beratarantz	berarantz	beretarantz
destinative	anim.	berarenganako	berarenganako	berenganako
destinative	inanim.	beratarako	berarako	beretarako
ablative	anim.	berarengandik	berarengandik	berengandik
ablative	inanim.	beratatik	beratik	beretatik
partitive		berarik	—	—
prolative		beratzat	—	—

Derived terms

beratasun (“softness”)
beratu (“to soften”)
beratz
beraztasun (“softness”)

Etymology 3

Noun

bera

allative singular of be

Czech

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈbɛra]
Rhymes: -ɛra
Hyphenation: be‧ra

Verb

bera

masculine singular present transgressive of brát

Anagrams

rabe

Faroese

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈpeːɹa/
Rhymes: -eːɹa
Homophones: Bera

Etymology 1

From berur.

Noun

bera f (genitive singular beru, plural berur)

clearing

Declension

Declension of bera
f1	singular		plural
f1	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	bera	beran	berur	berurnar
accusative	beru	beruna	berur	berurnar
dative	beru	beruni	berum	berunum
genitive	beru	berunnar	bera	beranna

Synonyms

beri

Etymology 2

From Old Norse bera (“to bear”), from Proto-Germanic *beraną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-.

Verb

bera (takes accusative object, third person singular past indicative bar, third person plural past indicative bóru, supine borið)

to bear, to carry

Conjugation

Conjugation of bera (group v-54)
infinitive	bera
supine	borið
participle (a26)¹	berandi	borin
	present	past
first singular	beri	bar
second singular	bert	bart
third singular	ber	bar
plural	bera	bóru
	imperative
singular	ber!
plural	berið!
¹Only the past participle being declined.

Icelandic

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈpɛːra/
Rhymes: -ɛːra
Homophones: Bera

Etymology 1

From the Old Norse bera (“to bear”), from Proto-Germanic *beraną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-.

Verb

bera (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative bar, third-person plural past indicative báru, supine borið)

(governs the accusative) to carry, to bear
(governs the accusative, of cows and sheep) to give birth
(impersonal) denotes an obligation or duty to do something
- Article 1, Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Icelandic, English)
  Hver maður er borinn frjáls og jafn öðrum að virðingu og réttindum. Menn eru gæddir vitsmunum og samvizku, og ber þeim að breyta bróðurlega hverjum við annan.
  All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
Mér ber að fara í stríð.
It is my duty to go to war.

Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Synonyms

(carry): halda á
(give birth): ala

Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Old Norse bera, from Proto-Germanic *bazōną.

Verb

bera (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative beraði, supine berað)

to bare

Conjugation

bera — active voice (germynd)

	Forms with appended personal pronoun
infinitive (nafnháttur)		að bera
supine (sagnbót)		berað
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		berandi
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég bera	við berum	present (nútíð)	ég beri	við berum
	þú berar	þið berið		þú berir	þið berið
	hann, hún, það berar	þeir, þær, þau bera		hann, hún, það beri	þeir, þær, þau beri

past (þátíð)	ég beraði	við beruðum	past (þátíð)	ég beraði	við beruðum
	þú beraðir	þið beruðuð		þú beraðir	þið beruðuð
	hann, hún, það beraði	þeir, þær, þau beruðu		hann, hún, það beraði	þeir, þær, þau beruðu

imperative (boðháttur)	bera (þú)	berið (þið)
	beraðu	beriði *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

berast — mediopassive voice (miðmynd)

	Forms with appended personal pronoun
infinitive (nafnháttur)		að berast
supine (sagnbót)		berast
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		berandist the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég berast	við berumst	present (nútíð)	ég berist	við berumst
	þú berast	þið berist		þú berist	þið berist
	hann, hún, það berast	þeir, þær, þau berast		hann, hún, það berist	þeir, þær, þau berist

past (þátíð)	ég beraðist	við beruðumst	past (þátíð)	ég beraðist	við beruðumst
	þú beraðist	þið beruðust		þú beraðist	þið beruðust
	hann, hún, það beraðist	þeir, þær, þau beruðust		hann, hún, það beraðist	þeir, þær, þau beruðust

imperative (boðháttur)	berast (þú)	berist (þið)
	berastu	beristi *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

beraður — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)

strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
strong declension (sterk beyging)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	beraður	beruð	berað	beraðir	beraðar	beruð
accusative (þolfall)	beraðan	beraða	berað	beraða	beraðar	beruð
dative (þágufall)	beruðum	beraðri	beruðu	beruðum	beruðum	beruðum
genitive (eignarfall)	beraðs	beraðrar	beraðs	beraðra	beraðra	beraðra

weak declension (veik beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
weak declension (veik beyging)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	beraði	beraða	beraða	beruðu	beruðu	beruðu
accusative (þolfall)	beraða	beruðu	beraða	beruðu	beruðu	beruðu
dative (þágufall)	beraða	beruðu	beraða	beruðu	beruðu	beruðu
genitive (eignarfall)	beraða	beruðu	beraða	beruðu	beruðu	beruðu

Japanese

Romanization

bera

Rōmaji transcription of べら
Rōmaji transcription of ベラ

Kelabit

Etymology

From Proto-North Sarawak [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəʀas, from Proto-Austronesian *bəʀas.

Noun

bera

rice ((raw) seeds used as food)

Khumi Chin

Etymology

Borrowed from Bengali ভেড়া (bheṛa).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /be˧.ra˩/

Noun

bera

sheep

Derived terms

References

K. E. Herr (2011) The phonological interpretation of minor syllables, applied to Lemi Chin‎^[1], Payap University, page 74

Latin

Adjective

bēra

inflection of bērus:
1. nominative/vocative feminine singular
2. nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural

Adjective

bērā

ablative feminine singular of bērus

References

“bera”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
bera in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
“bera”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly

Maltese

Root
b-r-j
1 term

Etymology

Probably from Sicilian brillari.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbɛ.ra/

Verb

bera (imperfect jibri, past participle mibri, verbal noun biri)

to shine

Conjugation

Conjugation of bera
		singular			plural
		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
perfect	m	brejt	brejt	bera	brejna	brejtu	brew
perfect	f	brejt	brejt	briet	brejna	brejtu	brew
imperfect	m	nibri	tibri	jibri	nibru	tibru	jibru
imperfect	f	nibri	tibri	tibri	nibru	tibru	jibru
imperative			ibri			ibru

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /²bɛːra/, /²bɛr(ː)a/
Hyphenation: bè‧ra

Etymology 1

From Old Norse bera, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-. Akin to English bear.

Alternative forms

bere (e infinitive)
bårå (dialectal)

Verb

bera (present tense ber, past tense bar, supine bore, past participle boren, present participle berande, imperative ber)

to carry, bear
Kor langt skal eg bera dette?
How far shall I carry this?

Vil isen bera oss?
Will the ice bear us?

Derived terms

Related terms

bene, benelde
bær

Etymology 2

Noun

bera f

definite singular of bere

References

“bere” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *berô (“bear”). Cognate with Old Frisian *bera, Old Saxon bero, Old Dutch *bero, Old High German bero. The oblique stem *bern- gave Old Norse bjǫrn.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbe.rɑ/

Noun

bera m

bear

Declension

Declension of bera (weak)

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	bera	beran
accusative	beran	beran
genitive	beran	berena
dative	beran	berum

Derived terms

bere
biren

Descendants

Middle English: bere, bier, beare, beore, bore
- English: bear (see there for further descendants)
- Scots: beir

Old Irish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbʲera/

Noun

bera

genitive singular/dual of bir (“spit”)

Alternative forms

bero

Verb

·bera

third-person singular present subjunctive conjunct of beirid

Mutation

Mutation of *bera*
radical	lenition	nasalization
bera	bera pronounced with /β(ʲ)-/	mbera

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Old Norse

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *beraną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéreti (*bʰer- being the root). Compare Old English beran, Old Saxon beran, Old High German beran, Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (bairan).

Verb

bera

to carry, to bear

Conjugation

Conjugation of bera — active (strong class 4)

indicative	present	past
infinitive	bera
present participle	berandi
past participle	borinn
1st-person singular	ber	bar
2nd-person singular	berr	bart
3rd-person singular	berr	bar
1st-person plural	berum	bǫ́rum
2nd-person plural	berið	bǫ́ruð
3rd-person plural	bera	bǫ́ru
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	bera	bæra
2nd-person singular	berir	bærir
3rd-person singular	beri	bæri
1st-person plural	berim	bærim
2nd-person plural	berið	bærið
3rd-person plural	beri	bæri
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	ber
1st-person plural	berum
2nd-person plural	berið

Conjugation of bera — mediopassive (strong class 4)

indicative	present	past
infinitive	berask
present participle	berandisk
past participle	borizk
1st-person singular	berumk	bǫ́rumk
2nd-person singular	bersk	barzk
3rd-person singular	bersk	barsk
1st-person plural	berumsk	bǫ́rumsk
2nd-person plural	berizk	bǫ́ruzk
3rd-person plural	berask	bǫ́rusk
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	berumk	bærumk
2nd-person singular	berisk	bærisk
3rd-person singular	berisk	bærisk
1st-person plural	berimsk	bærimsk
2nd-person plural	berizk	bærizk
3rd-person plural	berisk	bærisk
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	bersk
1st-person plural	berumsk
2nd-person plural	berizk

Descendants

Icelandic: bera
Faroese: bera
Norn: bera
Norwegian Nynorsk: bera
Elfdalian: björo
Old Swedish: bæra
- Swedish: bära
Old Danish: bæræ
- Danish: bære
  - Norwegian Bokmål: bære

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *bazōną.

Verb

bera

to make bare

Conjugation

Conjugation of bera — active (weak class 2)

indicative	present	past
infinitive	bera
present participle	berandi
past participle	beraðr
1st-person singular	bera	beraða
2nd-person singular	berar	beraðir
3rd-person singular	berar	beraði
1st-person plural	berum	beruðum
2nd-person plural	berið	beruðuð
3rd-person plural	bera	beruðu
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	bera	beraða
2nd-person singular	berir	beraðir
3rd-person singular	beri	beraði
1st-person plural	berim	beraðim
2nd-person plural	berið	beraðið
3rd-person plural	beri	beraði
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	bera
1st-person plural	berum
2nd-person plural	berið

Conjugation of bera — mediopassive (weak class 2)

indicative	present	past
infinitive	berask
present participle	berandisk
past participle	berazk
1st-person singular	berumk	beruðumk
2nd-person singular	berask	beraðisk
3rd-person singular	berask	beraðisk
1st-person plural	berumsk	beruðumsk
2nd-person plural	berizk	beruðuzk
3rd-person plural	berask	beruðusk
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	berumk	beruðumk
2nd-person singular	berisk	beraðisk
3rd-person singular	berisk	beraðisk
1st-person plural	berimsk	beraðimsk
2nd-person plural	berizk	beraðizk
3rd-person plural	berisk	beraðisk
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	berask
1st-person plural	berumsk
2nd-person plural	berizk

Descendants

Norwegian Nynorsk: berre

Etymology 3

Somehow derived from Proto-Germanic *berô, whence also bjǫrn.

Noun

bera f (genitive beru)

female bear
Synonym: birna

Declension

Declension of bera (weak ōn-stem)

feminine	singular		plural
feminine	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	bera	beran	berur	berurnar
accusative	beru	beruna	berur	berurnar
dative	beru	berunni	berum	berunum
genitive	beru	berunnar	berna	bernanna

Descendants

Norwegian Nynorsk: bere f

Etymology 4

Adjective

bera

inflection of berr:

References

“bera1”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“bera2”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“bera3”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
bera in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
“bera”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly

Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from French beurré.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbɛ.ra/
Rhymes: -ɛra
Syllabification: be‧ra
Homophone: Bera

Noun

bera f

butter pear (juicy, delicate-textured French variety of pear)

Declension

Declension of bera

	singular	plural
nominative	bera	bery
genitive	bery	ber
dative	berze	berom
accusative	berę	bery
instrumental	berą	berami
locative	berze	berach
vocative	bero	bery

Atong (India)

Etymology

Noun

References

Basque

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Determiner

Usage notes

Declension

Pronoun

Usage notes

Declension

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Adjective

Declension

Derived terms

Etymology 3

Noun

Further reading

Czech

Pronunciation

Verb

Anagrams

Faroese

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Declension

Synonyms

Etymology 2

Verb

Conjugation

Icelandic

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Verb

Conjugation

Synonyms

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Verb

Conjugation

Japanese

Romanization

Kelabit

Etymology

Noun

Khumi Chin

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

References

Latin

Adjective

Adjective

References

Maltese

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

Verb

Derived terms

Related terms

Etymology 2

Noun

References

Old English

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms