cudo

See also: čudo and чудо

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈkuː.doː/, [ˈkuːd̪oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈku.do/, [ˈkuːd̪o]

Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *kūdō, from Proto-Indo-European *kewh₂- (“to strike, hew, forge”).

Verb

cūdō (present infinitive cūdere, perfect active cūdī, supine cūsum); third conjugation

1. to strike, beat, pound, knock
2. to stamp, coin (money)

Conjugation

Conjugation of cūdō (third conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	cūdō	cūdis	cūdit	cūdimus	cūditis	cūdunt
	imperfect	cūdēbam	cūdēbās	cūdēbat	cūdēbāmus	cūdēbātis	cūdēbant
	future	cūdam	cūdēs	cūdet	cūdēmus	cūdētis	cūdent
	perfect	cūdī	cūdistī	cūdit	cūdimus	cūdistis	cūdērunt, cūdēre
	pluperfect	cūderam	cūderās	cūderat	cūderāmus	cūderātis	cūderant
	future perfect	cūderō	cūderis	cūderit	cūderimus	cūderitis	cūderint
passive	present	cūdor	cūderis, cūdere	cūditur	cūdimur	cūdiminī	cūduntur
	imperfect	cūdēbar	cūdēbāris, cūdēbāre	cūdēbātur	cūdēbāmur	cūdēbāminī	cūdēbantur
	future	cūdar	cūdēris, cūdēre	cūdētur	cūdēmur	cūdēminī	cūdentur
	perfect	cūsus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	cūsus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	cūsus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	cūdam	cūdās	cūdat	cūdāmus	cūdātis	cūdant
	imperfect	cūderem	cūderēs	cūderet	cūderēmus	cūderētis	cūderent
	perfect	cūderim	cūderīs	cūderit	cūderīmus	cūderītis	cūderint
	pluperfect	cūdissem	cūdissēs	cūdisset	cūdissēmus	cūdissētis	cūdissent
passive	present	cūdar	cūdāris, cūdāre	cūdātur	cūdāmur	cūdāminī	cūdantur
	imperfect	cūderer	cūderēris, cūderēre	cūderētur	cūderēmur	cūderēminī	cūderentur
	perfect	cūsus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	cūsus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	cūde	—	—	cūdite	—
	future	—	cūditō	cūditō	—	cūditōte	cūduntō
passive	present	—	cūdere	—	—	cūdiminī	—
	future	—	cūditor	cūditor	—	—	cūduntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		cūdere	cūdisse	cūsūrum esse	cūdī	cūsum esse	cūsum īrī
participles		cūdēns	—	cūsūrus	—	cūsus	cūdendus, cūdundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		cūdendī	cūdendō	cūdendum	cūdendō	cūsum	cūsū

Etymology 2

Unknown, presumably a loanword. Compare Proto-Germanic *hōdaz (“a hood, soft covering for the head”) from Proto-Indo-European *kadʰ- (“to cover”), Persian خود (xud, “helmet”).

Noun

cūdō m (genitive cūdōnis); third declension (dis legomenon)

1. helmet
   • c. 100 CE, Silius Italicus, Punica 8.493–494:

     spīcula bīna gerunt. capitī cūdōne ferīnō sat cautum.

     They bear two javelins. The head protected sufficiently by an iron helmet.

   • c. 100 CE, Silius Italicus, Punica 16.59–60:

     Scīpiō contorquēns hastam, cūdōne comantīs disiēcit crīnīs.

     Scipio, wielding the spear, drove the long hair asunder from the helmet.

Declension

Third-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	cūdō	cūdōnēs
genitive	cūdōnis	cūdōnum
dative	cūdōnī	cūdōnibus
accusative	cūdōnem	cūdōnēs
ablative	cūdōne	cūdōnibus
vocative	cūdō	cūdōnēs

Synonyms

• cassis

References

• “cudo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “cudo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• cudo in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• cudo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Ernout, Alfred, Meillet, Antoine (1985) “cudo”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine: histoire des mots‎^[1] (in French), 4th edition, with additions and corrections of Jacques André, Paris: Klincksieck, published 2001, page 155
• “cudo”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• cudo in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
• “cudo”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

Old Polish

Alternative forms

• czudo

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čùdo with Mazuration. First attested in the 14th century.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /t͡sudɔ/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /t͡sudɔ/

Noun

cudo n

1. (attested in Lesser Poland) miracle
   • c. 1301-1350, Kazania świętokrzyskie‎^[3], Miechów, page cv 25:

     Pismo togo croleuicha... naziua crolem luda zidowskego... w yego ucesnem uelikih chud cyneny

     [Pismo togo krolewica... nazywa krolem luda żydowskiego... w jego uciesznem wielikich cud czynieni]

   • Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa‎^[4], page 172:

     Mateus, Marcus, Lucas, Joannes... niektore cuda i dziwy opuścili (obmittentes virtutes et miracula)

     [Mateus, Marcus, Lucas, Joannes... niektore cuda i dziwy opuścili (obmittentes virtutes et miracula)]

   • 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]‎^[5], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 77, 48:

     Poloszil... znamona swoia y czuda swoia (posuit... signa sua et prodigia sua) w polu Taneos

     [Położył... znamiona swoja i cuda swoja (posuit... signa sua et prodigia sua) w polu Taneos]

2. oddity (something strange)
   • Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa‎^[6], page 72:

     Jeden s tych krolow [widział] strozą chował w domu..., a gdyż juże... sniosł jajca, tedy wielikie cudo stało sie s tych jajec (monstrum exit ab ovis), bo z jednego wyskoczył lew, a z drugiego baran

     [Jeden z tych krolow [widział] strusa chował w domu..., a gdyż juże... sniosł jajca, tedy wielikie cudo stało sie s tych jajec (monstrum exit ab ovis), bo z jednego wyskoczył lew, a z drugiego baran]

Descendants

• Polish: cudo

References

• B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “cudo”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish cudo.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈt͡su.dɔ/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -udɔ
• Syllabification: cu‧do

Noun

cudo n (diminutive cudeńko)

1. wonder, marvel (something considered amazing)

Declension

Declension of cudo

	singular	plural
nominative	cudo	cuda
genitive	cuda	cudów
dative	cudu	cudom
accusative	cudo	cuda
instrumental	cudem	cudami
locative	cudzie	cudach
vocative	cudo	cuda

Further reading

• cudo in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• cudo in Polish dictionaries at PWN