exspecto

Latin

Alternative forms

• expectō

Etymology

From ex- (“out”) +‎ spectō (“to look at”), frequentative of speciō (“to see”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ekˈspek.toː/, [ɛkˈs̠pɛkt̪oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ekˈspek.to/, [ekˈspɛkt̪o]

Verb

exspectō (present infinitive exspectāre, perfect active exspectāvī, supine exspectātum); first conjugation

1. to wait for, await

   Synonyms: opperior, maneō

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.429–430:

     “Quō ruit? Extrēmum hoc miserae det mūnus amantī:
     exspectet facilemque fugam ventōsque ferentīs.”

     “Where is he hurrying? Let him grant this final favor to a wretched lover: May he wait for fair winds and an easier flight.”
     (Dido gives Anna the petition to Aeneas using the third-person jussive subjunctive: det, exspectet.)

2. to look for, expect

   Synonym: spērō

3. to have need of, require

   Synonyms: requīrō, egeō

Conjugation

Conjugation of exspectō (first conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	exspectō	exspectās	exspectat	exspectāmus	exspectātis	exspectant
	imperfect	exspectābam	exspectābās	exspectābat	exspectābāmus	exspectābātis	exspectābant
	future	exspectābō	exspectābis	exspectābit	exspectābimus	exspectābitis	exspectābunt
	perfect	exspectāvī	exspectāvistī, exspectāstī1	exspectāvit, exspectāt1	exspectāvimus, exspectāmus1	exspectāvistis, exspectāstis1	exspectāvērunt, exspectāvēre, exspectārunt1
	pluperfect	exspectāveram, exspectāram1	exspectāverās, exspectārās1	exspectāverat, exspectārat1	exspectāverāmus, exspectārāmus1	exspectāverātis, exspectārātis1	exspectāverant, exspectārant1
	future perfect	exspectāverō, exspectārō1	exspectāveris, exspectāris1	exspectāverit, exspectārit1	exspectāverimus, exspectārimus1	exspectāveritis, exspectāritis1	exspectāverint, exspectārint1
passive	present	exspector	exspectāris, exspectāre	exspectātur	exspectāmur	exspectāminī	exspectantur
	imperfect	exspectābar	exspectābāris, exspectābāre	exspectābātur	exspectābāmur	exspectābāminī	exspectābantur
	future	exspectābor	exspectāberis, exspectābere	exspectābitur	exspectābimur	exspectābiminī	exspectābuntur
	perfect	exspectātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	exspectātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	exspectātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	exspectem	exspectēs	exspectet	exspectēmus	exspectētis	exspectent
	imperfect	exspectārem	exspectārēs	exspectāret	exspectārēmus	exspectārētis	exspectārent
	perfect	exspectāverim, exspectārim1	exspectāverīs, exspectārīs1	exspectāverit, exspectārit1	exspectāverīmus, exspectārīmus1	exspectāverītis, exspectārītis1	exspectāverint, exspectārint1
	pluperfect	exspectāvissem, exspectāssem1	exspectāvissēs, exspectāssēs1	exspectāvisset, exspectāsset1	exspectāvissēmus, exspectāssēmus1	exspectāvissētis, exspectāssētis1	exspectāvissent, exspectāssent1
passive	present	exspecter	exspectēris, exspectēre	exspectētur	exspectēmur	exspectēminī	exspectentur
	imperfect	exspectārer	exspectārēris, exspectārēre	exspectārētur	exspectārēmur	exspectārēminī	exspectārentur
	perfect	exspectātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	exspectātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	exspectā	—	—	exspectāte	—
	future	—	exspectātō	exspectātō	—	exspectātōte	exspectantō
passive	present	—	exspectāre	—	—	exspectāminī	—
	future	—	exspectātor	exspectātor	—	—	exspectantor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		exspectāre	exspectāvisse, exspectāsse1	exspectātūrum esse	exspectārī	exspectātum esse	exspectātum īrī
participles		exspectāns	—	exspectātūrus	—	exspectātus	exspectandus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		exspectandī	exspectandō	exspectandum	exspectandō	exspectātum	exspectātū

¹At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

Derived terms

• exspectātiō

Descendants

• >? Galician: espeitar
• Italian: aspettare
• Neapolitan: aspettare
• Sicilian: aspittari
• → English: expect
• →⇒ French: expectative
• → Portuguese: expectar
• → Spanish: expectar

References

• “exspecto”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “exspecto”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• exspecto in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to be waiting in suspense for..: suspenso animo exspectare aliquid
    
• “expect”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.