fend

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fɛnd/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛnd

Etymology 1

From Middle English fenden (“defend, fight, prevent”), shortening of defenden (“defend”), from Old French deffendre (Modern French défendre), from Latin dēfendō (“to ward off”), from dē- +‎ *fendō (“hit, thrust”), from Proto-Italic *fendō, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“strike, kill”).

Verb

fend (third-person singular simple present fends, present participle fending, simple past and past participle fended)

1. (intransitive) To take care of oneself; to take responsibility for one's own well-being.
   • 1990, Messrs Howley and Murphy, quoted in U.S. House Subcommittee on Labor Standards, Oversight hearing on the Federal Service Contract Act,^[1] U.S. Government Printing Office, page 40,

     Mr. Howley. They are telling him how much they will increase the reimbursement for the total labor cost. The contractor is left to fend as he can.

     Chairman Murphy. Obviously, he can’t fend for any more than the money he has coming in.

   • 2003, Scott Turow, Reversible Errors, page 376:

     The planet was full of creatures in need, who could not really fend, and the law was at its best when it ensured that they were treated with dignity.

2. (rare, except as "fend for oneself") To defend, to take care of (typically construed with for); to block or push away (typically construed with off).
   • 1697, Virgil, “The Third Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:

     With fern beneath to fend the bitter cold.

   • 1999, Kuan-chung Lo, Guanzhong Luo, Luo Guanzhong, Moss Roberts, Three Kingdoms: A Historical Novel, page 39:

     He fends, he blocks, too skillful to be downed.

   • 2002, Jude Deveraux, A Knight in Shining Armor, page 187:

     “ […] My age is lot like yours. Lone women do not fare well. If I were not there to fend for you, you—”

Derived terms

Derived terms

• fend and prove
• fend away
• fender
• fend for oneself
• fend off
• forfend

Translations

to take care of or responsibility for oneself

• Bulgarian: грижа се (griža se)
• Dutch: zijn eigen boontjes doppen
• Estonian: tõrjuma
• Finnish: huolehtia itsestään, pitää huolta itsestään (fi), selviytyä (fi), pärjätä (fi)
• French: prendre soin de soi
• German: alleine auskommen, für sich selbst sorgen
• Spanish: valerse por sí mismo

to defend, block or push away

• Bulgarian: отклонявам (bg) (otklonjavam), парирам (bg) (pariram)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 挡住 (zh) (dǎngzhù)

• Finnish: torjua (fi), pitää puolta
• Maori: pārai, whakangungu, matatā

Noun

fend (uncountable)

1. (obsolete) Self-support; taking care of one's own well-being.

Etymology 2

From Middle English fēnd, feond, from Old English fēond (“adversary, foe, enemy, fiend, devil, Satan”), from Proto-Germanic *fijandz, present participle of *fijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *peh₁- (“to hate”). More at fiend.

Noun

fend (plural fends)

1. (UK dialectal) An enemy; fiend; the Devil.

Anagrams

• Fed'n, def'n, defn

Albanian

Alternative forms

• fên — Gheg
• fënd, fënt — Tosk

Etymology

Whether fendë (“fart”) derives from fend or viceversa is unclear. Ultimate origin may be:

1. Possibly from a tentative root Proto-Indo-European *sp(ʰ)end- (“to twitch, wriggle”) whence also Ancient Greek σφαδάζω (sphadázō, “to shiver, tremble”), Sanskrit स्पन्द् (spand, “to quiver, shake”).
2. A connection with Venetan fiandrina (“fart”) is not enough substantiated.
3. Alternatively analysable as a back-formation from fënduk (“cowardly, timid”), which may be borrowed from Ottoman Turkish فندق (funduk, fındık, literally “hazelnut”), also attested dialectally meaning “arse; flirtatious woman”, compare Aromanian fãndãc, fãndec (“arse”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfend/
• (Tosk) IPA^(key): [ˈfənt]
• Rhymes: -end

Verb

fend (aorist fenda, participle fendur)

1. to fart, break wind silently

   Synonym: pjerdh

2. (dialectal) to gossip

   Synonyms: gojos, llafos

Derived terms

• fendeshë
• fendë
• fëndosh
• fënduk

 

References

• “fend”, in FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe‎^[2] (in Albanian), 1980, page 460b
• Mann, S. E. (1948) “fënd”, in An Historical Albanian–English Dictionary, London: Longmans, Green & Co., page 105a
• Kristoforidhi, Kostandin (1904) “φένd”, in Λεξικὸν τῆς Ἀλβανικῆς γλώσσης (in Greek), Athens, page 459
• Rossi, F. (1875) “fènd”, in Vocabolario della lingua epirotica–italiana (in Italian), page 366b

French

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio (Canada):

  (file)

Verb

fend

1. third-person singular present indicative of fendre

Hungarian

Etymology

fen +‎ -d

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈfɛnd]
• Hyphenation: fend

Verb

fend

1. second-person singular imperative present definite of fen

   Synonym: fenjed

Manx

Etymology

From English fend.

Verb

fend (verbal noun fendeil, past participle fendit)

1. to protect, defend

Mutation

Manx mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
fend	end	vend
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Middle English

Noun

fend (plural fendes or fendis)

1. Alternative form of feend
   • c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.)‎^[3], published c. 1410, Matheu 4:1, page 2r, column 2, lines 3–4; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

     Thanne ıḣc was lad of a ſpirit in to deſert .· to be temptid of þe fend /

     Then Jesus was led of a Spirit into desert, to be tempted of the fiend.[4]

   • c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.)‎^[5], published c. 1410, Matheu 4:24, page 1v, column 1, lines 18–23; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

     and hıs fame .· wente in to al ſirie / ⁊ þei bꝛouȝten to hĩ alle þat weren at male eeſe · ⁊ þat weren take wiþ dyīiſe langoꝛes ⁊ turmentis / and hem þat haddẽ fendis · ⁊ lunatik men · ⁊ men in þe paleſie .· ⁊ he heelide hem /

     And his fame went into all Syria; and they brought to him all that were at mal-ease, and that were taken with diverse languors and torments, and them that had fiends, and lunatic men, and men in palsy, and he healed them.[6]