flor

See also: Flor, flor., flôr, flór, and flør

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish flor. Doublet of flour and flower.

Noun

flor (countable and uncountable, plural flors)

1. A film of yeast that develops on the surface of some wines during fermentation, induced deliberately during the production of sherry.

Translations

film of yeast

• Italian: fioretta (it) f

Anagrams

• ROFL, Rolf, rolf

Aragonese

Etymology

Inherited from Latin flōrem.

Noun

flor f (plural flors)

1. flower

Asturian

Etymology

From Latin flōrem, showing a conservative treatment of Latin /fl-/.

Noun

flor f (plural flores)

1. flower

Related terms

• florecer

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Latin flōrem.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈflɔ]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈflɔɾ]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

flor f (plural flors)

1. flower

   una flor no fa estiu ― an isolated object or fact cannot be taken as a norm or general rule (a proverb, literally one single flower does not bring summer)

Derived terms

• aflorar
• flor d'aranya
• flor de l'home penjat
• flor de lis
• flor de mal d'ulls
• flor de Nadal
• florejar
• florera
• floreta

 

Related terms

• floral
• florir

Further reading

• “flor” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “flor”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “flor” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “flor” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Danish

Etymology

From German Flor (“flowering, bloom”).

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -oːɐ̯

Noun

flor n (singular definite floret, not used in plural form)

1. bloom (state of plants)
   • 1912, Jeppe Aakjær, Skrifter i folkeudgave: Samlede digte I-III: [v. 2] Bag hjemmets gavl. [v. 3] Rugens sange:

     ... nu er Timianen visnet, men Ruden i Flor.

     ... now the thyme has withered, but the rue blossoms.

   • 2014, Lars Thomassen, Vogteren: Juleeventyr i 24 kapitler. LÆS HØJT FOR DINE BØRN..., Lars Thomassen, →ISBN, page 85:

     ... en blomst i fuldt flor.

     ... a flower in full blossom.

   • 2013, Siri Hustvedt, At leve / at tænke / at se, Lindhardt og Ringhof, →ISBN:

     ... amaryllis i fuldt flor, ...

     ... amaryllis in full bloom, ...

2. (figuratively) bloom
   • 1821, Christian Molbech, Reise giennem en Deel af Tydskland, Frankrige, England og Italien i Aarene 1819 og 1820, page 49:

     Men at den ypperste Samling af Konstskatte, at en Samling som Musée Napoleon allene, eller endog i Forening med den højeste Liberalitet hos Regieringen og med fortræffeligt indrettede Skoler og Academier, ikke er nok for at bringe Konsten i Flor: derpaa troer jeg, at Frankrige netop giver et talende Exempel.

     But that the most exquisite collection of art treasures, that a collection which only Musée Napoleon, or, for that matter, in union with the highest liberality in the government and with the most excellently designed schools and academies is not sufficient to bring art to blossom: I think France provides a telling example to that effect.

   • 1771, De Forandringer, som Norge haver voeret underkastet baade i verdslige og geistlige Sager. Extraheret af Torfaei Chronico Rerum Norvegicarum, page 9:

     Da han nu saaledes havde bragt sit Rige i Flor, pønsede han endnu paa noget, som var større.

     Having thus brought his kingdom to blossom, he yet contrived to bring about a greater deed.

   • 1771, Kiøbenhavns kongel. privilegerede Adresse-Contoirs nye kritisk Journal, page 343:

     Den tredie Bog indeholder de for nærværende Tiid i Flor staaende Asiatiske, Afrikanske og Amerikanske Stater.

     The third book contains the currently blossoming Asian, African and American states.

3. bloom (flowers)
   • 2004, Historiske roser, Gyldendal A/S, →ISBN, page 211:

     ... et stort espalier eller pergola hvor den med sit blanke, bronzeglinsende løv og det rige flor er et imponerende skue.

     ... a large espalier or pergola where, with its shiny, bronze-gleaming leaves and rich bloom, it is an impressive sight.

Declension

Declension of flor

neuter gender	Singular
	indefinite	definite
nominative	flor	floret
genitive	flors	florets

References

• “flor” in Den Danske Ordbog

Franco-Provençal

Alternative forms

• flou (Old Dauphinois)
• flor (Savoyard)

Noun

flor (ORB, narrow)

1. Alternative form of fllor (“flower”)

References

• Stich, Dominique (2001) Francoprovençal: Proposition d'une orthographe supra-dialectale standardisée (Thesis)‎^[1], University of Paris, page 358
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “flōs”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 3: D–F, page 630

Galician

Alternative forms

• fror, frol, chor

Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese flor, borrowed from Latin flos, from Proto-Italic *flōs, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃-. The variant chor shows the expected phonetic evolution of Latin /fl-/. Compare Portuguese flor.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfloɾ/ [ˈfloɾ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -oɾ

Noun

flor f (plural flores)

1. flower (structure or plant)
2. (figurative) best, finest, pick
3. film (solid or opaque layer on a liquid)

Related terms

• chorida
• chorima
• chorir
• floración
• florear
• florecer
• florido

 

References

• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “flor”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “flor”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “flor”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Interlingua

Noun

flor (plural flores)

1. flower

Kabuverdianu

Etymology

From Portuguese flor.

Noun

flor

1. flower

Latin

Verb

flor

1. first-person singular present passive indicative of flō

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English flōr, from Proto-West Germanic *flōru, *flōr, from Proto-Germanic *flōraz, from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂ros.

Alternative forms

• flore, flur, flour, floor, vlor, floour

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /floːr/

Noun

flor (plural flores)

1. floor (bottom surface of a room or building)
2. floor (level or story of a building)
3. A flat area or platform (often for preparation)
   • c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.)‎^[2], published c. 1410, Matheu 3:12, page 2r, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

     whos wynewing cloþ is in his hond .· ⁊ he ſchal fulli clenſe his coꝛn flooꝛ / and he ſchal gadere his wheete in to his berne .· but þe chaf he ſchal bꝛenne wiþ fier þat mai not be quenchid

     His winnowing fan is in his hand; he'll fully clean his threshing-floor, he'll gather up his wheat into his barn, and he'll burn the chaff with unquenchable fire.

4. The surface of the earth, especially when flat; a plain.
5. (rare) The substructure or support of a building.
6. (rare) The bottom of one's eyelid or eyelash.

Descendants

• English: floor
• Scots: flure, fluir, flair, fleur, fleer

References

• “flọ̄r, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-08-12.

Etymology 2

From Anglo-Norman flur.

Noun

flor

1. Alternative form of flour

Occitan

Alternative forms

• flour (Mistralian spelling)

Etymology

From Old Occitan flor, from Latin flōrem.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈflu/

• Audio (Béarn):

  (file)

Noun

flor f (plural flors)

1. flower

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *flōr, from Proto-Germanic *flōruz, u-stem variant of Proto-Germanic *flōraz (“ground, floor”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /floːr/

Noun

flōr f

1. (of a building) pavement, floor
2. (of a ship) floor, deck; gangplank

Declension

Declension of flōr (strong u-stem)

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	flōr	flōra
accusative	flōr	flōra
genitive	flōra	flōra
dative	flōra	flōrum

Often it occurs as an ō-stem:

Declension of flōr (strong ō-stem)

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	flōr	flōra, flōre
accusative	flōre	flōra, flōre
genitive	flōre	flōra
dative	flōre	flōrum

Derived terms

• -flēre
• upflōr (“upper chamber, solarium”)

Descendants

• Middle English: flor
  • English: floor
  • Scots: flure, fluir, fleur, fleer

Old French

Alternative forms

• fleur, flour, flur

Etymology

From Latin flōrem, accusative singular of flōs, from Proto-Italic *flōs, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃- (“flower, blossom”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfluɾ/
• Rhymes: -ur

Noun

flor oblique singular, f (oblique plural flors, nominative singular flor, nominative plural flors)

1. flower

Descendants

• French: fleur
  • Haitian Creole: flè
• Insular Celtic:
  • → Cornish: flour, flowr
  • → Irish: plúr
  • → Scottish Gaelic: flùr
• → Middle English: flour, fflour, fflowr, fleur, flor, floure, flower, flowr, flowre, flowyr, flur
  • English: flower, flour
  • Scots: flouer, flour, floor
  • → Middle Welsh: fflwr
    • Welsh: fflŵr
• Norman: flieur (Jersey), flleur (Guernsey)
• → Old Norse: flúr
• Walloon: fleur

Old Galician-Portuguese

Alternative forms

• fror, frol
• *chor

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin flōrem. The phonetically regular outcome of Latin /fl-/ is reflected in the apparently unattested *chor, which can nevertheless be reconstructed from the descendants below.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfloɾ/
• Rhymes: -oɾ
• Hyphenation: flor

Noun

flor f (plural flores)

1. flower
   • 13th century, King Denis of Portugal, Ai flores, ai flores do verde pino]; republished as Angelo Colocci, compiler, Cancioneiro da Biblioteca Nacional, Italy, c. 1525–1526, cantiga 568:

     Ay flores ay flores do uerde Pyno

     Oh flowers, oh flowers of the green pine

Related terms

• florecer
• Flores
• frolido

 

Descendants

• Fala: flor
• Galician: flor, fror, frol, chor
• Portuguese: flor, fror, frol (archaic or dialectal), flôr (obsolete), fulô (Northeast Brazil, eye dialect)
  • Kabuverdianu: flor
  • Papiamentu: flor

References

• Manuel Ferreiro (2014–2024) “frol ~ flor ~ fror”, in Universo Cantigas. Edición crítica da poesía medieval galego-portuguesa (in Galician), A Coruña: UDC, →ISSN
• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “flor”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “flor”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG

Old Occitan

Etymology

Inherited from Latin flōrem.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fluɾ/

Noun

flor f (oblique plural flors, nominative singular flor, nominative plural flors)

1. flower

Descendants

• Occitan: flor

Papiamentu

Etymology

From Portuguese flor and Spanish flor and Kabuverdianu flor.

Noun

flor

1. flower

Portuguese

flor

Alternative forms

• fror, frol (archaic or dialectal)
• flôr (obsolete)
• fulô (Northeast Brazil, eye dialect)

Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese flor, borrowed from Latin flos, from Proto-Italic *flōs, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃-.

Compare Galician flor, chor.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈfloʁ/ [ˈfloh]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈfloʁ/ [ˈfloh]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ˈfloɾ/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ˈfloʁ/ [ˈfloχ]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈfloɻ/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈfloɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈfloɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈflo.ɾi/

• Rhymes: (Portugal, São Paulo) -oɾ, (Brazil) -oʁ
• Hyphenation: flor

Noun

flor f (plural flores)

1. flower

   Synonym: (Mozambique) xiluva

   • 1595, Luís Vaz de Camões, Rimas, Num bosque que das Ninfas se habitava:

     As amarellas flores apanhaua

     The yellow flowers there was gathering

2. surface

Quotations

• For quotations using this term, see Citations:flor.

Derived terms

• à flor de
• beija-flor
• flor da idade
• flor de lótus
• flor-de-lis
• florar
• florear
• floreiro
• florista
• florzinha
• florzona

 

Related terms

• chorudo
• chorume
• flora
• floração
• floral
• florão
• florescer
• floricultura

 

Descendants

• Kabuverdianu: flor
• Papiamentu: flor

References

• “flor”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024

Romanian

Etymology

Inherited from Latin flōrus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /flor/

Adjective

flor m or n (feminine singular floară, masculine plural flori, feminine and neuter plural floare)

1. (rare) blond, or with reddish-blond hair

   Synonyms: blond, roșcat

Declension

		singular				plural
		masculine	neuter	feminine		masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative- accusative	indefinite	flor		floară		flori	floare
	definite	florul		floara		florii	floarele
genitive- dative	indefinite	flor		floare		flori	floare
	definite	florului		floarei		florilor	floarelor

Spanish

Flores

Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish flor, from Latin flōrem m, with a conservative treatment of Latin /fl-/.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfloɾ/ [ˈfloɾ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -oɾ
• Syllabification: flor

Noun

flor f (plural flores)

1. flower (structure in angiosperms)

   Synonym: (poetic, Mexico, dialectal) xóchil

2. bloom, blossom (an expanded bud)
3. (figuratively) best, finest, pick

   Flor de harina. ― Finest flour.

   En la flor de la vida. ― In the prime of life.

4. compliment, flattery
5. A globular buildup of carbon on the end of a wick.

   Synonym: hongo

   • 1915, Julio Vicuña Cifuentes, Mitos y Supersticiones Recogidos de la Tradición Oral Chilena, page 284:

     Cuando el pabilo de la vela no se quema bien, se forma en el extremo una excrecencia que se llama flor. El florecerse la vela es augurio de riqueza, próxima o remota.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

6. (in the plural, Argentina, Uruguay) marijuana

Derived terms

• a flor de agua
• a flor de cuño
• a flor de piel
• a flor de tierra
• adiós mis flores
• aflorar
• andarse en flores
• azúcar de flor
• azúcar flor
• batalla de flores
• centro de flores
• comeflor
• de flor en flor
• de mi flor
• desflorar
• echar flores
• en flor
• en la flor de la juventud
• enflorar
• Flor
• flor de amor
• flor de ángel
• flor de azufre
• flor de cananga
• flor de cempasúchil
• flor de ducha
• flor de estufa
• flor de Jamaica
• flor de la abeja
• flor de la canela
• flor de la edad
• flor de la maravilla
• flor de la pasión
• flor de la Trinidad
• flor de la vida
• flor de lis
• flor de muerto
• flor de muertos
• flor de nácar
• flor de Nochebuena
• flor de papel
• flor de pato
• flor de San Juan
• flor de Santa Lucía
• flor de terciopelo
• flor de un día
• flor del corazón
• flor del lazo atigrada
• flor del muerto
• flor del viento
• flor imperial
• flor morada
• flor y nata
• floración
• florcita
• florear
• florecita
• florera
• florería
• florero
• Flores
• flores blancas
• flores de cantueso
• flores de maíz
• flores de mano
• flores de mayo
• flores de zinc
• floristería
• nos ha jodido mayo con las flores
• Pascua de Flores

 

Related terms

• flora
• Flora
• floral
• floreal
• florecer
• florete
• florido
• florífero
• florista
• florón

 

Descendants

• → English: flor

Further reading

• “flor”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28

Swedish

Etymology

From German Flor (“thin fabric, veil”)

Noun

flor n

1. thin, transparent fabric, like gauze (usually used as a veil)

Declension

Declension of flor

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	flor	flors
	definite	floret	florets
plural	indefinite	flor	flors
	definite	floren	florens

Derived terms

• florsocker (“powdered sugar, icing sugar”)

See also

• skir (“sheer”)

Noun

flor n

1. (in some expressions) flowering

References

• flor in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• flor in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• flor in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Turkish

Chemical element
F
Previous: oksijen (O)
Next: neon (Ne)

Etymology

Borrowed from French fluor.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [floɾ]
• Hyphenation: flor

Noun

flor (definite accusative floru, plural florlar)

1. fluorine (chemical element)

Declension

Inflection
Nominative	flor
Definite accusative	floru
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	flor	florlar
Definite accusative	floru	florları
Dative	flora	florlara
Locative	florda	florlarda
Ablative	flordan	florlardan
Genitive	florun	florların

Volapük

Noun

flor (nominative plural flors)

1. flower

Declension

declension of flor

	singular	plural
nominative	flor	flors
genitive	flora	floras
dative	flore	flores
accusative	flori	floris
vocative 1	o flor!	o flors!
predicative 2	floru	florus

• ¹ status as a case is disputed
• ² in later, non-classical Volapük only