kulgema
Estonian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *kulkëdak, from Proto-Uralic *kulke-, possibly from or akin to Proto-Indo-European *kʷelh₁-. Cognates include Finnish kulkea and Hungarian halad.
Verb
[edit]kulgema (da-infinitive kulgeda)
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of kulgema (ÕS type 27/elama, no gradation)
| indicative | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | kulgen | ei kulge | 1st sing. | olen kulgenud | ei ole kulgenud pole kulgenud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | kulged | 2nd sing. | oled kulgenud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | kulgeb | 3rd sing. | on kulgenud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | kulgeme | 1st plur. | oleme kulgenud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | kulgete | 2nd plur. | olete kulgenud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | kulgevad | 3rd plur. | on kulgenud | ||||||
| impersonal | kulgetakse | ei kulgeta | impersonal | on kulgetud | ei ole kulgetud pole kulgetud | ||||
| past | pluperfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | kulgesin | ei kulgenud | 1st sing. | olin kulgenud | ei olnud kulgenud polnud kulgenud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | kulgesid | 2nd sing. | olid kulgenud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | kulges | 3rd sing. | oli kulgenud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | kulgesime | 1st plur. | olime kulgenud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | kulgesite | 2nd plur. | olite kulgenud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | kulgesid | 3rd plur. | oli kulgenud | ||||||
| impersonal | kulgeti | ei kulgetud | impersonal | oli kulgetud | ei olnud kulgetud polnud kulgetud | ||||
| conditional | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | kulgeksin | ei kulgeks | 1st sing. | kulgenuksin oleksin kulgenud |
ei kulgenuks ei oleks kulgenud poleks kulgenud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | kulgeksid | 2nd sing. | kulgenuksid oleksid kulgenud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | kulgeks | 3rd sing. | kulgenuks oleks kulgenud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | kulgeksime | 1st plur. | kulgenuksime oleksime kulgenud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | kulgeksite | 2nd plur. | kulgenuksite oleksite kulgenud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | kulgeksid | 3rd plur. | kulgenuksid oleksid kulgenud | ||||||
| impersonal | kulgetaks | ei kulgetaks | impersonal | oleks kulgetud | ei oleks kulgetud poleks kulgetud | ||||
| imperative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||
| 2nd sing. | kulge | ära kulge | 2nd sing. | ole kulgenud | ära ole kulgenud | ||||
| 3rd sing. | kulgegu | ärgu kulgegu | 3rd sing. | olgu kulgenud | ärgu olgu kulgenud | ||||
| 1st plur. | kulgegem | ärme kulgeme ärme kulge ärgem kulgegem |
1st plur. | olgem kulgenud | ärme oleme kulgenud ärme ole kulgenud ärgem olgem kulgenud | ||||
| 2nd plur. | kulgege | ärge kulgege | 2nd plur. | olge kulgenud | ärge olge kulgenud | ||||
| 3rd plur. | kulgegu | ärgu kulgegu | 3rd plur. | olgu kulgenud | ärgu olgu kulgenud | ||||
| impersonal | kulgetagu | ärgu kulgetagu | impersonal | olgu kulgetud | ärgu olgu kulgetud | ||||
| quotative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| voice | positive | negative | voice | positive | negative | ||||
| active | kulgevat | ei kulgevat | active | olevat kulgenud | ei olevat kulgenud polevat kulgenud | ||||
| passive | kulgetavat | ei kulgetavat | passive | olevat kulgetud | ei olevat kulgetud polevat kulgetud | ||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||
| ma-infinitive | active | passive | da-infinitive | present | past | ||||
| nominative | kulgema | kulgetama | nominative | kulgeda | olla kulgenud | ||||
| illative | — | inessive | kulgedes | olles kulgenud | |||||
| inessive | kulgemas | participle | active | passive | |||||
| elative | kulgemast | present | kulgev | kulgetav | |||||
| translative | kulgemaks | past | kulgenud | kulgetud | |||||
| abessive | kulgemata | negative | kulgematu | — | |||||