ka-

Forms a noun that denotes partnership or companionship; co-
‎ka- + ‎kawat (“play”) → ‎kakawat (“playmate”)

‎ka- + ‎iwal (“fight”) → ‎kaiwal (“enemy”)

Derived terms

Cebuano

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ka/ [kɐ]

Etymology 1

Compare Tagalog ka-.

Prefix

ka- (Badlit spelling ᜃ)

(added to adjectives) denotes a state of being; -ness
Synonyms: pagka-, ka- -an

‎ka- + ‎linaw (“calm”) → ‎kalinaw (“calmness”)

‎ka- + ‎bugnaw (“cold”) → ‎kabugnaw (“coldness”)
(added to an adjective) used in exclamations; how...
Synonyms: -a, ka- -a

‎ka- + ‎init (“hot”) → ‎kainit! (“how hot!”)
(added to nouns or verbs) denotes partnership or companionship; co-
Synonym: isigka-

‎ka- + ‎klase (“class”) → ‎kaklase (“classmate”)

‎ka- + ‎away (“to fight”) → ‎kaaway (“enemy”)

Derived terms

Cebuano terms prefixed with ka-

Related terms

Etymology 2

Prefix

ka- (Badlit spelling ᜃ)

Short for maka-.

Japanese

Romanization

ka-

Rōmaji transcription of か

Javanese

Romanization

ka-

Romanization of ꦏ-

Kangean

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ka/

Prefix

ka- (verb base)

accidental aspect of the passive intransitive verb
‎ka- + ‎gibe (“bring”) → ‎kagibe (“(accidentally) taken along”)

Kapampangan

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

ka-

implies companionship or partnership when prefixed to a root
‎ka- + ‎abe (“to accompany”) → ‎kayabe (“partner”)

‎ka- + ‎lagyu (“name”) → ‎kalagyu (“namesake”)
implies similarity or interaction when prefixed to a root noun
‎ka- + ‎lupa (“face”) → ‎kalupa (“someone/something similar; look-alike”)

‎ka- + ‎pate (“fight”) → ‎kapate (“enemy”)
implies repeated action when prefixed to a root that repeats the first syllable
‎ka- + ‎gulisak (“shout”) → ‎kagugulisak (“repeatedly shouting”)

‎ka- + ‎isip (“mind, thought”) → ‎kaiisip (“thinking a lot”)
implies causing or producing something in an extreme degree when prefixed to a root that repeats the first two syllables
‎ka- + ‎dapat (“should”) → ‎karapat-dapat (“deserving”)

‎ka- + ‎santing (“handsome”) → ‎kasanting-santing (“wonderful”)
implies recent action when prefixed to a root that repeats the first syllable and followed by pamu
‎ka- + ‎datang (“come”) → ‎kadaratang (“recently arrived”)

‎ka- + ‎punta (“go”) → ‎kapupunta (“recently went”)
implies emphatic, before an adjective, non-productive and followed by na, da or ta
‎ka- + ‎timyas (“cute”) → ‎katimyas (“so cute”)

‎ka- + ‎yumi (“innocence; pure”) → ‎kayumi (“how pretty”)

Derived terms

Kapampangan terms prefixed with ka-

Kimbundu

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *kà-.

Prefix

ka- (plural tu-)

noun class prefix, used with a diminutive meaning

Derived terms

Kimbundu terms prefixed with ka-

kambunda

Minangkabau

Prefix

ka-

Used to form ordinal numbers

Mohawk

Prefix

ka-

third person feminine/neuter agent pronominal prefix

Alternative forms

-	Initial consonant
Environment	t/s/h/k	n/r/w/’	a	e/en	o/on	i	y
Word-Initial	ka-	ka-	w-	w-	i-	ken-	ka-

Prefix

ka-

noun prefix

References

Gunther Michelson (1973) A thousand words of Mohawk, University of Ottawa Press, page 9
Nora Deering, Helga H. Delisle (1976) Mohawk: A teaching grammar (preliminary version), Quebec: Manitou College, page 173

Mokilese

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈka-/

Etymology 1

Prefix

ka-

Used to form causative verbs

Usage notes

This prefix sometimes takes the forms koa-, ke- and ko-.

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Prefix

ka-

Used to form ordinal numbers

Northern Ndebele

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

ka-

he, she, it; class 1 subject concord; form of u- used when another prefix precedes.

Old High German

Prefix

ka-

(Bavaria) Alternative form of gi-

Old Javanese

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ka/

Prefix

ka-

passive verb-forming prefix

Derived terms

Old Javanese terms prefixed with ka-

Descendants

Javanese: k-, ꦏ- (ka-), ꦏꦼ- (ke-)

Phuthi

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

ka-

-ly; forms adverbs of manner from adjectives and relatives.

Derived terms

Phuthi terms prefixed with ka-

kadze

kakgulu

kamunadzi

South Efate

Etymology

Probably related to South Efate go

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ka/

Prefix

ka-

and (forms dependent verbs)

Southern Ndebele

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

ka-

he, she, it; class 1 subject concord; form of u- used when another prefix precedes.

Sundanese

Etymology 1

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-.

Prefix

ka- (Sundanese script ᮊ-)

verb-forming prefix
1. accidental aspect of the passive transitive verb
  ‎ka- + ‎tijek (“to step on”) → ‎katijek (“(accidentally) stepped on”)
  
  ‎ka- + ‎bedil (“gun”) → ‎kabedil (“(accidentally) shot”)
2. perfective aspect of the passive transitive verb
  ‎ka- + ‎déngé (“to hear”) → ‎kadéngé (“to be heard”)
  
  ‎ka- + ‎baca (“to read”) → ‎kabaca (“to be read”)
3. implies that the action can be done
  ‎ka- + ‎harti (“meaning”) → ‎kaharti (“(can be) understood”)
noun-forming prefix
1. abstract noun-forming prefix
  ‎ka- + ‎rugi (“loss”) → ‎karugi (“loss”)
  
  ‎ka- + ‎hayang (“to want”) → ‎kahayang (“desire, want”)

Usage notes

Not all roots can be prefixed with ka- only. Some verbs, due to semantic reasons, must feature the suffix -an.^[1] For example:
‎ka- + ‎merdika (“free, independent”) + ‎-an → ‎kamerdikaan (“independence”)

‎ka- + ‎kalangkang (“shadow”) + ‎-an → ‎kakalangkangan (“to become overshadowed”)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ika-, from Proto-Austronesian *Sika-. Compare Malay ke-, Tagalog ika-

Prefix

ka-

numeral-forming prefix
1. ordinal number forming prefix; -th
  ‎ka- + ‎hiji (“one”) → ‎kahiji (“first”)
  
  ‎ka- + ‎sapuluh (“ten”) → ‎kasapuluh (“tenth”)

References

^ Prof. Dr. T. Fatimah Djajasudarma (2013) Fonologi dan Gramatika Sunda [Sundanese Phonology and Grammar] (in Indonesian), Bandung: PT Refika Aditama, →ISBN

Swahili

Pronunciation

Audio (Kenya): (file)

Etymology 1

Prefix

ka-

third-person singular animate (m class_(I)) recent-past perfective marker
Near-synonyms: a li-, a me-
- 1973, Mohammed S. Abdulla, Duniani kuna watu, page 5:
  Nimefanya jitihada mwenyewe na Mungu kanisaidia, […]
  I have worked hard on my own and God has helped me, […]
- 2013, “Rais Obama kaondoka, tusirudie maisha ya aibu”, in Mwananchi‎^[1]:
  Rais Obama kaondoka, tusirudie maisha ya aibu
  President Obama has left, let us not return to a life of shame

Etymology 2

Ultimately from Proto-Bantu *kà-.

Prefix

ka-

(colloquial or dialect, nonstandard) noun class 12 prefix, used with a diminutive or depreciative meaning

Swazi

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

ka-

-ly; forms adverbs of manner from adjectives and relatives.

Derived terms

Swazi terms prefixed with ka-

kahle

kakhulu

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

ka-

he, she, it; class 1 subject concord; form of u- used when another prefix precedes.

Tagalog

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

ka- (Baybayin spelling ᜃ)

implies companionship or partnership
‎ka- + ‎sama (“to accompany”) → ‎kasama (“partner”)

‎ka- + ‎opisina (“office”) → ‎kaopisina (“coworker”)
implies similarity or interaction
‎ka- + ‎mukha (“face”) → ‎kamukha (“someone/something similar; look-alike”)

‎ka- + ‎away (“fight”) → ‎kaaway (“enemy”)
(with initial syllable repetition) implies repeated action
‎ka- + ‎sigaw (“shout”) → ‎kasisigaw (“repeatedly shouting”)

‎ka- + ‎isip (“mind, thought”) → ‎kaiisip (“thinking a lot”)
(with initial syllable repetition, followed by lang or lamang) implies recent action
‎ka- + ‎punta (“going”) → ‎kapupunta (“recently went”)

‎ka- + ‎luto (“cooking, cuisine”) → ‎kaluluto (“recently cooked”)
(with initial two syllables repetition) implies causing or producing something in an extreme degree
‎ka- + ‎galang (“respect”) → ‎kagalang-galang (“inspiring great respect”)

‎ka- + ‎paniwala (“belief”) → ‎kapani-paniwala (“very plausible”)

Derived terms

Tagalog terms prefixed with ka-

Tooro

Alternative forms

(before /e/) ke-
(before /o/) ko-

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *ká-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ka-/

Prefix

ka-

class 12 pronominal concord
‎ka- + ‎-nu (“this, these”) → ‎kanu (“this (class 12)”)
they; class 12 subject concord
‎ka- + ‎-kora (“to do”) → ‎kakora (“it (class 12) does”)
positive imperative form of -ka- (“it; class 12 object concord”)
‎ka- + ‎-ha (“to give”) → ‎kaha (“give it (class 12)”)

References

Kaji, Shigeki (2007) A Rutooro Vocabulary‎^[2], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 414

Xhosa

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

ka-

-ly; forms adverbs of manner from adjectives and relatives.

Derived terms

Xhosa terms prefixed with ka-

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

ka-

he, she, it; class 1 subject concord; form of u- used when another prefix precedes.

Zulu

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

ka-

-ly; forms adverbs of manner from adjectives and relatives.

Derived terms

Zulu terms prefixed with ka-

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

ká-

he, she, it; class 1 subject concord; form of u- used when another prefix precedes.

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

ka-

Alternative form of ma- (hortative)

References

C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “ka-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “ka-”

[1] Prof. Dr. T. Fatimah Djajasudarma (2013) Fonologi dan Gramatika Sunda [Sundanese Phonology and Grammar] (in Indonesian), Bandung: PT Refika Aditama, →ISBN

[1]

Class	Person	Independent	Possessive	Subject concord	Object concord	Combined forms
Class	Person	Independent	Possessive	Subject concord	Object concord	na	ni
Class 1	First	nyowe, nye	-ange	n-	-n-	nanyowe, nanye	ninyowe, ninye
	Second	iwe	-awe	o-	-ku-	naiwe	niiwe
	Third	uwe	-e	a-	-mu-	nawe	nuwe
Class 2	First	itwe	-aitu	tu-	-tu-	naitwe	niitwe
	Second	inywe	-anyu	mu-	-ba-	nainywe	niinywe
	Third	abo	-abo	ba-	-ba-	nabo	nubo
Class 3		gwo	-agwo	gu-	-gu-	nagwo	nugwo
Class 4		yo	-ayo	e-	-gi-	nayo	niyo
Class 5		lyo	-alyo	li-	-li-	nalyo	niryo
Class 6		go	-ago	ga-	-ga-	nago	nugo
Class 7		kyo	-akyo	ki-	-ki-	nakyo	nikyo
Class 8		byo	-abyo	bi-	-bi-	nabyo	nibyo
Class 9		yo	-ayo	e-	-gi-	nayo	niyo
Class 10		zo	-azo	zi-	-zi-	nazo	nizo
Class 11		rwo	-arwo	ru-	-ru-	narwo	nurwo
Class 12		ko	-ako	ka-	-ka-	nako	nuko
Class 13		two	-atwo	tu-	-tu-	natwo	nutwo
Class 14		bwo	-abwo	bu-	-bu-	nabwo	nubwo
Class 15		kwo	-akwo	ku-	-ku-	nakwo	nukwo
Class 16		ho	-aho	ha-	-ha-	naho	nuho
Class 17		(kwo)	N/A	ha- (...-yo)	-ha-	N/A	nukwo
Class 18		(mwo)	-amwo	ha- (...-mu)	-ha-	N/A	numwo
Reflexive		-enyini, -onyini	—		-e-	—

English

Prefix

Derived terms

Anagrams

Bikol Central

Etymology

Prefix

Derived terms

Cebuano

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Prefix

Derived terms

Related terms

Etymology 2

Prefix

Japanese

Romanization

Javanese

Romanization

Kangean

Pronunciation

Prefix

Kapampangan

Etymology

Prefix

Derived terms

See also

Kimbundu

Etymology

Prefix

Derived terms

Minangkabau

Prefix

Mohawk

Prefix

Alternative forms

Prefix

References

Mokilese

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Prefix

Usage notes

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Prefix

Northern Ndebele

Etymology

Prefix

Old High German

Prefix

Old Javanese

Etymology

Pronunciation

Prefix

Derived terms

Descendants

Phuthi

Etymology

Prefix

Derived terms

South Efate

Etymology

Pronunciation

Prefix

Southern Ndebele

Etymology

Prefix

Sundanese

Etymology 1

Prefix

Usage notes

Etymology 2

Prefix

References

Further reading

Swahili

Pronunciation

Etymology 1