khumbula

Swazi

Verb

-khúmbúla

to remember

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Tsonga

Verb

khumbula

to remember

Xhosa

Verb

-khúmbúla

to miss
to remember

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

Verb

-khumbúla

(transitive) to remember, to recall, to recollect, to call to mind
(transitive) to keep in mind
(transitive) to miss (feel absence of)

Inflection

Tone H
Infinitive	ukukhumbula
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukukhumbula	ukungakhumbuli
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	khumbula	-khumbule
Plural	khumbulani	-khumbuleni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyakhumbula, ngikhumbula	engikhumbulayo, engikhumbula	ngikhumbula	angikhumbuli	engingakhumbuli	ngingakhumbuli
2nd singular	uyakhumbula, ukhumbula	okhumbulayo, okhumbula	ukhumbula	awukhumbuli	ongakhumbuli	ungakhumbuli
1st plural	siyakhumbula, sikhumbula	esikhumbulayo, esikhumbula	sikhumbula	asikhumbuli	esingakhumbuli	singakhumbuli
2nd plural	niyakhumbula, nikhumbula	enikhumbulayo, enikhumbula	nikhumbula	anikhumbuli	eningakhumbuli	ningakhumbuli
Class 1	uyakhumbula, ukhumbula	okhumbulayo, okhumbula	ekhumbula	akakhumbuli	ongakhumbuli	engakhumbuli
Class 2	bayakhumbula, bakhumbula	abakhumbulayo, abakhumbula	bekhumbula	abakhumbuli	abangakhumbuli	bengakhumbuli
Class 3	uyakhumbula, ukhumbula	okhumbulayo, okhumbula	ukhumbula	awukhumbuli	ongakhumbuli	ungakhumbuli
Class 4	iyakhumbula, ikhumbula	ekhumbulayo, ekhumbula	ikhumbula	ayikhumbuli	engakhumbuli	ingakhumbuli
Class 5	liyakhumbula, likhumbula	elikhumbulayo, elikhumbula	likhumbula	alikhumbuli	elingakhumbuli	lingakhumbuli
Class 6	ayakhumbula, akhumbula	akhumbulayo, akhumbula	ekhumbula	awakhumbuli	angakhumbuli	engakhumbuli
Class 7	siyakhumbula, sikhumbula	esikhumbulayo, esikhumbula	sikhumbula	asikhumbuli	esingakhumbuli	singakhumbuli
Class 8	ziyakhumbula, zikhumbula	ezikhumbulayo, ezikhumbula	zikhumbula	azikhumbuli	ezingakhumbuli	zingakhumbuli
Class 9	iyakhumbula, ikhumbula	ekhumbulayo, ekhumbula	ikhumbula	ayikhumbuli	engakhumbuli	ingakhumbuli
Class 10	ziyakhumbula, zikhumbula	ezikhumbulayo, ezikhumbula	zikhumbula	azikhumbuli	ezingakhumbuli	zingakhumbuli
Class 11	luyakhumbula, lukhumbula	olukhumbulayo, olukhumbula	lukhumbula	alukhumbuli	olungakhumbuli	lungakhumbuli
Class 14	buyakhumbula, bukhumbula	obukhumbulayo, obukhumbula	bukhumbula	abukhumbuli	obungakhumbuli	bungakhumbuli
Class 15	kuyakhumbula, kukhumbula	okukhumbulayo, okukhumbula	kukhumbula	akukhumbuli	okungakhumbuli	kungakhumbuli
Class 17	kuyakhumbula, kukhumbula	okukhumbulayo, okukhumbula	kukhumbula	akukhumbuli	okungakhumbuli	kungakhumbuli
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngikhumbulile, ngikhumbulē	engikhumbulile, engikhumbulē	ngikhumbulile, ngikhumbulē	angikhumbulanga	engingakhumbulanga	ngingakhumbulanga
2nd singular	ukhumbulile, ukhumbulē	okhumbulile, okhumbulē	ukhumbulile, ukhumbulē	awukhumbulanga	ongakhumbulanga	ungakhumbulanga
1st plural	sikhumbulile, sikhumbulē	esikhumbulile, esikhumbulē	sikhumbulile, sikhumbulē	asikhumbulanga	esingakhumbulanga	singakhumbulanga
2nd plural	nikhumbulile, nikhumbulē	enikhumbulile, enikhumbulē	nikhumbulile, nikhumbulē	anikhumbulanga	eningakhumbulanga	ningakhumbulanga
Class 1	ukhumbulile, ukhumbulē	okhumbulile, okhumbulē	ekhumbulile, ekhumbulē	akakhumbulanga	ongakhumbulanga	engakhumbulanga
Class 2	bakhumbulile, bakhumbulē	abakhumbulile, abakhumbulē	bekhumbulile, bekhumbulē	abakhumbulanga	abangakhumbulanga	bengakhumbulanga
Class 3	ukhumbulile, ukhumbulē	okhumbulile, okhumbulē	ukhumbulile, ukhumbulē	awukhumbulanga	ongakhumbulanga	ungakhumbulanga
Class 4	ikhumbulile, ikhumbulē	ekhumbulile, ekhumbulē	ikhumbulile, ikhumbulē	ayikhumbulanga	engakhumbulanga	ingakhumbulanga
Class 5	likhumbulile, likhumbulē	elikhumbulile, elikhumbulē	likhumbulile, likhumbulē	alikhumbulanga	elingakhumbulanga	lingakhumbulanga
Class 6	akhumbulile, akhumbulē	akhumbulile, akhumbulē	ekhumbulile, ekhumbulē	awakhumbulanga	angakhumbulanga	engakhumbulanga
Class 7	sikhumbulile, sikhumbulē	esikhumbulile, esikhumbulē	sikhumbulile, sikhumbulē	asikhumbulanga	esingakhumbulanga	singakhumbulanga
Class 8	zikhumbulile, zikhumbulē	ezikhumbulile, ezikhumbulē	zikhumbulile, zikhumbulē	azikhumbulanga	ezingakhumbulanga	zingakhumbulanga
Class 9	ikhumbulile, ikhumbulē	ekhumbulile, ekhumbulē	ikhumbulile, ikhumbulē	ayikhumbulanga	engakhumbulanga	ingakhumbulanga
Class 10	zikhumbulile, zikhumbulē	ezikhumbulile, ezikhumbulē	zikhumbulile, zikhumbulē	azikhumbulanga	ezingakhumbulanga	zingakhumbulanga
Class 11	lukhumbulile, lukhumbulē	olukhumbulile, olukhumbulē	lukhumbulile, lukhumbulē	alukhumbulanga	olungakhumbulanga	lungakhumbulanga
Class 14	bukhumbulile, bukhumbulē	obukhumbulile, obukhumbulē	bukhumbulile, bukhumbulē	abukhumbulanga	obungakhumbulanga	bungakhumbulanga
Class 15	kukhumbulile, kukhumbulē	okukhumbulile, okukhumbulē	kukhumbulile, kukhumbulē	akukhumbulanga	okungakhumbulanga	kungakhumbulanga
Class 17	kukhumbulile, kukhumbulē	okukhumbulile, okukhumbulē	kukhumbulile, kukhumbulē	akukhumbulanga	okungakhumbulanga	kungakhumbulanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngākhumbula	engākhumbula	ngākhumbula	angikhumbulanga	engingakhumbulanga	ngingakhumbulanga
2nd singular	wākhumbula	owākhumbula	wākhumbula	awukhumbulanga	ongakhumbulanga	ungakhumbulanga
1st plural	sākhumbula	esākhumbula	sākhumbula	asikhumbulanga	esingakhumbulanga	singakhumbulanga
2nd plural	nākhumbula	enākhumbula	nākhumbula	anikhumbulanga	eningakhumbulanga	ningakhumbulanga
Class 1	wākhumbula	owākhumbula	ākhumbula	akakhumbulanga	ongakhumbulanga	engakhumbulanga
Class 2	bākhumbula	abākhumbula	bākhumbula	abakhumbulanga	abangakhumbulanga	bengakhumbulanga
Class 3	wākhumbula	owākhumbula	wākhumbula	awukhumbulanga	ongakhumbulanga	ungakhumbulanga
Class 4	yākhumbula	eyākhumbula	yākhumbula	ayikhumbulanga	engakhumbulanga	ingakhumbulanga
Class 5	lākhumbula	elākhumbula	lākhumbula	alikhumbulanga	elingakhumbulanga	lingakhumbulanga
Class 6	ākhumbula	ākhumbula	ākhumbula	awakhumbulanga	angakhumbulanga	engakhumbulanga
Class 7	sākhumbula	esākhumbula	sākhumbula	asikhumbulanga	esingakhumbulanga	singakhumbulanga
Class 8	zākhumbula	ezākhumbula	zākhumbula	azikhumbulanga	ezingakhumbulanga	zingakhumbulanga
Class 9	yākhumbula	eyākhumbula	yākhumbula	ayikhumbulanga	engakhumbulanga	ingakhumbulanga
Class 10	zākhumbula	ezākhumbula	zākhumbula	azikhumbulanga	ezingakhumbulanga	zingakhumbulanga
Class 11	lwākhumbula	olwākhumbula	lwākhumbula	alukhumbulanga	olungakhumbulanga	lungakhumbulanga
Class 14	bākhumbula	obākhumbula	bākhumbula	abukhumbulanga	obungakhumbulanga	bungakhumbulanga
Class 15	kwākhumbula	okwākhumbula	kwākhumbula	akukhumbulanga	okungakhumbulanga	kungakhumbulanga
Class 17	kwākhumbula	okwākhumbula	kwākhumbula	akukhumbulanga	okungakhumbulanga	kungakhumbulanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingakhumbula	—	ngingakhumbula	ngingekhumbule	—	ngingekhumbule
2nd singular	ungakhumbula	—	ungakhumbula	ungekhumbule	—	ungekhumbule
1st plural	singakhumbula	—	singakhumbula	singekhumbule	—	singekhumbule
2nd plural	ningakhumbula	—	ningakhumbula	ningekhumbule	—	ningekhumbule
Class 1	angakhumbula	—	engakhumbula	angekhumbule	—	engekhumbule
Class 2	bangakhumbula	—	bengakhumbula	bangekhumbule	—	bengekhumbule
Class 3	ungakhumbula	—	ungakhumbula	ungekhumbule	—	ungekhumbule
Class 4	ingakhumbula	—	ingakhumbula	ingekhumbule	—	ingekhumbule
Class 5	lingakhumbula	—	lingakhumbula	lingekhumbule	—	lingekhumbule
Class 6	angakhumbula	—	engakhumbula	angekhumbule	—	engekhumbule
Class 7	singakhumbula	—	singakhumbula	singekhumbule	—	singekhumbule
Class 8	zingakhumbula	—	zingakhumbula	zingekhumbule	—	zingekhumbule
Class 9	ingakhumbula	—	ingakhumbula	ingekhumbule	—	ingekhumbule
Class 10	zingakhumbula	—	zingakhumbula	zingekhumbule	—	zingekhumbule
Class 11	lungakhumbula	—	lungakhumbula	lungekhumbule	—	lungekhumbule
Class 14	bungakhumbula	—	bungakhumbula	bungekhumbule	—	bungekhumbule
Class 15	kungakhumbula	—	kungakhumbula	kungekhumbule	—	kungekhumbule
Class 17	kungakhumbula	—	kungakhumbula	kungekhumbule	—	kungekhumbule
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizokhumbula	engizokhumbula	ngizokhumbula	angizukhumbula	engingezukhumbula	ngingezukhumbula
2nd singular	uzokhumbula	ozokhumbula	uzokhumbula	awuzukhumbula	ongezukhumbula	ungezukhumbula
1st plural	sizokhumbula	esizokhumbula	sizokhumbula	asizukhumbula	esingezukhumbula	singezukhumbula
2nd plural	nizokhumbula	enizokhumbula	nizokhumbula	anizukhumbula	eningezukhumbula	ningezukhumbula
Class 1	uzokhumbula	ozokhumbula	ezokhumbula	akazukhumbula	ongezukhumbula	engezukhumbula
Class 2	bazokhumbula	abazokhumbula	bezokhumbula	abazukhumbula	abangezukhumbula	bengezukhumbula
Class 3	uzokhumbula	ozokhumbula	uzokhumbula	awuzukhumbula	ongezukhumbula	ungezukhumbula
Class 4	izokhumbula	ezokhumbula	izokhumbula	ayizukhumbula	engezukhumbula	ingezukhumbula
Class 5	lizokhumbula	elizokhumbula	lizokhumbula	alizukhumbula	elingezukhumbula	lingezukhumbula
Class 6	azokhumbula	azokhumbula	ezokhumbula	awazukhumbula	angezukhumbula	engezukhumbula
Class 7	sizokhumbula	esizokhumbula	sizokhumbula	asizukhumbula	esingezukhumbula	singezukhumbula
Class 8	zizokhumbula	ezizokhumbula	zizokhumbula	azizukhumbula	ezingezukhumbula	zingezukhumbula
Class 9	izokhumbula	ezokhumbula	izokhumbula	ayizukhumbula	engezukhumbula	ingezukhumbula
Class 10	zizokhumbula	ezizokhumbula	zizokhumbula	azizukhumbula	ezingezukhumbula	zingezukhumbula
Class 11	luzokhumbula	oluzokhumbula	luzokhumbula	aluzukhumbula	olungezukhumbula	lungezukhumbula
Class 14	buzokhumbula	obuzokhumbula	buzokhumbula	abuzukhumbula	obungezukhumbula	bungezukhumbula
Class 15	kuzokhumbula	okuzokhumbula	kuzokhumbula	akuzukhumbula	okungezukhumbula	kungezukhumbula
Class 17	kuzokhumbula	okuzokhumbula	kuzokhumbula	akuzukhumbula	okungezukhumbula	kungezukhumbula
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyokhumbula	engiyokhumbula	ngiyokhumbula	angiyukhumbula	engingeyukhumbula	ngingeyukhumbula
2nd singular	uyokhumbula	oyokhumbula	uyokhumbula	awuyukhumbula	ongeyukhumbula	ungeyukhumbula
1st plural	siyokhumbula	esiyokhumbula	siyokhumbula	asiyukhumbula	esingeyukhumbula	singeyukhumbula
2nd plural	niyokhumbula	eniyokhumbula	niyokhumbula	aniyukhumbula	eningeyukhumbula	ningeyukhumbula
Class 1	uyokhumbula	oyokhumbula	eyokhumbula	akayukhumbula	ongeyukhumbula	engeyukhumbula
Class 2	bayokhumbula	abayokhumbula	beyokhumbula	abayukhumbula	abangeyukhumbula	bengeyukhumbula
Class 3	uyokhumbula	oyokhumbula	uyokhumbula	awuyukhumbula	ongeyukhumbula	ungeyukhumbula
Class 4	iyokhumbula	eyokhumbula	iyokhumbula	ayiyukhumbula	engeyukhumbula	ingeyukhumbula
Class 5	liyokhumbula	eliyokhumbula	liyokhumbula	aliyukhumbula	elingeyukhumbula	lingeyukhumbula
Class 6	ayokhumbula	ayokhumbula	eyokhumbula	awayukhumbula	angeyukhumbula	engeyukhumbula
Class 7	siyokhumbula	esiyokhumbula	siyokhumbula	asiyukhumbula	esingeyukhumbula	singeyukhumbula
Class 8	ziyokhumbula	eziyokhumbula	ziyokhumbula	aziyukhumbula	ezingeyukhumbula	zingeyukhumbula
Class 9	iyokhumbula	eyokhumbula	iyokhumbula	ayiyukhumbula	engeyukhumbula	ingeyukhumbula
Class 10	ziyokhumbula	eziyokhumbula	ziyokhumbula	aziyukhumbula	ezingeyukhumbula	zingeyukhumbula
Class 11	luyokhumbula	oluyokhumbula	luyokhumbula	aluyukhumbula	olungeyukhumbula	lungeyukhumbula
Class 14	buyokhumbula	obuyokhumbula	buyokhumbula	abuyukhumbula	obungeyukhumbula	bungeyukhumbula
Class 15	kuyokhumbula	okuyokhumbula	kuyokhumbula	akuyukhumbula	okungeyukhumbula	kungeyukhumbula
Class 17	kuyokhumbula	okuyokhumbula	kuyokhumbula	akuyukhumbula	okungeyukhumbula	kungeyukhumbula
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngikhumbule	ngingakhumbuli
2nd singular	ukhumbule	ungakhumbuli
1st plural	sikhumbule	singakhumbuli
2nd plural	nikhumbule	ningakhumbuli
Class 1	akhumbule	angakhumbuli
Class 2	bakhumbule	bangakhumbuli
Class 3	ukhumbule	ungakhumbuli
Class 4	ikhumbule	ingakhumbuli
Class 5	likhumbule	lingakhumbuli
Class 6	akhumbule	angakhumbuli
Class 7	sikhumbule	singakhumbuli
Class 8	zikhumbule	zingakhumbuli
Class 9	ikhumbule	ingakhumbuli
Class 10	zikhumbule	zingakhumbuli
Class 11	lukhumbule	lungakhumbuli
Class 14	bukhumbule	bungakhumbuli
Class 15	kukhumbule	kungakhumbuli
Class 17	kukhumbule	kungakhumbuli
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngakhumbula	ngangakhumbula, angakhumbula, angangakhumbula
2nd singular	wakhumbula	wangakhumbula, awakhumbula, awangakhumbula
1st plural	sakhumbula	sangakhumbula, asakhumbula, asangakhumbula
2nd plural	nakhumbula	nangakhumbula, anakhumbula, anangakhumbula
Class 1	wakhumbula	wangakhumbula, akakhumbula, akangakhumbula
Class 2	bakhumbula	bangakhumbula, abakhumbula, abangakhumbula
Class 3	wakhumbula	wangakhumbula, awakhumbula, awangakhumbula
Class 4	yakhumbula	yangakhumbula, ayakhumbula, ayangakhumbula
Class 5	lakhumbula	langakhumbula, alakhumbula, alangakhumbula
Class 6	akhumbula	angakhumbula, awakhumbula, awangakhumbula
Class 7	sakhumbula	sangakhumbula, asakhumbula, asangakhumbula
Class 8	zakhumbula	zangakhumbula, azakhumbula, azangakhumbula
Class 9	yakhumbula	yangakhumbula, ayakhumbula, ayangakhumbula
Class 10	zakhumbula	zangakhumbula, azakhumbula, azangakhumbula
Class 11	lwakhumbula	lwangakhumbula, alwakhumbula, alwangakhumbula
Class 14	bakhumbula	bangakhumbula, abakhumbula, abangakhumbula
Class 15	kwakhumbula	kwangakhumbula, akwakhumbula, akwangakhumbula
Class 17	kwakhumbula	kwangakhumbula, akwakhumbula, akwangakhumbula

Derived terms

inkumbulo

References

C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “khumbula”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “khumbula (3.2.9)”