ras

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ras"

English

Etymology 1

From Amharic ራስ (ras). More at Etymology 2.

Noun

ras (plural rases)

1. An Ethiopian king or prince.

Etymology 2

From Arabic رأس (raʔs, “head(land)”). Doublet of ras (Etymology 1) above, as well as of resh; further related to reis.

Noun

ras (plural rases)

1. A headland; a cape.

Usage notes

Chiefly found in proper names.

See also

• ras el hanout (etymologically unrelated)
• ras malai (etymologically unrelated)

Anagrams

• ARS, ARs, ASR, RSA, SAR, Sar, Sar., ars, asr

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Latin rāsus, perfect passive participle of rādere (“scrape, shave”). Cognate to Spanish raso.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈras]

Participle

ras (feminine rasa, masculine plural rasos, feminine plural rases)

1. past participle of raure

Adjective

ras (feminine rasa, masculine plural rasos, feminine plural rases)

1. close-cropped, shorn
2. smooth, flat, level
3. level, full to the brim (of a container)

   una mesura rasa de farina ― one level measure of flour

Noun

ras m (plural rasos)

1. open country, the open

   al ras ― in the open

Derived terms

• al ras
• rasa

Further reading

• “ras” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “ras” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
• “ras”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024

Czech

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈras]

Etymology 1

Noun

ras m anim

1. a knacker, i.e. a person whose job it is to remove animal carcasses

   Synonym: pohodný

2. a strict, cruel, even ruthless person

Declension

Declension of ras (hard masculine animate)

	singular	plural
nominative	ras	rasové
genitive	rasa	rasů
dative	rasovi, rasu	rasům
accusative	rasa	rasy
vocative	rase	rasové
locative	rasovi, rasu	rasech
instrumental	rasem	rasy

Etymology 2

Noun

ras

1. genitive plural of rasa

References

• “ras”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

Danish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /raːs/, [ʁɑːˀs]

Verb

ras

1. imperative of rase

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rɑs/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: ras
• Rhymes: -ɑs

Etymology 1

Borrowing from French race.

Noun

ras n (plural rassen, diminutive rasje n)

1. race, breed

Derived terms

• hondenras
• paardenras
• rasecht
• rassenhaat
• rassenleer
• rassenscheiding
• rassensegregatie
• raszuiver
• vuilnisbakkenras

Descendants

• → Indonesian: ras

Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch rasch, from Old Dutch *rasc, from Proto-Germanic *raskuz. Cognates include English rash, German rasch.

Adjective

ras (comparative rasser, superlative meest ras or rast)

1. (dated outside fixed expressions) quick

   Synonyms: snel, vlug, rap, rad, kwiek, gezwind

   Het project vordert met rasse schreden. ― The project is advancing rapidly.

Usage notes

• This word has mostly fallen in disuse outside of the set phrase met rasse schreden.

Declension

Declension of ras
uninflected	ras
inflected	rasse
comparative	rasser
		positive	comparative	superlative
predicative/adverbial		ras	rasser	het rast het raste
indefinite	m./f. sing.	rasse	rassere	raste
	n. sing.	ras	rasser	raste
	plural	rasse	rassere	raste
definite		rasse	rassere	raste
partitive		ras	rassers	—

Derived terms

• alras

 

French

Etymology 1

From Old French rés (remodelled after raser), itself from Latin rāsus. Doublet of rez.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʁa/ ~ /ʁɑ/
• Rhymes: -ɑ
• Homophone: raz

Adjective

ras (feminine rase, masculine plural ras, feminine plural rases)

1. short
2. close-cropped (of hair etc.)

Derived terms

• à ras de
• au ras de
• au ras des pâquerettes
• à ras bord
• en avoir ras la casquette
• en avoir ras le bol
• en avoir ras le cul
• rase campagne
• table rase

Related terms

• rasibus

Etymology 2

From Amharic.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʁas/ ~ /ʁɑs/
• Rhymes: -ɑs
• Homophones: race, races (short a only)

Noun

ras m (plural ras)

1. ras

Further reading

• “ras”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch ras, from French race, from Middle French rasse "entirety of ancestors and descendants of the same family or people", from Italian razza (13th century), of uncertain origin (more at razza).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈras]
• Hyphenation: ras

Noun

ras (plural ras-ras, first-person possessive rasku, second-person possessive rasmu, third-person possessive rasnya)

1. race

   Synonym: rumpun bangsa

Further reading

• “ras” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Italian

Etymology

Borrowed from Amharic ራስ (ras, “head”), from Proto-Semitic *raʾš- (“head”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈras/
• Rhymes: -as
• Hyphenation: ràs

Noun

ras m (invariable)

1. (historical) title of the second-highest grade in the hierarchy of the Ethiopian Empire; ras
2. (figurative, derogatory) any small local authority who exercises power despotically
3. a local boss of organized crime
4. (historical) a Fascist party official

Synonyms

• (Fascist official): gerarca

Related terms

• rais

See also

• negus
• degiac (ethiopian commander of a unit equivalent to a regiment, composed of two to three thousand men)

Lithuanian

Verb

ras

1. third-person singular future of rasti
2. third-person plural future of rasti

Malay

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ras]
• Rhymes: -ras, -as
• Hyphenation: ras

Etymology 1

From Dutch ras, from French race.

Noun

ras (Jawi spelling رس, plural ras-ras, informal 1st possessive rasku, 2nd possessive rasmu, 3rd possessive rasnya)

1. (anthropology) A race.

   Synonyms: keturunan, kaum, bangsa, puak, etnik

   ras Cina ― Chinese race

Related terms

• rasis
• rasisme

 

Etymology 2

Onomatopoeic.

Noun

ras (Jawi spelling رس, informal 1st possessive rasku, 2nd possessive rasmu, 3rd possessive rasnya)

1. (Onomatopoeia) A rustling sound.

Etymology 3

From Hindi रास (rās) or Urdu راس (rās).

Noun

ras (Jawi spelling رس, plural ras-ras, informal 1st possessive rasku, 2nd possessive rasmu, 3rd possessive rasnya)

1. The reins used by a horse rider to guide a horse.

   Synonym: kekang

Further reading

• “ras” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Maltese

Root
r-j-s
2 terms

Etymology

From Arabic رَأْس (raʔs). The word is masculine in standard Arabic, but the feminine is found in some dialects, so there is no need to assume influence by Sicilian testa (though this is not ruled out).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /raːs/

Noun

ras f (dual (uncommon) rasejn, plural rjus, diminutive rwajsa)

1. (anatomy) head
   • 1970, Anton Buttigieg, “Lis-Sena l-Ġdida 1964”, in Fl-Arena:

     X’sejra ġġibilna ġewwa l-fardal tiegħek.
     ja Sena Ġdida?
     Ah! biegħed minna
     il-għelt, il-ġlied,
     id-demm bejn l-aħwa;
     rażżan ir-regħba u l-ġibdiet tal-ħakma,
     rattab l-irjus u l-qlub,
     ġibilna s-sabar ta’ xulxin, l-imħabba,
     ġibilna l-għaqda,
     ġibilna s-sliem,
     ġibilna l-ħelsien!

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. (measure word for livestock or people in a crowd) a single animal or person.
3. beginning
4. front part
5. promontory, headland, cape
6. chief, leader
7. bulb (of garlic)
8. top
9. intellect
10. (in the plural) chapters

Derived terms

• Ras ir-Randan

 

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Old Norse ras, compare with the verb rase.

Noun

ras n (definite singular raset, indefinite plural ras, definite plural rasa or rasene)

1. an avalanche, landslide, landslip

Synonyms

• skred

Derived terms

• jordras
• snøras
• steinras
• takras

Etymology 2

Verb

ras

1. imperative of rase

References

• “ras” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “ras_2” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse ras, compare with rase.

Noun

ras n (definite singular raset, indefinite plural ras, definite plural rasa)

1. an avalanche, landslide, landslip

Synonyms

• skred

Derived terms

• jordras
• snøras
• steinras
• takras

References

• “ras” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rɑːs/

Verb

rās

1. first/third-person singular preterite indicative of rīsan

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈras/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -as
• Syllabification: ras
• Homophone: raz

Noun

ras

1. genitive plural of rasa

Romanian

Etymology

Inherited from Latin rāsus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ras/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -as

Verb

ras (past participle of rade)

1. past participle of rade

Adjective

ras m or n (feminine singular rasă, masculine plural rași, feminine and neuter plural rase)

1. shaved, shaven

Declension

		singular				plural
		masculine	neuter	feminine		masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative- accusative	indefinite	ras		rasă		rași	rase
	definite	rasul		rasa		rașii	rasele
genitive- dative	indefinite	ras		rase		rași	rase
	definite	rasului		rasei		rașilor	rasilor

Antonyms

• neras

Related terms

• rade
• răsură

Russenorsk

Etymology

From Russian a time with a semantic change of unknown origin.

Noun

ras

1. a day

   Nogli ras paa kastel ju stannom?

   How many days have you been in the jail?

Synonyms

• dag

Derived terms

• gammel ras (yesterday)

References

• Ingvild Broch, Ernst H. Jahr (1984) Russenorsk: Et pidginspråk i Norge [Russenorsk: A pidgin language in Norway], 2 edition, Oslo: Novus Forlag

Spanish

Etymology

Deverbal from rasar, from raso (“level”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈras/ [ˈras]
• Rhymes: -as
• Syllabification: ras

Noun

ras m (plural rases)

1. evenness, levelness

Derived terms

• a ras
• a ras de tierra
• ras con ras

 

Further reading

• “ras”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28

Swedish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rɑːs/

• Audio (Gotland):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑːs

Etymology 1

From Old Norse rás (“race”), from Proto-Germanic *rēsō.

Noun

ras c

1. a race (a large group of individuals of the same species set apart from others on the basis of a common heritage), a breed

   hundraser ― dog breeds

Declension

Declension of ras

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	ras	ras
	definite	rasen	rasens
plural	indefinite	raser	rasers
	definite	raserna	rasernas

Derived terms

• hundras
• kattras
• rasben
• rasbiologi
• rasbiologisk
• rasblandning
• rasbråk
• rasdiskriminerande
• rasdiskriminering
• rasdjur
• rasfråga
• rasfrände
• rasfördom
• rasförföljelse
• rasförtryck
• rashat
• rashatare
• rashets
• rashetsare
• rashund
• rashygien
• rashygienisk
• rashäst
• rashögfärd
• rasism
• rasist
• rasistisk
• raskamp
• raskatt
• raskravaller
• raskrig
• raslag
• raslig
• raslära
• rasmotsättning
• rasmässig
• raspolitik
• raspolitisk
• rasproblem
• rasprogram
• rasren
• rasrenhet
• rassegregation
• rasskillnad
• rastillhörighet
• rastänkande
• rasåtskillnad
• renrasig

 

Etymology 2

Verbal noun of rasa. Compare Danish and Norwegian ras.

Noun

ras n

1. a collapse (of a building)
2. a mudslide (geological disaster)
3. a cave in, a collapse inward or downward
4. a fall (of stock market values)
5. (archaic to obsolete) romp, frolic (lively play)
   • 1891, “Det var dans bort i vägen [There was a dance down the road]”, Gustaf Fröding (lyrics), Helfrid Lambert (music)‎^[2]performed by Sven-Ingvars:

     In i snåret av björkar och alar och hassel, var det viskande snack, det var tissel och tassel, bland de skymmande skuggorna där. Det var ras, det var lek över stockar och stenar, det var kutter och smek, under lummiga grenar. Vill du ha mig, så har du mig här!

     In the thicket of birches and alders and hazel, there was whispered [whispering] chatter, there was tittling and tattling, among the obscuring shadows there. There was romp, there was play over logs and rocks, there was cooing and caressing, under leafy branches. If you want me, you have me here!

Declension

Declension of ras

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	ras	ras
	definite	raset	rasets
plural	indefinite	ras	ras
	definite	rasen	rasens

Related terms

• rasa
• rasbrant
• rasera
• rasering
• rasgräns
• raskant
• rasmassa
• rasolycka
• rasrisk
• snöras
• stenras

 

References

• ras in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• ras in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• ras in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Anagrams

• -sar, ars

Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /raːs/
• Rhymes: -aːs

Etymology 1

From English race.

Noun

ras f (plural rasys, not mutable)

1. race (contest)

Derived terms

• cae ras m (“racecourse”)
• rasio (“race”, verb)

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

ras

1. Soft mutation of gras (“grace”).

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ras”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies