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rime

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: rimé and ríme

English

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WOTD – 1 December 2023

Pronunciation

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Rime (etymology 1, sense 1) on trees.

Etymology 1

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The noun is derived from Middle English rim, rime, rym, ryme (“hoar frost; rime”),[1] from Old English hrīm (“frost”), from Proto-West Germanic *hrīm (“rime; hoar frost”), from Proto-Germanic *hrīmą (North Germanic), *hrīmaz, *hrīmô (“rime; hoar frost”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *krey- (“to graze, touch; to streak”).[2][3]

The verb is derived from the noun. (The Old English equivalent, which did not survive into modern English, was behrīman.)[3][4]

cognates

Noun

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rime (countable and uncountable, plural rimes)

  2. Archaic in the form rimes: originally, any frozen dew forming a white deposit on exposed surfaces; hoar frost (sense 1).
    Coordinate terms: dew, glaze
    • 1701, Nehemiah Grew, “Of the Principles of Bodies”, in Cosmologia Sacra: Or A Discourse of the Universe as It is the Creature and Kingdom of God. […], London: […] W[illiam] Rogers, S[amuel] Smith, and B[enjamin] Walford: […], →OCLC, 1st book, paragraph 33, page 16:
      In a Hoar-Froſt, that vvhich vve call a Rime, is a Multitude of Quadrangular Priſmes, exactly figured, but piled vvithout any Order, one over another.
    • 1791, [Erasmus Darwin], “Canto IV”, in The Botanic Garden; a Poem, in Two Parts. […], London: J[oseph] Johnson, […], →OCLC, part I (The Economy of Vegetation), page 204, lines 523–526:
      Sylphs! if vvith morn deſtructive Eurus ſprings, / O, claſp the Harebel vvith your velvet vvings; / Screen vvith thick leaves the Jaſmine as it blovvs, / And ſhake the vvhite rime from the ſhuddering Roſe; […]
    • 1820 (date written), Percy Bysshe Shelley, “The Witch of Atlas”, in Mary W[ollstonecraft] Shelley, editor, Posthumous Poems of Percy Bysshe Shelley, London: […] [C. H. Reynell] for John and Henry L[eigh] Hunt, […], published 1824, →OCLC, stanza XLIV, page 43:
      And moonlight splendour of intensest rime, / With which frost paints the pines in winter time.
    • 1821 September–October, [Thomas De Quincey], “[Part I.] Preliminary Confessions.”, in Confessions of an English Opium-Eater, 2nd edition, London: […] [J. Moyes] for Taylor and Hessey, […], published 1823, →OCLC, page 71:
      The night had been heavy and lowering: but towards the morning it had changed to a slight frost: and the ground and the trees were now covered with rime.
    • 1846, Walter Savage Landor, “[Miscellaneous.] [Poem] CCXX.”, in The Works of Walter Savage Landor. […], volume II, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 656, column 1:
      But there are accents sweeter far / When Love leaps down our evening star, / Holds back the blighting wings of Time, / Melts with his breath the crusty rime, […]
      A figurative use.
    • 1883 March, Thomas Hardy, “The Three Strangers”, in Wessex Tales: Strange, Lively, and Commonplace […], volume I, London; New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., published 1888, →OCLC, page 5:
      The raw rimes were not so pernicious as in the hollows, and the frosts were scarcely so severe.
    • 1899, Knut Hamsun, “Part III”, in George Egerton [pseudonym; Mary Chavelita Dunne Bright], transl., Hunger […], London: Leonard Smithers and Co […], →OCLC, page 167:
      I rose, put on my shoes, and began to walk up and down the floor to try and warm myself. I looked out; there was rime on the window; it was snowing.
  3. (figurative)
    1. A film or slimy coating.
    2. White hair as an indication of old age.
  4. (meteorology)
    2. Ice formed by the rapid freezing of cold water droplets of fog on to a cold surface.
      Synonyms: frost, (loosely) hoar frost
    3. A coating or sheet of ice so formed.
  5. (British, regional) A cold fog or mist.
    • 1896, J[ames] M[atthew] Barrie, “End of the Jacobite Rising”, in Sentimental Tommy: The Story of His Boyhood, London, Paris: Cassell and Company […], →OCLC, page 341:
      When Tommy and Elspeth reached the Den the mist lay so thick that they had to feel their way though it to the Ailie, where they found Gavinia alone and scared. […] "As sure as death," she said, "there was some living thing standing there; I couldna see it for the rime, but I heard it breathing hard."
Usage notes
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Rime (sense 3.1) technically differs from hoar frost, as the latter is formed by water vapour which has undergone deposition or desublimation (“transformation directly into ice crystals without first turning into liquid water”).

Derived terms
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Translations
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Verb

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rime (third-person singular simple present rimes, present participle riming, simple past and past participle rimed)

  1. (transitive)
    1. To cover (something) with rime (noun sense 1 or sense 3.1) or (loosely) hoar frost.
    2. (figurative) To cover (something) with a thin coating or film; to coat.
      • 1907, Neil Munro, chapter XXXII, in Bud […], New York, N.Y., London: Harper & Brothers, →OCLC, page 300:
        Oh, London, London! […] the mornings silvery gray, and the multitudinous monuments rimed by years, thunder of hoofs in ways without end, and the silence of mighty parks—Bud lay awake in the nights to think of them.
  2. (intransitive) Sometimes followed by up: of a thing: to become covered with rime or (loosely) hoar frost.
Derived terms
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Translations
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Etymology 2

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A variant of rhyme (noun and verb), from Middle English rim, rime, ryme (“identical sound in words from the vowel in their stressed syllables to their ends; measure, meter, rhythm; song, verse, etc., with rhyming lines”, noun),[5] and Middle English rimen, rymen, rim, rime (“to recite or write verse; to sing songs; to tell a story in verse; to fit into verse; (figurative) to agree, make sense”, verb):[6] see further at rhyme.

Noun

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rime (countable and uncountable, plural rimes)

  1. Archaic spelling of rhyme (“word that rhymes with another, in that it is pronounced identically with the other word from the vowel in its stressed syllable to the end, etc.)
    Samuel Taylor Coleridge wrote The Rime of the Ancient Mariner in 1797–1798.
  2. (linguistics) The second part of a syllable, from the vowel on (as opposed to the onset).
Derived terms
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Verb

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rime (third-person singular simple present rimes, present participle riming, simple past and past participle rimed)

  1. Archaic spelling of rhyme.
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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From Middle English rimen, rime (“to count, enumerate”) [and other forms],[7] from Old English rīman, rȳman (“to count, number, reckon; to calculate, compute, count up; to enumerate, recount; to account, esteem as”) (rare), from Proto-Germanic *rīmijaną, *rīmaną (“to count, enumerate”), from Proto-Indo-European *(a)rēy- (“to add; to count; to customize; to order, regulate”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₂rey- (“to arrange; to count”), ultimately from *h₂er- (“to fit, put together; to fix; to slot”),[8] and thus a doublet of rhyme.

Verb

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rime (third-person singular simple present rimes, present participle riming, simple past and past participle rimed)

  1. (transitive, intransitive, Lincolnshire, archaic) Followed by up: to count (something); to number, to reckon.
    Synonym: enumerate
Translations
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Etymology 4

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From Middle English rimen, rime (“to clear (a way); to make room for (something); to open up (something); to prepare (something)”) [and other forms],[9] from Old English rīmen, rȳman (“to make roomy, enlarge, extend, spread, widen; to make clear by removing obstructions, to clear a way, clear, open up; to amplify; to prolong”) [and other forms], from Proto-West Germanic *rūmijan (“to clear out, make room”), from Proto-Germanic *rūmijaną (“to clear out, make room”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *rewh₁- (“to open; wide”).[10] Doublet of room.

Verb

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rime (third-person singular simple present rimes, present participle riming, simple past and past participle rimed) (transitive)

  1. Synonym of ream
    1. To enlarge (a hole), especially using a tool such as a reamer.
    2. To remove debris from inside (something, such as a freshly bored hole or a pipe) using a tool.
Derived terms
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  • ream (“to enlarge (a hole), etc.”) (possibly)
  • rimer
Translations
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Etymology 5

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From Irish ruaim, from Old Irish rúam (“alder tree; alder bark; dye for wool made from alder bark; dun or red colour”) (probably whence Irish ruaimnigh, Old Irish rúamnaigid (“to dye red”)); further etymology unknown.[11]

Verb

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rime (third-person singular simple present rimes, present participle riming, simple past and past participle rimed)

  1. (transitive, Ireland, rare) To dye (wool or yarn) reddish-brown by boiling or soaking in water with alder twigs.
Derived terms
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Translations
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Etymology 6

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The noun is derived from Late Middle English rim (“cleft, crack, fissure”),[12] from Latin rīma (“chink, cleft, crack, fissure”),[13] ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *reyH- (“to cut; to tear”). Doublet of rima.

The verb is derived from Latin rīmārī, the present active infinitive of rīmor (“to explore; to probe; to search”), from rīma (see above)[14] + -or.

Noun

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rime (plural rimes)

  1. (obsolete) A narrow aperture or opening; a chink, a crack, a fissure; a rent, a rip. [from early 17th c.]
    • 1607, Conradus Gesnerus [i.e., Conrad Gessner], Edward Topsell, “Of Cowes”, in The Historie of Foure-footed Beastes. […], London: […] William Iaggard, →OCLC, page 83:
      [T]he ſevvet of oxen […] is alſo good againſt the inflammation of the eares, the ſtupidity and dulneſſe of the teeth, the running of the eyes, the vlcers and rimes of the mouth, and ſtiffneſſe of the neck.
    • 1646, Thomas Browne, “Of the Passage of Meate and Drinke”, in Pseudodoxia Epidemica: […], London: […] T[homas] H[arper] for Edward Dod, […], →OCLC, 4th book, paragraph 10, page 198:
      [T]hough birds have no Epiglottis, yet can they ſo contract the rime or chinck of their Larinx, as to prevent the admiſſion of vvet or dry ingeſted, […]
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Verb

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rime (third-person singular simple present rimes, present participle riming, simple past and past participle rimed)

  1. (intransitive, obsolete, rare) Followed by into: to probe, to pry.

References

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  1. ^ “rīm(e, n.(4)”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
  2. ^ Compare “rime, n.1”, in OED Online Paid subscription required⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, July 2023.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 “rime1, n. and v.”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
  4. ^ “rime, v.3”, in OED Online Paid subscription required⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, July 2023.
  5. ^ “rīm(e, n.(3)”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
  6. ^ “rīmen, v.(1)”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
  7. ^ “rīmen, v.(2)”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
  8. ^ Contrast “rime, v.1”, in OED Online Paid subscription required⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, July 2023, which derives the word from Middle English rime (“number”, noun): see “rīme, n.(5)”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
  9. ^ “rīmen, v.(3)”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
  10. ^ Compare “rime, v.2”, in OED Online Paid subscription required⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, July 2023.
  11. ^ “rime, v.4”, in OED Online Paid subscription required⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, July 2023.
  12. ^ “rīm, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
  13. ^ “rime, n.3”, in OED Online Paid subscription required⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, July 2023.
  14. ^ “rime, v.5”, in OED Online Paid subscription required⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, September 2023.

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Danish

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Etymology

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Through Old French from Medieval Latin rithmus, rhythmus.

Verb

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rime (imperative rim, infinitive at rime, present tense rimer, past tense rimede, perfect tense rimet)

  1. to rhyme

References

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French

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Etymology

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Inherited from Middle French rime, from Old French rime, which see.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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rime f (plural rimes)

  1. rhyme
    • 1903, Louise-Victorine Ackermann, Pensées d'une solitaire‎[1], page 43:
      Le poète est bien plus un évocateur de sentiments et d’images qu’un arrangeur de rimes et de mots.
      The poet is rather more an evoker of feelings and images than an arranger of rhymes and words.

Derived terms

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Verb

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rime

  1. inflection of rimer:
    1. first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
    2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Italian

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Noun

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rime f

  1. plural of rima

Anagrams

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Middle Dutch

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Etymology

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Through Old French from Medieval Latin rithmus, rhythmus.

Noun

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rime m or f

  1. line of poetry, verse
  2. rhyme

Inflection

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This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants

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  • Dutch: rijm

Further reading

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Middle English

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Etymology

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Uncertain. Either of Germanic origin, from Old English rīm (“number”), from Proto-Germanic *rīmą (“counting”) or from Old French rime, from Medieval Latin rhythmus (“cadence”).

Noun

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rime (plural rimes)

  1. number
    Þatt full wel iss bitacnedd Þurrh tale & rime off fowwerrtiȝ, Off fowwerr siþe tene. — Ormulum, c1200
    (That full well is betokened thru tale and the number of forty, of four times ten.)
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Descendants

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Norwegian Bokmål

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /riː.me/, [ˈɾiː.mə]

Etymology 1

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From the noun rim, from Old Norse rím, from French rime.

Verb

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rime (imperative rim, present tense rimer, simple past rimte or rimet or rima, past participle rimt or rima)

  1. to rhyme
  2. to match, line up
    Informasjonen han ga rimte ikke med det vi allerede viste.
    The information he gave us didn't match with what we already knew.

Etymology 2

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From rim, from Old Norse hrím.

Verb

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rime (imperative rim, present tense rimer, simple past rimet or rima, past participle rimt or rima)

  1. to rime

References

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“rime” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /riː.me/, [ˈɾiː.mə]

Alternative forms

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Etymology 1

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From rim, from Old Norse rím, from French rime.

Verb

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rime (imperative rim, present tense rimar, simple past rima, past participle rima)

  1. to rhyme
  2. to match, line up

Etymology 2

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From rim, from Old Norse hrím.

Verb

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rime (imperative rim, present tense rimar, simple past rima, past participle rima)

  1. to rime

Etymology 3

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From Old Norse rimi.

Noun

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rime

  1. an elongated row of hills or low mountains
Synonyms
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References

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“rime” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old French

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Etymology

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Uncertain. Either of Germanic origin, from Frankish *rīm, from Proto-Germanic *rīmą (“counting”) or from Medieval Latin rithmus, rhythmus (“cadence”).

Noun

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rime oblique singular, f (oblique plural rimes, nominative singular rime, nominative plural rimes)

  1. rhyme
  2. story, tale, account
    Synonyms: conte, cunte

Descendants

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Portuguese

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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rime

  1. inflection of rimar:
    1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
    2. third-person singular imperative

Spanish

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Verb

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rime

  1. inflection of rimar:
    1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
    2. third-person singular imperative
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