roer

See also: rœr, rör, and Roer

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch roer, roeder, from Middle Dutch roeder, from Old Dutch *ruother, from Proto-Germanic *rōþrą.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

roer (plural roers, diminutive roertjie)

1. A rifle, a gun.
2. A rudder.

Asturian

Alternative forms

• royer

Etymology

Inherited from Latin rōdere, from Proto-Indo-European *rōd-, contracted o-grade form of *reh₁d- (“to gnaw, scrape, scratch”).

Verb

roer

1. to gnaw (to bite something persistently)

Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Danish

Etymology 1

From ro (“to row”) +‎ -er.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /roːər/, [ˈʁoːˀɐ]

Noun

roer c (singular definite roeren, plural indefinite roere)

1. rower
2. oarsman, oarswoman

Declension

Declension of roer

common gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	roer	roeren	roere	roerne
genitive	roers	roerens	roeres	roernes

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /roːər/, [ˈʁoːɐ]

Noun

roer c

1. indefinite plural of roe (“beet, rutabaga, turnip”)

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rur/, [ruːr]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: roer
• Rhymes: -ur

Etymology 1

From a contraction of earlier roeder, from Middle Dutch roeder, from Old Dutch *ruother, from Proto-West Germanic *rōþr, from Proto-Germanic *rōþrą.

Cognate with West Frisian roer, German Ruder, English rudder.

Noun

roer n (plural roeren, diminutive roertje n)

1. a boat's wheel
2. a rudder, device to steer a vessel
3. (figuratively) (used absolutely, with the definite article: het roer) control

   aan het roer staan — to have (situation, etc.) under control, to be in charge

Derived terms

• roerganger
• roerwiel

Descendants

• Afrikaans: roer
• → Russian: руль (rulʹ)
  • → Armenian: ռուլ (ṙul)
  • → Azerbaijani: rul
  • → Georgian: რული (ruli)
  • → Kazakh: рөл (röl)
  • → Persian: رل (rol)

Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch roer, from Proto-Germanic *rauzą (“tube”). Cognate with German Rohr. The modern Dutch -oe- instead of expected -oo- is unexplained.

Noun

roer n (plural roeren, diminutive roertje n)

1. (historical) light musket, matchlock gun

   Synonym: vuurroer

Derived terms

• blaasroer
• roerdrager
• vuurroer

Descendants

• Afrikaans: roer
• Jersey Dutch: rûr
• Negerhollands: roer, ru

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

roer

1. inflection of roeren:
   1. first-person singular present indicative
   2. (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
   3. imperative

Galician

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese roer, inherited from Latin rōdere, from Proto-Indo-European *rōd-, contracted o-grade form of *reh₁d- (“to gnaw, scrape, scratch”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /roˈeɾ/

Verb

roer (first-person singular present roio, first-person singular preterite roín, past participle roído)
roer (first-person singular present roo, first-person singular preterite roim or roí, past participle roído, reintegrationist norm)

1. (transitive) to gnaw, to nibble, to bite
   • 1555, Hernán Núñez, Refranes en Romance:

     As veces ruyn gadela roy boa correa

     Sometimes a bad bitch gnaws a good leash

   • 1697, several authors, Fiestas Minervales, Santiago: Antonio Frayz, page 34:

     Dubido do que farei / Para saír desta enfeita / Maxino roer as uñas / E bourar mui ben na testa

     I'm dubious on what to do / To exit of this preparation / I imagine myself biting my nails / And ably beating my head

   • 1862, Manuel Magariños, Ferro-carril Compostelano:

     Cada vez a cousa engorda,
     como que incha a ollos vistos,
     Pro, si incha, non estoura;
     como o pelexo enteirizo
     da castaña agüenta e fofa
     pra levála o enemincho;
     Cando máis, si algo rebenta,
     e arregaña, é o ourizo,
     pra guindar limpa a castaña
     e roer fruto tan rico

     The thing grows at every time,
     as it swells in plain sight,
     but, although it swells, it does not burst;
     as the one-piece peel
     of the soft watery chestnuts
     you take to an enemy;
     at most, if something pops
     and cracks is the burr,
     to throw clean the chestnut
     and nibble such a rich fruit

2. (transitive) to corrode

Conjugation

    Conjugation of roer (irregular)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	roer
Personal	roer	roeres	roer	roermos	roerdes	roeren
Gerund
	roendo
Past participle
Masculine	roído			roídos
Feminine	roída			roídas
Indicative
Present	roio	roes	roe	roemos	roedes	roen
Imperfect	roía	roías	roía	roïamos	roïades	roían
Preterite	roín	roíches	roeu	roemos	roestes	roeron
Pluperfect	roera	roeras	roera	roeramos	roerades	roeran
Future	roerei	roerás	roerá	roeremos	roeredes	roerán
Conditional	roería	roerías	roería	roeriamos	roeriades	roerían
Subjunctive
Present	roia	roias	roia	roiamos	roiades	roian
Imperfect	roese	roeses	roese	roésemos	roésedes	roesen
Future	roer	roeres	roer	roermos	roerdes	roeren
Imperative
Affirmative		roe	roia	roiamos	roede	roian
Negative (non)		non roias	non roia	non roiamos	non roiades	non roian

    Reintegrated conjugation of roer (irregular) (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	roer
Personal	roer	roeres	roer	roermos	roerdes	roerem
Gerund
	roendo
Past participle
Masculine	roído			roídos
Feminine	roída			roídas
Indicative
Present	roo, roio1	róis	rói	roemos	roedes, roeis	roem
Imperfect	roía	roías	roía	roíamos	roíades, roíeis, roíais1	roíam
Preterite	roim, roí	roeste, roeche1	roeu	roemos	roestes	roêrom, roeram
Pluperfect	roera	roeras	roera	roêramos	roêrades, roêreis, roêrais1	roeram
Future	roerei	roerás	roerá	roeremos	roeredes, roereis	roerám, roerão
Conditional	roeria	roerias	roeria	roeríamos	roeríades, roeríeis, roeríais1	roeriam
Subjunctive
Present	roa, roia1	roas, roias1	roa, roia1	roamos, roiamos1	roades, roais, roiades1	roam, roiam1
Imperfect	roesse	roesses	roesse	roêssemos	roêssedes, roêsseis	roessem
Future	roer	roeres	roer	roermos	roerdes	roerem
Imperative
Affirmative		rói	roa, roia1	roamos, roiamos1	roede, roei	roam, roiam1
Negative (nom)		nom roas, nom roias1	nom roa, nom roia1	nom roamos, nom roiamos1	nom roades, nom roais, nom roiades1	nom roam, nom roiam1

¹Less recommended.

Derived terms

• hai que roelo (“we/you/they must endure it”, literally “(you/we) should gnaw it”)

References

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “roer”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “roer”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “roer”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “roer”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From ro (“row”) +‎ -er.

Noun

roer m (definite singular roeren, indefinite plural roere, definite plural roerne)

1. an oarsman, rower

Etymology 2

Verb

roer

1. present of roe

References

• “roer” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Portuguese

Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese roer, from Latin rōdere, from Proto-Indo-European *rōd-, contracted o-grade form of *reh₁d- (“to gnaw, scrape, scratch”).

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ʁoˈe(ʁ)/ [hoˈe(h)], /ʁuˈe(ʁ)/ [hʊˈe(h)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈʁwe(ʁ)/ [ˈhwe(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ʁoˈe(ʁ)/ [hoˈe(h)], /ʁuˈe(ʁ)/ [hʊˈe(h)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈʁwe(ʁ)/ [ˈhwe(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ʁoˈe(ɾ)/ [hoˈe(ɾ)], /ʁuˈe(ɾ)/ [hʊˈe(ɾ)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈʁwe(ɾ)/ [ˈhwe(ɾ)]
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ʁoˈe(ʁ)/ [χoˈe(χ)], /ʁuˈe(ʁ)/ [χʊˈe(χ)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈʁwe(ʁ)/ [ˈχwe(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ʁoˈe(ɻ)/ [hoˈe(ɻ)], /ʁuˈe(ɻ)/ [hʊˈe(ɻ)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈʁwe(ɻ)/ [ˈhwe(ɻ)]

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈʁweɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈʁweɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈʁwe.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: ro‧er

Verb

roer (first-person singular present roo, first-person singular preterite roí, past participle roído)

1. to gnaw
   • 1917, Raul Brandão, Húmus, 2ª edição

     Ouço sempre o mesmo ruido de morte que devagar roe e persiste...

     I always hear the same slowly gnawing and persistent noise of death...

   O rato está roendo. ― The mouse is gnawing.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of roer (irregular) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	roer
Personal	roer	roeres	roer	roermos	roerdes	roerem
Gerund
	roendo
Past participle
Masculine	roído			roídos
Feminine	roída			roídas
Indicative
Present	roo, rôo1	róis	rói	roemos	roeis	roem
Imperfect	roía	roías	roía	roíamos	roíeis	roíam
Preterite	roí	roeste	roeu	roemos	roestes	roeram
Pluperfect	roera	roeras	roera	roêramos	roêreis	roeram
Future	roerei	roerás	roerá	roeremos	roereis	roerão
Conditional	roeria	roerias	roeria	roeríamos	roeríeis	roeriam
Subjunctive
Present	roa	roas	roa	roamos	roais	roam
Imperfect	roesse	roesses	roesse	roêssemos	roêsseis	roessem
Future	roer	roeres	roer	roermos	roerdes	roerem
Imperative
Affirmative		rói	roa	roamos	roei	roam
Negative (não)		não roas	não roa	não roamos	não roais	não roam

¹Superseded.

Derived terms

• osso duro de roer

Related terms

• roedor
• corroer

Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish roer, inherited from Latin rōdere, from Proto-Indo-European *rōd-, contracted o-grade form of *reh₁d- (“gnaw, scrape, scratch”). Related to English rodent.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /roˈeɾ/ [roˈeɾ]
• Rhymes: -eɾ
• Syllabification: ro‧er

Verb

roer (first-person singular present roo or roigo or royo, first-person singular preterite roí, past participle roído)

1. to gnaw
2. to pick at
3. to wear down

Conjugation

    Conjugation of roer (irregular) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			roer
gerund			royendo
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		roído		roída
		plural		roídos		roídas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	roo, roigo, royo	roestú roésvos	roe	roemos	roéis	roen
	imperfect	roía	roías	roía	roíamos	roíais	roían
	preterite	roí	roíste	royó	roímos	roísteis	royeron
	future	roeré	roerás	roerá	roeremos	roeréis	roerán
	conditional	roería	roerías	roería	roeríamos	roeríais	roerían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	roa, roiga, roya	roas, roigas, royastú roás, roigás, royásvos2	roa, roiga, roya	roamos, roigamos, royamos	roáis, roigáis, royáis	roan, roigan, royan
	imperfect (ra)	royera	royeras	royera	royéramos	royerais	royeran
	imperfect (se)	royese	royeses	royese	royésemos	royeseis	royesen
	future1	royere	royeres	royere	royéremos	royereis	royeren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		roetú roévos	roa, roiga, roya	roamos, roigamos, royamos	roed	roan, roigan, royan
	negative		no roas, no roigas, no royas	no roa, no roiga, no roya	no roamos, no roigamos, no royamos	no roáis, no roigáis, no royáis	no roan, no roigan, no royan

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of roer (irregular)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive roer
	dative	roerme	roerte	roerle, roerse	roernos	roeros	roerles, roerse
	accusative	roerme	roerte	roerlo, roerla, roerse	roernos	roeros	roerlos, roerlas, roerse
with gerund royendo
	dative	royéndome	royéndote	royéndole, royéndose	royéndonos	royéndoos	royéndoles, royéndose
	accusative	royéndome	royéndote	royéndolo, royéndola, royéndose	royéndonos	royéndoos	royéndolos, royéndolas, royéndose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative roe
	dative	róeme	róete	róele	róenos	not used	róeles
	accusative	róeme	róete	róelo, róela	róenos	not used	róelos, róelas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative roé
	dative	roeme	roete	roele	roenos	not used	roeles
	accusative	roeme	roete	roelo, roela	roenos	not used	roelos, roelas
with formal second-person singular imperative roa, roiga, roya
	dative	róame, róigame, róyame	not used	róale, róigale, róyale, róase, róigase, róyase	róanos, róiganos, róyanos	not used	róales, róigales, róyales
	accusative	róame, róigame, róyame	not used	róalo, róigalo, róyalo, róala, róigala, róyala, róase, róigase, róyase	róanos, róiganos, róyanos	not used	róalos, róigalos, róyalos, róalas, róigalas, róyalas
with first-person plural imperative roamos, roigamos, royamos
	dative	not used	roámoste, roigámoste, royámoste	roámosle, roigámosle, royámosle	roámonos, roigámonos, royámonos	roámoos, roigámoos, royámoos	roámosles, roigámosles, royámosles
	accusative	not used	roámoste, roigámoste, royámoste	roámoslo, roigámoslo, royámoslo, roámosla, roigámosla, royámosla	roámonos, roigámonos, royámonos	roámoos, roigámoos, royámoos	roámoslos, roigámoslos, royámoslos, roámoslas, roigámoslas, royámoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative roed
	dative	roedme	not used	roedle	roednos	roeos	roedles
	accusative	roedme	not used	roedlo, roedla	roednos	roeos	roedlos, roedlas
with formal second-person plural imperative roan, roigan, royan
	dative	róanme, róiganme, róyanme	not used	róanle, róiganle, róyanle	róannos, róigannos, róyannos	not used	róanles, róiganles, róyanles, róanse, róiganse, róyanse
	accusative	róanme, róiganme, róyanme	not used	róanlo, róiganlo, róyanlo, róanla, róiganla, róyanla	róannos, róigannos, róyannos	not used	róanlos, róiganlos, róyanlos, róanlas, róiganlas, róyanlas, róanse, róiganse, róyanse

Derived terms

• hueso duro de roer (“tough cookie, tough nut to crack”)
• roedor

 

Related terms

• roso

 

Further reading

• “roer”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28