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soma

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Appendix:Variations of "soma"

English

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From New Latin, from Ancient Greek σῶμα (sôma, “body”).

Noun

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soma (plural somas or somata)

  1. (anatomy) The whole axial portion of an animal, including the head, neck, trunk, and tail.
  2. (biology) The body of an organism in contrast to the germ cells.
  3. (cytology) The bulbous part of a neuron, containing the cell nucleus.
  4. (philosophy) The corporeal body, as distinguished from the psyche or soul and the pneuma or spirit.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:body
Derived terms
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Translations
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Etymology 2

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Transliteration of Sanskrit सोम (soma). Doublet of haoma.

English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Noun

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soma (uncountable)

  1. (Vedic religion) A ritual drink in ancient Vedic culture, obtained by pressing the Soma plant.
    • 2006, Karen Armstrong, The Great Transformation, Atlantic Books, published 2007, page 82:
      Once he had drunk the intoxicating soma, he experienced an ascent to the gods without having to die a violent death, as in the old ritual.
  2. (by extension, science fiction) Any kind of intoxicating drug.
    • 1932, Aldous Huxley, Brave New World‎[2], London: Chatto & Windus:
      […] there is always soma, delicious soma, half a gramme for a half-holiday, a gramme for a week-end, two grammes for a trip to the gorgeous East, three for a dark eternity on the moon […]
Alternative forms
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Translations
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Translations

Anagrams

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Dutch

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Etymology

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Clipping of Somaliër.

Noun

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soma ? (plural soma's, diminutive somaatje n)

  1. (sometimes offensive, slang) a Somalian

Fijian

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Adverb

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soma

  1. often, frequently
    Synonym: wasoma

Finnish

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *coma. Related to Karelian šoma, Livvi čoma, Ludian čoma and Veps čoma.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈsomɑ/, [ˈs̠o̞mɑ̝]
  • Rhymes: -omɑ
  • Hyphenation(key): so‧ma

Adjective

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soma (comparative somempi, superlative somin)

  1. pretty, cute, sweet

Declension

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Inflection of soma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative soma somat
genitive soman somien
partitive somaa somia
illative somaan somiin
singular plural
nominative soma somat
accusative nom. soma somat
gen. soman
genitive soman somien
somain rare
partitive somaa somia
inessive somassa somissa
elative somasta somista
illative somaan somiin
adessive somalla somilla
ablative somalta somilta
allative somalle somille
essive somana somina
translative somaksi somiksi
abessive somatta somitta
instructive — somin
comitative — somine
Possessive forms of soma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative somani somani
accusative nom. somani somani
gen. somani
genitive somani somieni
somaini rare
partitive somaani somiani
inessive somassani somissani
elative somastani somistani
illative somaani somiini
adessive somallani somillani
ablative somaltani somiltani
allative somalleni somilleni
essive somanani sominani
translative somakseni somikseni
abessive somattani somittani
instructive — —
comitative — somineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative somasi somasi
accusative nom. somasi somasi
gen. somasi
genitive somasi somiesi
somaisi rare
partitive somaasi somiasi
inessive somassasi somissasi
elative somastasi somistasi
illative somaasi somiisi
adessive somallasi somillasi
ablative somaltasi somiltasi
allative somallesi somillesi
essive somanasi sominasi
translative somaksesi somiksesi
abessive somattasi somittasi
instructive — —
comitative — sominesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative somamme somamme
accusative nom. somamme somamme
gen. somamme
genitive somamme somiemme
somaimme rare
partitive somaamme somiamme
inessive somassamme somissamme
elative somastamme somistamme
illative somaamme somiimme
adessive somallamme somillamme
ablative somaltamme somiltamme
allative somallemme somillemme
essive somanamme sominamme
translative somaksemme somiksemme
abessive somattamme somittamme
instructive — —
comitative — sominemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative somanne somanne
accusative nom. somanne somanne
gen. somanne
genitive somanne somienne
somainne rare
partitive somaanne somianne
inessive somassanne somissanne
elative somastanne somistanne
illative somaanne somiinne
adessive somallanne somillanne
ablative somaltanne somiltanne
allative somallenne somillenne
essive somananne sominanne
translative somaksenne somiksenne
abessive somattanne somittanne
instructive — —
comitative — sominenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative somansa somansa
accusative nom. somansa somansa
gen. somansa
genitive somansa somiensa
somainsa rare
partitive somaansa somiaan
somiansa
inessive somassaan
somassansa 		somissaan
somissansa
elative somastaan
somastansa 		somistaan
somistansa
illative somaansa somiinsa
adessive somallaan
somallansa 		somillaan
somillansa
ablative somaltaan
somaltansa 		somiltaan
somiltansa
allative somalleen
somallensa 		somilleen
somillensa
essive somanaan
somanansa 		sominaan
sominansa
translative somakseen
somaksensa 		somikseen
somiksensa
abessive somattaan
somattansa 		somittaan
somittansa
instructive — —
comitative — somineen
sominensa

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Anagrams

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French

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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soma m (plural somas)

  1. (cytology) soma

Further reading

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Galician

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furrows (gl:regos) and ridges (somas) in a ploughed field

Etymology

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From Old Galician-Portuguese soma (“top”) (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin summa (“top”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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soma f (plural somas)

  1. ridge (formed besides a furrow)
    Synonyms: lombeiro, márdea, mesa, sorrello

References

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Italian

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈsɔ.ma/
  • Rhymes: -ɔma
  • Hyphenation: sò‧ma

Etymology 1

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From Late Latin sauma, from alteration of Latin sagma, from Ancient Greek σάγμα (ságma). Compare the doublet salma (“corpse”). Cognate to French somme (“packsaddle”).

Noun

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soma f (plural some)

  1. the load borne by a pack animal
  2. (by extension) the measure of the capacity of a given animal to bear a load
  3. (figurative, literary)
    1. burden
      Synonym: onere
    2. weight
      Synonym: peso
    3. body
      Synonym: corpo
Derived terms
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Further reading

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  • soma1 in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Etymology 2

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Borrowed from New Latin, from Ancient Greek σῶμα (sôma).

Noun

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soma m (plural somi)

  1. (medicine) soma
Derived terms
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Further reading

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  • soma2 in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Etymology 3

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Transliteration of Ancient Greek σῶμα (sôma).

Noun

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soma m (plural somata)

  1. (music, historical, Byzantine Greece) second interval

Further reading

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  • soma3 in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Etymology 4

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Borrowed from English soma, from Sanskrit सोम (soma), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *sáwHmas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sáwHmas, derived from the root *sawH- (“to press out, to extract”).

Noun

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soma m (invariable) (historical)

  1. name of an as yet unidentified plant
  2. soma (juice extracted from the above plant, used as a ritual drink)

Further reading

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  • soma4 in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Anagrams

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Italiot Greek

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Etymology

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From Ancient Greek σῶμα (sôma).

Noun

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soma n

  1. body

Japanese

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Romanization

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soma

  1. Rōmaji transcription of そま

Latvian

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Etymology 1

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Ceļasoma
Mugursoma

Borrowed from Old East Slavic сума (suma) (compare Russian сума́ (sumá)), itself borrowed (via Polish) from Old High German soum (“burden”) (compare German Saum), from Ancient Greek σάγμα (ságma) (whence also Latin sagma, sauma (“burden saddle, burden”)). The borrowing happened in the 13th century, when Old East Slavic у was still pronounced as [oː]. The word soma is first attested in 17th-century dictionaries with meanings such as “bread sack”, “bag”, “travel bag”.[1]

Pronunciation

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This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

Noun

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soma f (4th declension)

  1. bag, pack (fabric, leather, etc. object with straps or handles, used for carrying small objects, groceries, etc.)
    pasta soma ― mail bag
    medību soma ― (hunting) game bag
    skolas soma ― satchel, school bag
    iepirkumu soma ― shopping bag
    ceļa soma, ceļasoma ― suitcase (lit. travelling bag)
    rokas soma, rokassoma ― purse (lit. hand bag)
    mugursoma ― backpack, knapsack, rucksack
  2. (biology, anatomy) pouch (skin fold in marsupials to keep a newborn baby)
    ķengura soma ― kangaroo pouch
Declension
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Declension of soma (4th declension)
singular (vienskaitlis) plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative (nominatīvs) soma somas
accusative (akuzatīvs) somu somas
genitive (ģenitīvs) somas somu
dative (datīvs) somai somām
instrumental (instrumentālis) somu somām
locative (lokatīvs) somā somās
vocative (vokatīvs) soma somas
Derived terms
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See also
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Etymology 2

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See soms.

Noun

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soma m

  1. genitive singular of soms

References

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  1. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “soma”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

Polish

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Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek σῶμα (sôma).

Noun

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soma f

  1. (anatomy) soma (the whole axial portion of an animal, including the head, neck, trunk, and tail)
  2. (anatomy) soma (the corporeal body, as distinguished from the psyche or soul)
Declension
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Declension of soma
singular plural
nominative soma somy
genitive somy som
dative somie somom
accusative somę somy
instrumental somą somami
locative somie somach
vocative somo somy
Derived terms
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adjectives
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adverb

Etymology 2

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Learned borrowing from Sanskrit सोम (soma).

Noun

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soma f

  1. (Vedic religion) soma (ritual drink in ancient Vedic and continuing Hindu culture)
Declension
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Declension of soma
singular
nominative soma
genitive somy
dative somie
accusative somę
instrumental somą
locative somie
vocative somo

Etymology 3

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

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soma m animal

  1. genitive/accusative singular of som

Further reading

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  • soma in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

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Portuguese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pt
soma (1)

Etymology 1

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From Old Galician-Portuguese soma, from Latin summa.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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soma f (plural somas)

  1. (arithmetic) sum (quantity obtained by addition or aggregation)
  2. sum (quantity of money)

Etymology 2

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Borrowed from New Latin, from Ancient Greek σῶμα (sôma, “body”).

Pronunciation

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  • Hyphenation: so‧ma

Noun

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soma m (plural somas)

  1. (anatomy, cytology) soma

Etymology 3

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Portuguese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pt

Borrowed from Sanskrit सोम (sóma), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sauma, from Proto-Indo-European *sew(h)-.

Pronunciation

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  • Hyphenation: so‧ma

Noun

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soma m (plural somas)

  1. (religion) soma

Etymology 4

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

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  • Rhymes: -ɔmɐ
  • Hyphenation: so‧ma

Verb

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soma

  1. inflection of somar:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Romanian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from French sommer.

Verb

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a soma (third-person singular present somează, past participle somat) 1st conj.

  1. to summon

Conjugation

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    conjugation of soma (first conjugation, -ez- infix)
infinitive a soma
gerund somând
past participle somat
number singular plural
person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative eu tu el/ea noi voi ei/ele
present somez somezi somează somăm somați somează
imperfect somam somai soma somam somați somau
simple perfect somai somași somă somarăm somarăți somară
pluperfect somasem somaseși somase somaserăm somaserăți somaseră
subjunctive eu tu el/ea noi voi ei/ele
present să somez să somezi să someze să somăm să somați să someze
imperative — tu — — voi —
affirmative somează somați
negative nu soma nu somați

Rwanda-Rundi

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Verb

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-soma (infinitive gusoma, perfective -somye)

  1. to read

Serbo-Croatian

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Noun

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soma (Cyrillic spelling сома)

  1. genitive/accusative singular of som

Spanish

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈsoma/ [ˈso.ma]
  • Rhymes: -oma
  • Syllabification: so‧ma

Etymology 1

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Borrowed from Ancient Greek σῶμα (sôma, “body”).

Noun

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soma m (plural somas)

  1. (biology) soma

Etymology 2

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Inherited from Latin summa.

Noun

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soma f (plural somas)

  1. a kind of thick flour

Further reading

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Swahili

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Etymology

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Of Bantu origin.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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-soma (infinitive kusoma)

  1. to read
  2. to study

Conjugation

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Conjugation of -soma
Positive present -nasoma
Subjunctive -some
Negative -somi
Imperative singular soma
Infinitives
Positive kusoma
Negative kutosoma
Imperatives
Singular soma
Plural someni
Tensed forms
Habitual husoma
Positive past positive subject concord + -lisoma
Negative past negative subject concord + -kusoma
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nasoma)
Singular Plural
1st person ninasoma/nasoma tunasoma
2nd person unasoma mnasoma
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anasoma wanasoma
other classes positive subject concord + -nasoma
Negative present (negative subject concord + -somi)
Singular Plural
1st person sisomi hatusomi
2nd person husomi hamsomi
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hasomi hawasomi
other classes negative subject concord + -somi
Positive future positive subject concord + -tasoma
Negative future negative subject concord + -tasoma
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -some)
Singular Plural
1st person nisome tusome
2nd person usome msome
3rd person m-wa(I/II) asome wasome
other classes positive subject concord + -some
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sisome
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngesoma
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singesoma
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalisoma
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalisoma
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -asoma)
Singular Plural
1st person nasoma twasoma
2nd person wasoma mwasoma
3rd person m-wa(I/II) asoma wasoma
m-mi(III/IV) wasoma yasoma
ji-ma(V/VI) lasoma yasoma
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chasoma vyasoma
n(IX/X) yasoma zasoma
u(XI) wasoma see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwasoma
pa(XVI) pasoma
mu(XVIII) mwasoma
Perfect positive subject concord + -mesoma
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshasoma
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jasoma
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kisoma
"If not" positive subject concord + -siposoma
Consecutive kasoma / positive subject concord + -kasoma
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kasome
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nisoma -tusoma
2nd person -kusoma -wasoma/-kusomeni/-wasomeni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -msoma -wasoma
m-mi(III/IV) -usoma -isoma
ji-ma(V/VI) -lisoma -yasoma
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kisoma -visoma
n(IX/X) -isoma -zisoma
u(XI) -usoma see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kusoma
pa(XVI) -pasoma
mu(XVIII) -musoma
Reflexive -jisoma
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -soma- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -somaye -somao
m-mi(III/IV) -somao -somayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -somalo -somayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -somacho -somavyo
n(IX/X) -somayo -somazo
u(XI) -somao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -somako
pa(XVI) -somapo
mu(XVIII) -somamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -soma)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yesoma -osoma
m-mi(III/IV) -osoma -yosoma
ji-ma(V/VI) -losoma -yosoma
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chosoma -vyosoma
n(IX/X) -yosoma -zosoma
u(XI) -osoma see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kosoma
pa(XVI) -posoma
mu(XVIII) -mosoma
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

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Swazi

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Verb

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-sóma

  1. to court, to flirt, to date

Inflection

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This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Ternate

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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soma

  1. dragnet, fishnet

References

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  • Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Turkish

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Noun

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soma

  1. dative singular of som
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