virsti
Lithuanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wirt-, from the zero-grade *wr̥t- of the same Proto-Indo-European root *wert- as versti, vartyti.[1]
Cognate with Latvian virst, Old Prussian wirst (“he becomes”), Proto-Slavic *vьrtě̀ti (“turn”) > Russian вертеть (vertetʹ, “turn”), Serbo-Croatian vŕtjeti (“turn”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]vir̃sti (third-person present tense vir̃sta, third-person past tense vir̃to)
- (intransitive) topple, fall over, overturn
- (intransitive, with ìš + genitive) burst out, emerge
- (intransitive, with į̃ + accusative) lie down
- (intransitive, with instrumental case or į̃ + accusative) become, turn into, change
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of virsti
| singular (vienaskaita) |
plural (daugiskaita) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person (pirmasis asmuo) |
2nd person (antrasis asmuo) |
3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) |
1st person (pirmasis asmuo) |
2nd person (antrasis asmuo) |
3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) | |||
| aš | tu | jis/ji | mes | jūs | jie/jos | |||
| indicative (tiesioginė nuosaka) |
present (esamasis laikas) |
virstù | virstì | vir̃sta | vir̃stame, vir̃stam |
vir̃state, vir̃stat |
vir̃sta | |
| past (būtasis kartinis laikas) |
virtaũ | virtaĩ | vir̃to | vir̃tome, vir̃tom |
vir̃tote, vir̃tot |
vir̃to | ||
| past frequentative (būtasis dažninis laikas) |
vir̃sdavau | vir̃sdavai | vir̃sdavo | vir̃sdavome, vir̃sdavom |
vir̃sdavote, vir̃sdavot |
vir̃sdavo | ||
| future (būsimasis laikas) |
vir̃siu | vir̃si | vir̃s | vir̃sime, vir̃sim |
vir̃site, vir̃sit |
vir̃s | ||
| subjunctive (tariamoji nuosaka) |
vir̃sčiau | vir̃stum, vir̃stumei |
vir̃stų | vir̃stumėme, vir̃stumėm, vir̃stume |
vir̃stumėte, vir̃stumėt |
vir̃stų | ||
| imperative (liepiamoji nuosaka) |
— | vir̃sk, vir̃ski |
tevir̃sta, tevir̃stie |
vir̃skime, vir̃skim |
vir̃skite, vir̃skit |
tevir̃sta, tevir̃stie | ||
Participles of virsti
| Adjectival (dalyviai) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| active | passive | ||
| present | vir̃stąs, vir̃stantis | vir̃stamas | |
| past | vir̃tęs | vir̃stas | |
| past frequentative | vir̃sdavęs | — | |
| future | vir̃siąs, vir̃siantis | vir̃simas | |
| participle of necessity | — | vir̃stinas | |
| Adverbial | |||
| special (pusdalyvis) | vir̃sdamas | ||
| half-participle (padalyviai) |
present | vir̃stant | |
| past | vir̃tus | ||
| past frequentative | vir̃sdavus | ||
| future | vir̃siant | ||
| manner of action (būdinys) | vir̃ste, vir̃stinai | ||
Derived terms
[edit]prefixed forms of virsti
Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “virsti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 506