-ier

See also: ier, Ier, and ièr

English

Examples
happy → happier scary → scarier

Etymology 1

From -y +‎ -er.

Suffix

-ier

1. spelling of the suffix sequence -y followed by -er, or of any word ending in -y suffixed with -er.

See also

• -ied
• -iest

Etymology 2

From French -ier.

Suffix

-ier

1. Used to make agent nouns, particularly with words from French: clothier, perfumier.

Anagrams

• rie, RIE, ire, eir, Rie, IRE, IrE, rei, Ire., Eri, EIR, Eri.

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from French -ier.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iːr/

• Audio:

  (file)

Suffix

-ier m

1. appended to a word, it yields a noun which signifies the subject who performs something related to that word

Derived terms

Dutch terms suffixed with -ier

See also

• -er

French

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French -ier, -er, from Old French -ier, -er, from Latin -ārium, the accusative of -ārius. Compare the borrowed doublet -aire.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /je/

• Audio:

  (file)

Suffix

-ier m (plural -iers, feminine -ière)

1. forms the names of trees or bushes bearing a particular type of fruit

   ‎banane (“banana”) + ‎-ier → ‎bananier (“banana tree”)

   ‎poire (“pear”) + ‎-ier → ‎poirier (“pear tree”)

2. forms the names of ships

   ‎chalut (“trawl net”) + ‎-ier → ‎chalutier (“trawler”)

   ‎pétrole (“oil”) + ‎-ier → ‎pétrolier (“oil tanker”)

3. forms the names of jobs

   ‎chocolat (“chocolate”) + ‎-ier → ‎chocolatier (“chocolatier”)

Derived terms

French terms suffixed with -ier

Further reading

• “-ier”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

German

Etymology

Borrowed from French -ier.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i̯eː/, /jeː/

Suffix

-ier m

1. A noun-forming suffix, used especially to render similar suffixes in borrowings from French.

   ‎Kneipe + ‎-ier → ‎Kneipier

   ‎Pleite + ‎-ier → ‎Pleitier

Derived terms

German terms suffixed with -ier

Further reading

• “-ier” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Middle French

Suffix

-ier

1. Alternative form of -er (suffix forming or denoting a verb)
2. Alternative form of -er (suffix forming or denoting an agent noun, often a profession)

Old French

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Italic *-āzi

Proto-Indo-European *-os

Latin -ereinflu.

Latin -āre

Old French -ier

Inherited from Latin -āre, from Proto-Italic *-āzi.

Alternative forms

• -er (present in all varieties but more common in Anglo-Norman than in France)
• -ar (9th and 10th centuries. Only a couple of words are attested with this suffix, salvar, intrar and devastar)

Suffix

-ier

1. suffix used to form infinitives of first conjugation verbs

   forgier ― to forge

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -ier, with a palatal stem. These verbs are conjugated mostly like verbs in -er, but there is an extra i before the e of some endings. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of -ier (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		-ier			avoir -ié
gerund		en -ant			gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle		-ant
past participle		-ié
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	—	-es	-e	-ons	-iez	-ent
	imperfect	—	—	—	—	—	—
	preterite	-ai	-as	-a	-ames	-astes	-ierent
	future	-erai	-eras	-era	-erons	-eroiz, -ereiz, -erez	-eront
	conditional	-eroie, -ereie	-eroies, -ereies	-eroit, -ereit	-eriiens, -eriens	-eriiez, -eriez	-eroient, -ereient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future tense of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	—	-s	-t	-ons	-iez	-ent
	imperfect	-asse	-asses	-ast	-issons, -issiens	-issoiz, -issez, -issiez	-assent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	-e	—	-ons	-iez	—

Descendants

• Middle French: -er
  • French: -er
• Gallo: -ieu
• → Middle High German: -ieren
  • German: -ieren, -iren (obsolete, used alternatively until ca. 1900)
    • → Bulgarian: -ирам (-iram)
    • → Russian: -ировать (-irovatʹ)
    • → Serbo-Croatian: -irati
• Norman: -yi (Jersey)

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

Latin -ārius

Old French -ier

Inherited from Latin -ārium.

Alternative forms

• -er (present in all varieties but more common in Anglo-Norman than in France)

Suffix

-ier

2. indicates a profession

   bouchier ― butcher

3. indicates location, where one lives

   forestier ― forester

Derived terms

• -erie f

Descendants

• Middle French: -er
  • French: -ier, -er
  • → English: -eer, -er
• → Italian: -iere
• → Old Irish: -aire
  • Irish: -aire
  • Scottish Gaelic: -air
• → Sicilian: -eri

See also

• Appendix:Old French verbs
• -ir
• -re

Swedish

Suffix

-ier

1. -an; making a noun, describing a person by nationality, e.g. Indien → indier, Iran, iranier

Synonyms

• -an

Derived terms

Swedish terms suffixed with -ier

Anagrams

• -eri