-il

See also: Appendix:Variations of "il"

Azerbaijani

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [il]

Suffix

	preceding vowel
	A / I	E / Ə / İ	O / U	Ö / Ü
postconsonantal except after L	-ıl	-il	-ul	-ül
after L	-ın	-in	-un	-ün
postvocalic	-n

-il

1. Passive suffix.

   ‎kəsmək (“to cut”) + ‎-il → ‎kəsilmək (“to get cut, to flunk”)

   ‎almaq (“to buy”) + ‎-ın → ‎alınmaq (“to be bought”)

   ‎eşitmək (“to hear”) + ‎-il → ‎eşidilmək (“to be heard”)

Usage notes

A notable irregularity is görmək, which takes -ün (instead of expected -ül):

‎görmək (“to see”) + ‎-ün → ‎görünmək (“to be seen”)

Verbs with monosyllabic vowel-ending stems generally take a y before the suffixes -il, -in, or -iş:

‎demək (“to say”) + ‎-il → ‎deyilmək (“to be said”)

Derived terms

Azerbaijani terms suffixed with -il

Franco-Provençal

Pronoun

-il m

1. postpositive form of il

Interlingua

Etymology

Borrowed from French -ile, Italian -ile, Portuguese -il, all ultimately from Latin -īle.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈil/

Suffix

-il

1. forms nouns from nouns, denoting a place where animals are kept

   ‎can (“dog”) + ‎-il → ‎canil (“kennel”)

   ‎tauro (“bull”) + ‎-il → ‎tauril (“bull pen”)

Derived terms

Category Interlingua terms suffixed with -il not found

References

• Alexander Gode, Hugh E. Blair (1955) Interlingua: A Grammar of the International Language, →ISBN

Maltese

Etymology

From the syllable -ar in Arabic عَشَر (ʕašar, “ten”). The same alternation between absolute and attributive form is found in most modern dialects of Arabic, though generally with the original consonant r preserved. Compare North Levantine Arabic تنعش (tnaʕš, “twelve”), attributively تنعشر (tnaʕšar).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɪl/

Suffix

-il

1. Used to form the attributive form of cardinal numbers 11 to 19.

   erbatax (“fourteen”) → erbatax-il jum (“fourteen days”)

Usage notes

• The suffix is spelt with a hyphen for phonetic reasons. It is, namely, apart from a few recent borrowings from English the only case where preconsonantal i in a final syllable is short. Thus, /ɛrbaˈtaːʃɪl/ is rendered as erbatax-il rather than *erbataxil, which latter should be pronounced */ɛrbataˈʃiːl/.

Middle English

Suffix

-il

1. Alternative form of -el (“agentive suffix”)

Northern Sami

Etymology

From Proto-Samic *-jēlē.

Pronunciation

• (Kautokeino) IPA^(key): /ˈ-il/

Suffix

-il

1. Forms adjectives from verbs, indicating an inclination or tendency to perform the verb's action.

   ‎sodjat (“to bend”) + ‎-il → ‎soddjil (“tending to bend, flexible”)

Usage notes

• This suffix triggers the strongest grade on a preceding stressed syllable.

Inflection

Odd, no gradation
Attributive	-ilis
Nominative	-il
Genitive	-ila
Attributive	-ilis
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	-il	-ilat
Accusative	-ila	-iliid
Genitive	-ila	-iliid
Illative	-ilii	-iliidda
Locative	-ilis	-iliin
Comitative	-iliin	-iliiguin
Essive	-ilin

Derived terms

Northern Sami terms suffixed with -il

Portuguese

Etymology 1

Suffix

-il m (noun-forming suffix, plural -is)

1. indicating a place for holding a specified type of animal

   ‎gato (“cat”) + ‎-il → ‎gatil (“kennel for cats”)

   ‎rede (“net”) + ‎-il → ‎redil (“sheepfold”)

Etymology 2

Learned borrowing from Latin -īlis.

Suffix

-il m or f (adjective-forming suffix, plural -is)

1. -ile (tending to or capable of)

Usage notes

• Most adjectives with this suffix are borrowed as a whole word from Latin rather than formed using this suffix in Portuguese.

Derived terms

Portuguese terms suffixed with -il

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin -īlis.

Suffix

-il m or f (adjective-forming suffix, masculine and feminine plural -iles)

1. -ile (indicating relation or pertaining to)

Derived terms

Spanish terms suffixed with -il

See also

• -al
• -ero

Further reading

• “-il”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28

Turkish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [il]

Suffix

	preceding vowel
	A / I	E / İ	O / U	Ö / Ü
postconsonantal except after L	-ıl	-il	-ul	-ül
after L	-ın	-in	-un	-ün
postvocalic	-n

-il

1. Passive suffix.

   ‎kesmek (“to cut”) + ‎-il → ‎kesilmek (“to get cut”)

   ‎almak (“to buy”) + ‎-ın → ‎alınmak (“to be bought”)

   ‎işitmek (“to hear”) + ‎-il → ‎işitilmek (“to be heard”)

Derived terms

Turkish terms suffixed with -il

Volapük

Suffix

-il

1. Used to form diminutives

Derived terms

Volapük terms suffixed with -il

See also

• -ül (“offspring, young or baby (of an animal), young organism (animal or plant)”)