-og

See also: Appendix:Variations of "og"

Hungarian

Etymology

From -o- (linking vowel) +‎ -g (frequentative suffix).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [oɡ]

Suffix

-og

(frequentative suffix) Added to a stem - often an onomatopoeia - to form a verb expressing a (quickly) repeating or continuous action.
vacog (“to chatter - to shut and open the mouth quickly in the cold”)

‎mosoly (“smile”) + ‎-og → ‎mosolyog (“to smile”)

Usage notes

(frequentative suffix) Variants:
-g is added to words ending in a vowel

-og is added to some back-vowel words

-ag is added to other back-vowel words

-eg is added to unrounded front-vowel words

-ög is added to rounded front-vowel words

Derived terms

Hungarian verbs suffixed with -og

Welsh

Alternative forms

-iog

Etymology

From Middle Welsh -awc, from Proto-Brythonic *-ọg, from Proto-Celtic *-ākos, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos, from a-stem suffix *-eh₂ + adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos. Akin to Cornish -ek, Breton -eg, Irish -ach, Scottish Gaelic -ach, Manx -agh, Latin -ācus, -īcus and English -y.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɔɡ/

Suffix

-og

adjectival suffix often indicating an abundance of the root
‎carreg (“stone”) + ‎-og → ‎caregog (“stony”)

‎twll (“hole”) + ‎-og → ‎tyllog (“porous”)

‎gallu (“ability”) + ‎-og → ‎galluog (“capable”)

‎enw (“name”) + ‎-og → ‎enwog (“famous”)
noun suffix indicating person, creature or object characterised by root
‎perchen (“to own”) + ‎-og → ‎perchennog (“owner”)

‎march (“stallion, horse”) + ‎-og → ‎marchog (“knight, horserider”)

‎draen (“thorn(s)”) + ‎-og → ‎draenog (“hedgehog”)

‎ysgyfarn (“ear”) + ‎-og → ‎ysgyfarnog (“hare”)

‎clust (“ear”) + ‎-og → ‎clustog (“cushion, bolster”)

Derived terms

Welsh terms suffixed with -og

References

R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “-og”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies