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зима

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Bulgarian

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Bulgarian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia bg

Etymology

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Inherited from Old Church Slavonic зима (zima), from Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimā́ˀ.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈzimɐ]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation(key): зи‧ма

Noun

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зи́ма • (zíma) f (relational adjective зи́мен)

  1. winter, wintertime

Declension

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Declension of зи́ма
singular plural
indefinite зи́ма
zíma 		зи́ми
zími
definite зи́мата
zímata 		зи́мите
zímite

Coordinate terms

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Seasons in Bulgarian · сезо́ни (sezóni) (layout · text) · category
про́лет (prólet, “spring”) ля́то (ljáto, “summer”) е́сен (ésen, “autumn”) зи́ма (zíma, “winter”)

Derived terms

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References

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  • “зима”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
  • “зима”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “зима”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, pages 640-641

Macedonian

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈzima]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: зи‧ма

Etymology 1

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimā́ˀ.

Noun

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зима • (zima) f (plural зими, relational adjective зимски or зимен, augmentative зимиште)

  1. winter, wintertime
Declension
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Declension of зима
singular plural
indefinite зима (zima) зими (zimi)
definite unspecified зимата (zimata) зимите (zimite)
definite proximal зимава (zimava) зимиве (zimive)
definite distal зимана (zimana) зимине (zimine)
vocative зимо (zimo) зими (zimi)
Coordinate terms
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Seasons in Macedonian · годишни времиња (godišni vreminja) (layout · text) · category
пролет (prolet, “spring”) лето (leto, “summer”) есен (esen, “autumn”) зима (zima, “winter”)
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

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зима • (zima) third-singular present, impf (perfective земе)

  1. (transitive, nonstandard) to take
  2. (transitive, nonstandard) to get
Conjugation
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Conjugation of зима (imperfective, present in -а)
l-participles imperfect aorist non-finite forms
masculine зимал — adjectival participle зиман
feminine зимала — adverbial participle зимајќи
neuter зимало — verbal noun зимање
plural зимале — perfect participle зимано
present imperfect aorist imperative
1st singular зимам зимав — —
2nd singular зимаш зимаше — зимај
3rd singular зима зимаше — —
1st plural зимаме зимавме — —
2nd plural зимате зимавте — зимајте
3rd plural зимаат зимаа — —
Compound tenses
perfect сум зимал present of сум (except in the 3rd person) + imperfect l-participle
има-perfect имам зимано present of има + perfect participle
pluperfect бев зимал imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle
има-pluperfect имав зимано imperfect of има + perfect participle
има-perfect reported сум имал зимано perfect of има + perfect participle
future ќе зимам ќе + present
има-future ќе имам зимано future of има + perfect participle
future in the past ќе зимав ќе + imperfect
има-future in the past ќе имав зимано future in the past of има + perfect participle
future reported ќе сум зимал ќе + imperfect l-participle
има-future reported ќе сум имал зимано future reported of има + perfect participle
conditional би зимал би + imperfect l-participle
има-conditional би имал зимано conditional of има + perfect participle
Synonyms
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References

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  • “зима” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) [Digital dictionary of the Macedonian language] − drmj.eu

Old Church Slavonic

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimā́ˀ.

Noun

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зима • (zima) f

  1. winter

Declension

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Declension of зима (hard a-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative зима
zima 		зимѣ
zimě 		зимꙑ
zimy
genitive зимꙑ
zimy 		зимоу
zimu 		зимъ
zimŭ
dative зимѣ
zimě 		зимама
zimama 		зимамъ
zimamŭ
accusative зимѫ
zimǫ 		зимѣ
zimě 		зимꙑ
zimy
instrumental зимоѭ
zimojǫ 		зимама
zimama 		зимами
zimami
locative зимѣ
zimě 		зимоу
zimu 		зимахъ
zimaxŭ
vocative зимо
zimo 		зимѣ
zimě 		зимꙑ
zimy

Old East Slavic

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Etymology

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From Proto-Slavic *zimà, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimā́ˀ.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ziˈmɑ/→/zʲiˈma/→/zʲiˈma/
  • (ca. 9th CE) IPA(key): /ziˈmɑ/
  • (ca. 11th CE) IPA(key): /zʲiˈma/
  • (ca. 13th CE) IPA(key): /zʲiˈma/

  • Hyphenation: зи‧ма

Noun

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зима (zima) f

  1. winter

Declension

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Declension of зима (hard a-stem)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative зима
zima 		зимѣ
zimě 		зимꙑ
zimy
Genitive зимꙑ
zimy 		зиму
zimu 		зимъ
zimŭ
Dative зимѣ
zimě 		зимама
zimama 		зимамъ
zimamŭ
Accusative зимѫ
zimǫ 		зимѣ
zimě 		зимꙑ
zimy
Instrumental зимоѭ
zimojǫ 		зимама
zimama 		зимами
zimami
Locative зимѣ
zimě 		зиму
zimu 		зимахъ
zimaxŭ
Vocative зимо
zimo 		зимѣ
zimě 		зимꙑ
zimy

Descendants

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  • Old Ruthenian: зима (zima)
  • Russian: зима́ (zimá)

References

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  • Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1893) “зима”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎[1] (in Russian), volume 1 (А – К), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 978

Russian

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Russian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ru

Etymology

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Inherited from Old East Slavic зима (zima), from Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimā́ˀ.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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зима́ • (zimá) f inan (genitive зимы́, nominative plural зи́мы, genitive plural зим, relational adjective зи́мний)

  1. winter
    зимо́й ― zimój ― in (the) winter / during winter
    на́ зиму ― ná zimu ― for (the) winter

Declension

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Declension of зима́ (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-dʹ) 
singular plural
nominative зима́
zimá 		зи́мы
zímy
genitive зимы́
zimý 		зи́м
zím
dative зиме́
zimé 		зи́мам
zímam
accusative зи́му
zímu 		зи́мы
zímy
instrumental зимо́й, зимо́ю
zimój, zimóju 		зи́мами
zímami
prepositional зиме́
zimé 		зи́мах
zímax
Pre-reform declension of зима́ (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-dʹ) 
singular plural
nominative зима́
zimá 		зи́мы
zímy
genitive зимы́
zimý 		зи́мъ
zím
dative зимѣ́
zimě́ 		зи́мамъ
zímam
accusative зи́му
zímu 		зи́мы
zímy
instrumental зимо́й, зимо́ю
zimój, zimóju 		зи́мами
zímami
prepositional зимѣ́
zimě́ 		зи́махъ
zímax

Derived terms

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Phrases
Proverbs
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Borrowed

See also

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Seasons in Russian · время года (vremja goda) (layout · text) · category
весна́ (vesná, “spring”) ле́то (léto, “summer”) о́сень (ósenʹ, “autumn”) зима́ (zimá, “winter”)

References

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  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “зима”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “зима”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 325

Serbo-Croatian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimā́ˀ.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /zǐːma/
  • Hyphenation: зи‧ма

Noun

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зи́ма f (Latin spelling zíma)

  1. winter
  2. cold, coldness (of weather or temperature)

Declension

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Declension of зима
singular plural
nominative зима зиме
genitive зиме зима
dative зими зимама
accusative зиму зиме
vocative зимо зиме
locative зими зимама
instrumental зимом зимама

See also

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Seasons in Serbo-Croatian · godišnja doba / годишња доба (layout · text) · category
spring:
proleće, proljeće
пролеће, прољеће 		summer:
leto, ljeto
лето, љето 		autumn:
jesen
јесен 		winter:
zima
зима

References

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  • “зима”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024

Ukrainian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimā́ˀ.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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зима́ • (zymá) f inan (genitive зими́, nominative plural зими́, genitive plural зим)

  1. winter

Declension

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Declension of зима́ (inan hard fem-form accent-b)
singular plural
nominative зима́
zymá 		зими́
zymý
genitive зими́
zymý 		зим
zym
dative зимі́
zymí 		зима́м
zymám
accusative зиму́
zymú 		зими́
zymý
instrumental зимо́ю
zymóju 		зима́ми
zymámy
locative зимі́
zymí 		зима́х
zymáx
vocative зимо́
zymó 		зими́
zymý

See also

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Seasons in Ukrainian · пори року (pory roku) (layout · text) · category
весна (vesna, “spring”) літо (lito, “summer”) осінь (osinʹ, “autumn”) зима (zyma, “winter”)

References

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