перед
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See also: перёд
Russian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- пе́редъ (péred) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
- пе́редо (péredo) (before awkward consonant clusters)
Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old East Slavic передъ (peredŭ), from Proto-Slavic *perdъ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per-, whence also пере- (pere-), перез (perez). Doublet of пред (pred), a borrowing from Old Church Slavonic.
Pronunciation
[edit]Preposition
[edit]пе́ред • (péred) [with instrumental]
- in front of, before
- right/immediately before
Usage notes
[edit]- пе́ред (péred) and до (do) have similar meanings, but they are not interchangeable.
- When speaking about time:
- до моме́нта (do moménta) can mean quite a long time, whereas пе́ред моме́нтом (péred moméntom) means just before the very moment.
- Examples:
- Дава́й встре́тимся до рабо́ты.
- Daváj vstrétimsja do rabóty.
- Let’s meet before work.
- (any time between now and when we start work, and the meeting could be anywhere)
- Дава́й встре́тимся пе́ред рабо́той.
- Daváj vstrétimsja péred rabótoj.
- Let’s meet before work.
- (just before we start work, immediately before work, and probably at the job site)
- When speaking about space:
- When speaking about time:
- The preposition пе́ред (péred) can be combined with са́мым (sámym). For example:
- Мы пригото́вились к экза́менам пе́ред са́мым обе́дом.
- My prigotóvilisʹ k ekzámenam péred sámym obédom.
- We prepared for the exams right before lunch.
- Sentences with пе́ред са́мым (péred sámym) use perfective verbs. Compared to sentences with perfective verbs while using the ordinary пе́ред (péred), it has a much shorter interval between the completed action/event and the particular action/event that the пе́ред са́мым (péred sámym) modifies. Hence, пе́ред са́мым (péred sámym) has a bigger emphasis meaning-wise than the ordinary пе́ред (péred).
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- опереди́ть (operedítʹ)
- пе́ред тем как (péred tem kak)
Noun
[edit]пе́ред • (péred) m inan (genitive пе́реда, nominative plural переда́, genitive plural передо́в)
Declension
[edit]Declension of пе́ред (inan masc-form hard-stem accent-c irreg)
Related terms
[edit]- пере́дний (perédnij)
- пере́дник (perédnik)
- передово́й (peredovój)
- передо́к (peredók)
- перёд (perjód)
References
[edit]- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “перед”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 21
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “перед”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Ukrainian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old East Slavic передъ (peredŭ), from Proto-Slavic *perdъ.
Pronunciation
[edit]- пе́ред: IPA(key): [ˈpɛred]
- пере́д: IPA(key): [peˈrɛd]
Audio; “пе́ред” (“péred”): (file) - Hyphenation: пе‧ред
Preposition
[edit]пе́ред • (péred)
- just before, in front of (expressing position in space or time) (+ instrumental)
- just before, in front of (expressing motion towards) (+ accusative)
- ago (+ instrumental)
Noun
[edit]пе́ред or пере́д • (péred or peréd) m inan (genitive пе́реду or пере́ду, nominative plural пе́реди or пере́ди, genitive plural пе́редів or пере́дів, relational adjective пере́дній)
Declension
[edit]Declension of пе́ред, пере́д (inan hard masc-form accent-a)
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | пе́ред, пере́д péred, peréd |
пе́реди, пере́ди péredy, perédy |
genitive | пе́реду, пере́ду péredu, perédu |
пе́редів, пере́дів pérediv, perédiv |
dative | пе́редові, пе́реду, пере́дові, пере́ду péredovi, péredu, perédovi, perédu |
пе́редам, пере́дам péredam, perédam |
accusative | пе́ред, пере́д péred, peréd |
пе́реди, пере́ди péredy, perédy |
instrumental | пе́редом, пере́дом péredom, perédom |
пе́редами, пере́дами péredamy, perédamy |
locative | пе́реду, пе́реді, пере́ду, пере́ді péredu, péredi, perédu, perédi |
пе́редах, пере́дах péredax, perédax |
vocative | пе́реде, пере́де pérede, peréde |
пе́реди, пере́ди péredy, perédy |
Categories:
- Russian terms inherited from Old East Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Old East Slavic
- Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Russian doublets
- Russian 2-syllable words
- Russian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Russian terms with audio pronunciation
- Russian lemmas
- Russian prepositions
- Russian terms with usage examples
- Russian nouns
- Russian masculine nouns
- Russian inanimate nouns
- Russian hard-stem masculine-form nouns
- Russian hard-stem masculine-form accent-c nouns
- Russian nouns with accent pattern c
- Russian nouns ending in a consonant with plural -а
- Russian irregular nouns
- Russian nouns with irregular nominative plural
- Ukrainian terms inherited from Old East Slavic
- Ukrainian terms derived from Old East Slavic
- Ukrainian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Ukrainian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Ukrainian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ukrainian terms with audio pronunciation
- Ukrainian lemmas
- Ukrainian prepositions
- Ukrainian terms with usage examples
- Ukrainian nouns
- Ukrainian masculine nouns
- Ukrainian inanimate nouns
- Ukrainian hard masculine-form nouns
- Ukrainian hard masculine-form accent-a nouns
- Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a
- Ukrainian nouns with multiple stems