عند

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Algerian Arabic

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Etymology

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Inherited from Arabic عند.

Preposition

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عند (3and)

  1. at
  2. (With possessive suffix) to have

Arabic

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Etymology 1

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A contraction of ع ن ن (ʕ-n-n) or ع ي ن (ʕ-y-n) in the sense of viewing, and يَدَا (yadā, hand); see at hand, before one's eyes. Compare also لَدَى (ladā) and لَدُنْ (ladun) for parallel contractions and semantic senses.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ʕin.da/
  • Audio:(file)

Preposition

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عِنْدَ (ʕinda)

  1. near, with, at the house of
  2. at the time of
    • جِئْتُكَ عِنْدَ شُرُوقِ الشَّمْسِ
      jiʔtuka ʕinda šurūqi š-šamsi
      I came to you at sunrise
  3. in one's sight, in one's opinion
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 24:15:
      إِذْ تَلَقَّوْنَهُ بِأَلْسِنَتِكُمْ وَتَقُولُونَ بِأَفْوَاهِكُم مَّا لَيْسَ لَكُم بِهِ عِلْمٌ وَتَحْسَبُونَهُ هَيِّنًا وَهُوَ عِنْدَ ٱللَّهِ عَظِيمٌ
      ʔiḏ talaqqawnahu bi-ʔalsinatikum wa-taqūlūna bi-ʔafwāhikum mā laysa lakum bihi ʕilmun wa-taḥsabūnahu hayyinan wa-huwa ʕinda llahi ʕaẓīmun
      When you received it with your tongues and said with your mouths that of which you had no knowledge and thought it was insignificant while it was, in the eyes of God, tremendous.
    • a. 965, Al-Mutanabbi, ديوان أبي الطيب المتنبي:
      بِذَا قَضَتِ الْأَيَّامُ مَا بَيْنَ أَهْلِهَا / مَصَائِبُ قَوْمٍ عِنْدَ قَوْمٍ فَوَائِدُ
      biḏā qaḍati l-ʔayyāmu mā bayna ʔahlihā / maṣāʔibu qawmin ʕinda qawmin fawāʔidu
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  4. expresses possession, to have
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 6:148:
      قُلْ هَلْ عِنْدَكُم مِنْ عِلْمٍ فَتُخْرِجُوهُ لَنَا
      qul hal ʕindakum min ʕilmin fatuḵrijūhu lanā
      Say, "Do you have any knowledge which you can produce for us?"
Inflection
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    Inflected forms
Base form عِنْدَ (ʕinda)
Personal-pronoun-
including forms
Singular Dual Plural
Masculine Feminine Common Masculine Feminine
First person عِنْدِي (ʕindī) عِنْدَنَا (ʕindanā)
Second person عِنْدَكَ (ʕindaka) عِنْدَكِ (ʕindaki) عِنْدَكُمَا (ʕindakumā) عِنْدَكُمْ (ʕindakum) عِنْدَكُنَّ (ʕindakunna)
Third person عِنْدَهُ (ʕindahu) عِنْدَهَا (ʕindahā) عِنْدَهُمَا (ʕindahumā) عِنْدَهُمْ (ʕindahum) عِنْدَهُنَّ (ʕindahunna)
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • Egyptian Arabic: عند (ʕand)
  • Gulf Arabic: عند (ʕind)
  • Maltese: għand
  • Moroccan Arabic: عند (ʕand)
  • South Levantine Arabic: عند (ʕind)
  • Ottoman Turkish: عند (ind)

Etymology 2

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Root
ع ن د (ʕ n d)
4 terms

Verb

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عَنَدَ (ʕanada) I (non-past يَعْنُدُ (yaʕnudu) or يَعْنِدُ (yaʕnidu), verbal noun عُنُود (ʕunūd))
عَنِدَ (ʕanida) I (non-past يَعْنَدُ (yaʕnadu), verbal noun عَنَد (ʕanad))

  1. to be perverse, diverging or obstinate
Conjugation
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Noun

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عِنْد (ʕindm

  1. animus, heart, will
Declension
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Adjective

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عُنُد (ʕunudc pl

  1. common plural of عَنُود (ʕanūd)

Egyptian Arabic

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Etymology

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From Arabic عِنْدَ (ʕinda).

Pronunciation

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Preposition

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عند (ʿand)

  1. at the house of
  2. expresses possession, to have
    ماعندوش اصحاب.ʿandūš ʾaṣḥābHe doesn't have friends.

Inflection

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Inflected forms of عند
Base form عند (ʕand)
Personal-pronoun-
including forms
singular plural
m f
1st person عندي (ʕandi) عندنا (ʕandina)
2nd person عندك (ʕandak) عندك (ʕandik) عندكو (ʕanduku)
3rd person عنده (ʕandu) عندها (ʕandaha) عندهم (ʕanduhum)

Moroccan Arabic

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Etymology

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From Arabic عِنْدَ (ʕinda).

Pronunciation

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Preposition

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عند (ʕand)

  1. at the house of
  2. expresses possession, to have

Inflection

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Inflected forms of عند
Base form عند (ʕand)
Personal-pronoun-
including forms
singular plural
m f
1st person عندي (ʕandi) عندنا (ʕandna)
2nd person عندك (ʕandek) عندك (ʕandki) عندكم (ʕandkum)
3rd person عنده (ʕandu) عندها (ʕandha) عندهم (ʕandhum)

South Levantine Arabic

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Root
ع ن د
2 terms

Etymology 1

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From Arabic عِنْدَ (ʕinda).

Pronunciation

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Preposition

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عند (ʕind)

  1. at (the physical or abstract location of something or someone)
    عند البابʕind il-bābat the door
    عند الدكتورʕind id-doktōrat the doctor's
    فيه كتير مشاكل سياسيّة عند العرب.
    fīh ktīr mašākel siyāsiyye ʕind il-ʕarab
    Arabs have a lot of political problems.
    (literally, “There are a lot of political problems at the Arabs'.”)
  2. (by extension) to have
    Synonyms: مع (maʕ), إلـ (ʔil-)
    عندي واجبات كتير.
    ʕindi wajbāt ktīr
    I have a lot of homework.
    (literally, “A lot of homework is at me.”)
    كانت عندي واجبات كتير.
    kānat ʕindi wajbāt ktīr
    I had a lot of homework.
    (literally, “A lot of homework was at me.”)
    خلي عندك شوية احترام.
    ḵalli ʕindak šwayyet iḥtirām.
    Have a little respect.
Usage notes
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  • Sentences in which عند (ʕind) is used to express possession are nominal sentences: grammatically, the object of possession is framed as being in a certain place. Accordingly, if كان (kān) is used to modify the tense, it must agree grammatically with the object of possession.
  • Usually خلى (ḵalla) is used to construct the imperative; in this case, it does agree with the subject.
  • Compare عند (ʕind) with French chez.
Inflection
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    Inflected forms of عند
Base form عند (ʕind)
Personal-pronoun-
including forms
singular plural
m f
1st person عندي (ʕindi) عنّا (ʕinna)
2nd person عندك (ʕindak) عندك (ʕindek) عندكم (ʕindkom)
3rd person عنده (ʕindo) عندها (ʕindha) عندهم (ʕindhom)

Etymology 2

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Root
ع ن د
2 terms

Compare Arabic عند (ʕanada, ʕanida, ʕanuda, to be stubborn, to resist stubbornly). The shift to Form II in South Levantine Arabic might serve to intensify the meaning, which is a function of the verbs in the second form. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Verb

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عنّد (ʕannad) II (present بعنّد (biʕanned))

  1. to persist, to be stubborn
Conjugation
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    Conjugation of عنّد (ʕannad)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m عنّدت (ʕannadt) عنّدت (ʕannadt) عنّد (ʕannad) عنّدنا (ʕannadna) عنّدتو (ʕannadtu) عنّدو (ʕannadu)
f عنّدتي (ʕannadti) عنّدت (ʕannadat)
present m بعنّد (baʕanned) بتعنّد (bitʕanned) بعنّد (biʕanned) منعنّد (minʕanned) بتعنّدو (bitʕanndu) بعنّدو (biʕanndu)
f بتعنّدي (bitʕanndi) بتعنّد (bitʕanned)
subjunctive m اعنّد (aʕanned) تعنّد (tʕanned) يعنّد (yʕanned) نعنّد (nʕanned) تعنّدو (tʕanndu) يعنّدو (yʕanndu)
f تعنّدي (tʕanndi) تعنّد (tʕanned)
imperative m عنّد (ʕanned) عنّدو (ʕanndu)
f عنّدي (ʕanndi)