वह
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Hindi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Uncertain.
Most likely from Old Hindi उहु (uhu), उहुं (uhuṃ), from Apabhramsa ओहु (ohu), from Prakrit 𑀅𑀳𑁄 (aho), from Sanskrit असौ (asáu, “that”).[1][2] The inflected forms are formed by analogy with its proximal counterpart यह (yah).
For Old Hindi वो (vo), Chatterji suggested a derivation from Apabhramsa ओ (o), from Sanskrit *अव (ava), attested in अवोष् (avoṣ), अवोर् (avor, “of you both”, gen. du.), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *avá. He suggested the term not being preserved in literature but continuing to be spoken. Compare Avestan 𐬀𐬬𐬀 (ava).
Note that the second etymology explains plural वे (ve) as well, while the first does not. See there for more.
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]वह • (vah) (Urdu spelling وہ) (demonstrative)
Inflection
[edit]Pronoun declension of वह
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
direct | वह vah |
वे ve |
indirect | उस us |
उन un |
ergative | उसने usne |
उन्होंने unhõne |
genitive | उसका uskā |
उनका unkā |
dative | उसे, उसको use, usko |
उन्हें, उनको unhẽ, unko |
instrumental/ablative | उससे usse |
उनसे unse |
inessive | उसमें usmẽ |
उनमें unmẽ |
adessive | उसपे, उसपर uspe, uspar |
उनपे, उनपर unpe, unpar |
terminative | उसतक ustak |
उनतक untak |
semblative | उससा ussā |
उनसा unsā |
Coordinate terms
[edit]type | interrogative | relative | proximal demonstrative | distal demonstrative | indefinite | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
basic | non-emphatic | कौन (kaun, “who?”), क्या (kyā, “what?”) |
जो (jo) | यह (yah) | वह (vah) | कुछ (kuch), कोई (koī), कुछ-न-कुछ (kuch-na-kuch), कोई-न-कोई (koī-na-koī) | |
emphatic | - | जो भी (jo bhī) | यही (yahī) | वही (vahī) | कोई भी (koī bhī), कुछ भी (kuch bhī) | ||
time | non-emphatic | कब (kab) | जब (jab) | अब (ab) | तब (tab) | कभी (kabhī) | |
emphatic | - | जभी (jabhī) | अभी (abhī) | तभी (tabhī) | कभी भी (kabhī bhī) | ||
place | non-emphatic | कहाँ (kahā̃) | जहाँ (jahā̃) | यहाँ (yahā̃) | वहाँ (vahā̃) | कहीं (kahī̃, “somewhere”) | |
emphatic | - | जहीं (jahī̃) | यहीं (yahī̃) | वहीं (vahī̃) | कहीं भी (kahī̃ bhī, “anywhere”) | ||
quantity | कितना (kitnā) | जितना (jitnā) | इतना (itnā) | उतना (utnā) | - | ||
direction | किधर (kidhar) | जिधर (jidhar) | इधर (idhar) | उधर (udhar) | - | ||
quality | कैसा (kaisā) | जैसा (jaisā) | ऐसा (aisā) | वैसा (vaisā), तैसा m (taisā) | कोई सा (koī sā) | ||
manner | कैसे (kaise) | जैसे (jaise) | ऐसे (aise), | वैसे (vaise), तैसे (taise) | - | ||
reason/manner | क्यों (kyõ) | ज्यों (jyõ) | क्योंकि (kyõki), यों (yõ) | त्यों (tyõ) |
References
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “वह”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
- Platts, John T. (1884) “वह”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
Categories:
- Hindi terms with unknown etymologies
- Hindi terms inherited from Old Hindi
- Hindi terms derived from Old Hindi
- Hindi terms inherited from Apabhramsa
- Hindi terms derived from Apabhramsa
- Hindi terms inherited from Prakrit
- Hindi terms derived from Prakrit
- Hindi terms inherited from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Hindi terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Hindi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hindi terms with audio pronunciation
- Hindi lemmas
- Hindi pronouns
- Hindi terms with usage examples