おっかない
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Japanese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Uncertain.[1] Perhaps from archaic おおけなし (ookenashi, “impudent, undisciplined”).[2] Alternately, perhaps from おっかながる (okkanagaru, “to be afraid, be nervous”).[3] The Linguistic Atlas of Japan suggested that the word was once common in the Tōhoku and Kantō regions, but it became increasingly colloquial or intimate during the early modern period (c. 17th to 19th century).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]おっかない • (okkanai) -i (adverbial おっかなく (okkanaku))
- (colloquial, dated, formerly in Tōhoku, Kantō) frightening; scary
Inflection
[edit]Inflection of おっかない
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | おっかなかろ | okkanakaro | |
| Continuative (連用形) | おっかなく | okkanaku | |
| Terminal (終止形) | おっかない | okkanai | |
| Attributive (連体形) | おっかない | okkanai | |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | おっかなけれ | okkanakere | |
| Imperative (命令形) | おっかなかれ | okkanakare | |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | おっかなくない | okkanaku nai | |
| Informal past | おっかなかった | okkanakatta | |
| Informal negative past | おっかなくなかった | okkanaku nakatta | |
| Formal | おっかないです | okkanai desu | |
| Formal negative | おっかなくないです | okkanaku nai desu | |
| Formal past | おっかなかったです | okkanakatta desu | |
| Formal negative past | おっかなくなかったです | okkanaku nakatta desu | |
| Conjunctive | おっかなくて | okkanakute | |
| Conditional | おっかなければ | okkanakereba | |
| Provisional | おっかなかったら | okkanakattara | |
| Volitional | おっかなかろう | okkanakarō | |
| Adverbial | おっかなく | okkanaku | |
| Degree | おっかなさ | okkanasa | |
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 “おっかない”, in 日本国語大辞典[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN