亡國

Chinese

		to die; to perish	country; state; nation
trad. (亡國)		亡	國
simp. (亡国)		亡	国

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wángguó

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): mong⁴ gwok³

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): mong³ gok²

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bông-kok

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wángguó
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wángguó
    • Wade–Giles: wang²-kuo²
    • Yale: wáng-gwó
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wanggwo
    • Palladius: ванго (vango)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɑŋ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 亡國／亡国 王國／王国

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: mong⁴ gwok³
    • Yale: mòhng gwok
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mong⁴ gwok⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: mong⁴ guog³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɔːŋ²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: mong³ gok²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵐbɔŋ²² kɔk̚⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bông-kok
    • Tâi-lô: bông-kok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bongkog
    • IPA (Xiamen): /bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔŋ¹³⁻²² kɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /bɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔŋ²³⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

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• Middle Chinese: mjang kwok

Rime
Character	亡	國
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	陽 (106)	德 (132)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	武方切	古或切
Baxter	mjang	kwok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mʉɐŋ/	/kwək̚/
Pan Wuyun	/mʷiɐŋ/	/kʷək̚/
Shao Rongfen	/miuɑŋ/	/kuək̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/muaŋ/	/kwək̚/
Li Rong	/miuaŋ/	/kuək̚/
Wang Li	/mĭwaŋ/	/kuək̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/miwaŋ/	/kwək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wáng	guo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mong4	gwak1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*maŋ  [C.q]ʷˤək/

  (Zhengzhang): /*maŋ  kʷɯːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	亡	國
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wáng	guó
Middle Chinese	‹ mjang ›	‹ kwok ›
Old Chinese	/*maŋ/	/*[C.q]ʷˁək/
English	flee; disappear; die	state (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	亡	國
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	12662	5547
Phonetic component	亡	或
Rime group	陽	職
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	亡	國
Old Chinese	/*maŋ/	/*kʷɯːɡ/

Verb

亡⫽國 (verb-object) (intransitive)

1. (of a state) to perish

Derived terms

• 亡國之音／亡国之音 (wángguó zhī yīn)
• 亡國奴／亡国奴 (wángguónú)

 

Noun

亡國

1. (Classical) perished state

   • 亡國不可以復存，死者不可以復生。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     亡国不可以复存，死者不可以复生。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Art of War, circa 5^th century BCE

     Wángguó bù kěyǐ fù cún, sǐzhě bù kěyǐ fùshēng. [Pinyin]

     The perished states cannot be refounded, and the dead cannot come back to life.

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (亡國):

• → Japanese: 亡(ぼう)国(こく) (bōkoku)
• → Korean: 망국(亡國) (mangguk)
• → Vietnamese: vong quốc (亡國)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
亡	國
ぼう Grade: 6	こく Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 亡國 – see the following entry.

【亡国ぼうこく】 [noun] the destruction of a country [noun] a perished/destroyed country

(This term, 亡國, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja in this term
亡	國

Noun

亡國 • (mangguk) (hangeul 망국)

1. hanja form^? of 망국

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
亡	國

Verb

亡國

1. chữ Hán form of vong quốc (“to lose one's country; to perish (of a state)”).