兄弟

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Chinese

[edit]
elder brother younger brother
simp. and trad.
(兄弟) 		兄 弟
anagram 弟兄

Etymology

[edit]

Dvandva of 兄 (xiōng, “older brother”) + 弟 (dì, “younger brother”)

Pronunciation 1

[edit]
Note:
  • hiaⁿ-tī/hiaⁿ-tǐ - vernacular;
  • heng-tē/heng-tě - literary.
Rime
Character 兄 弟 弟
Reading # 1/1 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 曉 (32) 定 (7) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 庚 (112) 齊 (39) 齊 (39)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Rising (X) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed Open Open
Division (等) III IV IV
Fanqie 許榮切 徒禮切 特計切
Baxter xjwaeng dejX dejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/hˠwiæŋ/ /deiX/ /deiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/hʷᵚiaŋ/ /deiX/ /deiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/xiuaŋ/ /dɛiX/ /dɛiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/hwiajŋ/ /dɛjX/ /dɛjH/
Li
Rong 		/xiuɐŋ/ /deiX/ /deiH/
Wang
Li 		/xĭwɐŋ/ /dieiX/ /dieiH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/xi̯wɐŋ/ /dʱieiX/ /dʱieiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xiōng dì dì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hing1 dai6 dai6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 兄 弟
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xiōng dì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ xjwæng › ‹ dejX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*m̥raŋ/ /*lˁəjʔ/
English elder brother younger brother

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 兄 弟 弟
Reading # 1/1 1/2 2/2
No. 13905 2294 2297
Phonetic
component 		兄 弟 弟
Rime
group 		陽 脂 脂
Rime
subdivision 		0 1 1
Corresponding
MC rime 		兄 弟 第
Old
Chinese 		/*hmraŋ/ /*diːlʔ/ /*diːls/
Notes 甲金文象張口呵喝之人，
金文有往聲者。疑初與孟同源 		甲金文象繩束弋（朱芳圃說），繞弋繩須次第不亂方利於射，
爲第初文

Noun

[edit]

兄弟

  1. (literal) brother
  2. (literal) brethren; brothers and sisters; siblings
  3. (figurative) brothers; close friends; good friends (Classifier: 位 m)
  4. (neologism, fandom slang, chiefly masculine) term to address fellow/peer-netizens on social media platforms
  5. gangster
  6. (Cantonese) groomsman
Synonyms
[edit]
  • (brother):
Dialectal synonyms of 兄弟 (“brothers”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 兄弟, 手足, 昆仲, 昆季
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 兄弟
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 兄弟, 哥們兒, 哥兒, 弟兄
Taiwan 兄弟
Chengde 弟兄, 哥兒們
Chifeng 兄弟, 哥兒們
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 兄弟
Heihe 兄弟, 哥兒們
Qiqihar 兄弟, 哥兒們
Harbin 弟兄, 哥兒們
Jiamusi 兄弟, 哥兒們
Baicheng 兄弟, 哥兒們兒
Changchun 哥們兒
Tonghua 兄弟, 哥們兒
Shenyang 兄弟, 哥們兒
Jinzhou 兄弟, 弟兄, 哥兒們
Malaysia 兄弟
Singapore 兄弟
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 哥們兒
Tangshan 兄弟, 哥們兒
Cangzhou 兄弟, 哥兒們兒
Baoding 弟兄
Shijiazhuang 弟兄
Lijin 兄弟
Jinan 兄弟, 弟兄, 弟兄們
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 哥們兒
Dandong 兄弟, 哥兒們兒
Yantai 弟兄
Yantai (Muping) 弟兄
Qingdao 弟兄
Zhucheng 弟兄, 兄弟
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 弟兄, 弟兒們
Lingbao 弟兄
Jining 兄弟, 兄弟們
Wanrong 弟兄
Linfen 弟兄
Shangqiu 兄弟
Yuanyang 弟兄
Zhengzhou 兄弟
Xinyang 兄弟
Baihe 兄弟
Xi'an 弟兄
Baoji 兄弟, 弟兄
Tianshui 兄弟
Xining 弟兄, 兄弟, 弟弟
Xuzhou 兄弟, 弟兄, 弟們, 哥們兒
Fuyang 兄弟
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 兄弟, 弟兄
Lanzhou 兄弟, 弟兄
Dunhuang 弟兄
Hami 兄弟
Ürümqi 兄弟, 弟兄
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 弟兄, 兄弟, 兄弟夥
Nanchong 兄弟
Dazhou 弟兄
Hanyuan 弟兄
Xichang 兄弟
Zigong 兄弟, 兄弟夥
Chongqing 弟兄
Wuhan 弟兄, 兄弟
Yichang 兄弟, 弟兄
Xiangyang 兄弟
Tianmen 兄弟, 弟兄夥的
Guiyang 兄弟, 哥弟
Zunyi 兄弟夥, 兄弟些
Bijie 弟兄
Liping 弟兄
Zhaotong 弟兄
Dali 兄弟
Kunming 兄弟
Mengzi 兄弟
Guilin 兄弟
Liuzhou 兄弟, 弟兄
Jishou 兄弟
Changde 兄弟
Hanzhong 兄弟
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 兄弟, 弟兄
Yangzhou 兄弟, 弟兄
Lianyungang 兄弟, 弟兄
Lianshui 弟兄們子
Nantong 兄弟
Anqing 弟兄
Wuhu 弟兄
Hefei 弟兄, 兄弟
Hong'an 弟兄, 弟兄夥兒的
Cantonese Guangzhou 兄弟
Hong Kong 兄弟
Taishan 兄弟
Dongguan 兄弟
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 兄弟
Singapore (Guangfu) 兄弟
Gan Nanchang 兄弟, 弟兄
Lichuan 兄弟
Pingxiang 兄弟
Hakka Meixian 兄弟
Yudu 兄弟, 昆兄
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 兄弟
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 兄弟
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 兄弟
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 兄弟
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 兄弟
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 兄弟
Huizhou Jixi 兄弟, 哥兄弟
Shexian 哥弟, 兄弟
Jin Taiyuan 弟兄, 兄弟
Yangyuan 兄弟, 弟兄
Datong 弟兄
Xinzhou 弟兄
Lüliang (Lishi) 弟兄
Changzhi 弟兄
Linhe 兄弟
Jining 兄弟
Hohhot 兄弟
Erenhot 兄弟
Pingshan 兄弟
Zhangjiakou 兄弟
Handan 兄弟, 哥兒們
Linzhou 兄弟
Suide 弟兄
Northern Min Jian'ou 兄弟
Eastern Min Fuzhou 兄弟, 兄弟哥, 兄弟囝
Matsu 兄弟哥
Southern Min Xiamen 兄弟
Quanzhou 兄弟
Jinjiang 兄弟哥
Zhangzhou 兄弟
Taipei 兄弟
New Taipei (Sanxia) 兄弟
Kaohsiung 兄弟
Yilan 兄弟
Changhua (Lukang) 兄弟
Taichung 兄弟仔
Tainan 兄弟
Hsinchu 兄弟仔
Kinmen 兄弟
Penghu (Magong) 兄弟
Penang (Hokkien) 兄弟
Singapore (Hokkien) 兄弟
Manila (Hokkien) 兄弟, 兄弟仔
Chaozhou 兄弟
Shantou 兄弟
Haifeng 兄弟
Singapore (Teochew) 兄弟
Wenchang 兄弟
Haikou 兄弟
Singapore (Hainanese) 兄弟
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 兄弟
Wu Shanghai 弟兄, 兄弟
Shanghai (Chongming) 弟兄
Suzhou 弟兄
Danyang 弟兄, 兄弟
Hangzhou 兄弟
Ningbo 兄弟
Wenzhou 兄弟, 兄弟兒
Jinhua 哥弟
Xiang Changsha 弟兄, 兄弟
Loudi 弟兄, 兄弟
Shuangfeng 弟兄, 兄弟
Hengyang 兄弟
  • (groomsman): 伴郎 (bànláng)
Antonyms
[edit]
  • (antonym(s) of “brother”): 姐妹 (jiěmèi)
Derived terms
[edit]
Descendants
[edit]
Sino-Xenic (兄弟):

Pronunciation 2

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

兄弟

  1. (Mandarin, Gan, Jin, dialectal Wu, colloquial) younger brother
  2. (colloquial) my brother; bro (A term of address for a close friend of similar age or younger)
    兄弟，我今天請客。 [MSC, trad.]
    兄弟，我今天请客。 [MSC, simp.]
    Xiōngdì, wǒ jīntiān qǐngkè. [Pinyin]
    My brother, it's my treat today.
    兄弟，我今仔日請人。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
    兄弟，我今仔日请人。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
    Hiaⁿ-tī, góa kin-á-ji̍t chhiáⁿ-lâng. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    My brother, it's my treat today.
Synonyms
[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 弟弟 (“younger brother”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 弟
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 弟弟
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 兄弟, 弟弟
Taiwan 弟弟
Harbin 兄弟, 弟弟
Malaysia 弟弟
Singapore 弟弟
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 兄弟, 弟弟
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 兄兒, 兄弟
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 兄弟
Wanrong 兄弟 male speaker, 弟子 female speaker
Xi'an 兄弟
Xining 兄弟, 弟弟
Xuzhou 弟弟, 兄弟
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 兄弟
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 兄弟
Ürümqi 弟弟, 兄弟, 富康子
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 弟娃兒, 兄弟, 弟弟
Wuhan 弟弟, 兄弟
Guiyang 弟, 兄弟, 弟弟 childish
Liuzhou 弟, 阿弟, 老弟
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 弟弟, 兄弟
Yangzhou 兄弟, 弟弟
Nantong 弟子
Hefei 兄弟, 弟弟
Cantonese Guangzhou 細佬, 弟弟
Hong Kong 細佬, 弟弟
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 細佬
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 細佬
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 細佬
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 阿弟
Macau 細佬
Guangzhou (Panyu) 細佬
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 細佬
Guangzhou (Conghua) 細佬
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 細佬
Foshan 細佬
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 細佬
Foshan (Shunde) 細佬
Foshan (Sanshui) 細佬
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 細佬
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 細佬
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 細佬
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 細佬
Zhuhai (Doumen) 細佬
Jiangmen (Baisha) 細佬
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 細佬
Taishan 細佬, 阿弟, 細, 弟
Kaiping (Chikan) 阿弟, 細佬
Enping (Niujiang) 阿弟
Heshan (Yayao) 細佬
Dongguan 細佬, 弟弟
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 細佬
Shaoguan 細佬
Yangjiang 小弟
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 細佬
Singapore (Guangfu) 細佬
Gan Nanchang 老弟, 兄弟
Lichuan 弟
Pingxiang 老弟
Hakka Meixian 老弟, 老弟仔
Xingning 老弟, 老弟里
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 老弟
Huiyang 老弟
Huidong (Daling) 老弟
Dongguan (Qingxi) 老弟
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 老弟
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 老弟
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 老弟
Wuhua (Huacheng) 老弟
Wuhua (Changbu) 老弟
Wuhua (Mianyang) 老弟
Wuhua (Meilin) 老弟
Heyuan (Bendihua) 老弟
Wengyuan 老弟
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 老弟
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 老弟
Liannan 老弟
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 弟弟
Jiexi 老弟
Luhe 老弟
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 阿弟
Changting 老弟
Wuping 老弟
Wuping (Yanqian) 老弟子
Wuping (Pingyu) 老弟子
Liancheng 老弟
Ninghua 老弟
Yudu 老弟
Ningdu 老弟
Ruijin 老弟
Shicheng 老弟
Shangyou (Shexi) 老弟
Tonggu (Sandu) 老弟
Ganzhou (Panlong) 老弟
Dayu 弟佬
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 老弟
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 老弟
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 老弟
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 老弟
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 老弟
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 阿弟
Hong Kong 老弟
Yangxi (Tangkou) 老弟
Yangchun (Sanjia) 細佬
Xinyi (Sihe) 老弟, 細佬
Xinyi (Qianpai) 老弟, 細佬
Gaozhou (Xindong) 老弟
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 老弟
Huazhou (Xin'an) 老弟
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 老弟
Lianjiang (Qingping) 阿弟, 老弟
Mengshan (Xihe) 老弟
Luchuan 老弟
Sabah (Bao'an) 老弟
Sabah (Longchuan) 老弟
Senai (Huiyang) 老弟
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) 老弟
Singkawang 阿弟, 老弟
Huizhou Jixi 弟
Jin Taiyuan 兄弟, 弟弟
Xinzhou 兄弟
Northern Min Jian'ou 弟仔
Eastern Min Fuzhou 依弟 face-to-face, 弟
Southern Min Xiamen 小弟, 阿弟 face-to-face
Quanzhou 小弟, 阿弟 face-to-face
Zhangzhou 小弟, 阿弟 face-to-face
Zhao'an 細弟仔, 細弟
Kaohsiung 小弟
Yilan 小弟
Changhua (Lukang) 小弟
Taichung 小弟
Taichung (Wuqi) 小弟
Tainan 小弟
Taitung 小弟
Hsinchu 小弟
Penghu (Magong) 小弟
Penang (Hokkien) 小弟, 阿棣
Singapore (Hokkien) 小弟, 阿弟 face-to-face
Manila (Hokkien) 小弟
Chaozhou 阿弟
Shantou 阿弟
Jieyang 阿弟
Haifeng 阿弟, 弟, 弟弟
Bangkok (Teochew) 阿弟
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 阿弟
Singapore (Teochew) 阿弟
Leizhou 老弟
Haikou 老弟 non-face-to-face, 阿弟 face-to-face
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 細佬, 弟弟
Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 細佬
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 老弟
Wu Shanghai 弟弟, 阿弟, 兄弟
Shanghai (Chongming) 兄弟
Suzhou 兄弟, 弟弟
Danyang 弟子
Hangzhou 阿弟, 弟弟
Ningbo 阿弟, 弟弟 face-to-face
Wenzhou 阿弟
Jinhua 弟
Xiang Changsha 老弟, 弟弟
Loudi 老弟
Shuangfeng 老弟, 弟弟
Hengyang 老弟

Pronoun

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兄弟

  1. A humble term of self-address used by a man to people of the same generation.

Japanese

[edit]
Kanji in this term
兄 弟
けい
Grade: 2 		てい
Grade: 2
kan'on
Kanji in this term
兄 弟
きょう
Grade: 2 		だい
Grade: 2
goon
 兄弟 on Japanese Wikipedia

Alternative forms

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From 兄 (kyō, “elder brother”, Go-on) +‎ 弟 (dai, “younger brother”, Go-on), from Middle Chinese 兄弟.

Alternatively, from 兄 (kei, “elder brother”) (Kan-on) +‎ 弟 (tei, “younger brother”) (Kan-on), from Chinese 兄弟. Compare 兄妹 (keimai, “elder brother and younger sister”), 姉弟 (shitei, “elder sister and younger brother”), and 姉妹 (shimai, “elder and younger sisters”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

[edit]

兄(きょう)弟(だい) • (kyōdai) ←きやうだい (kyaudai)? (alternative reading hiragana けいてい, rōmaji keitei)

  1. brothers
    だんご三(さん)兄(きょう)弟(だい)
    dango san kyōdai
    Dango three brothers
  2. (by extension) siblings in general
    男(おとこ)兄(きょう)弟(だい)
    otoko kyōdai
    brothers
    女(おんな)兄(きょう)弟(だい)
    onna kyōdai
    sisters
  3. (by extension) brothers and sisters; brethren (brotherhood; fellowship)

Usage notes

[edit]
  • Note that the alternative forms listed above are used to be specific to the kinds of siblings.
  • For the general "siblings" sense, hiragana may be used instead of kanji.
  • The alternative spellings are only utilised for the siblings sense and may only be used with the pronunciation kyōdai

Hypernyms

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Coordinate terms

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See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

[edit]
Hanja in this term
兄弟

Noun

[edit]

兄弟 • (hyeongje) (hangeul 형제)

  1. hanja form? of 형제 (“brother, brothers, sibling”)

Kunigami

[edit]
Kanji in this term
兄 弟
ちょー
Grade: 2 		れー
Grade: 2

Etymology

[edit]

Cognate to Japanese 兄弟 (kyōdai).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

兄(ちょー)弟(れー) (chōrē) 

  1. siblings; brothers and sisters

Okinawan

[edit]
Kanji in this term
兄 弟
ちょー
Grade: 2 		でー
Grade: 2

Etymology

[edit]

Cognate with Japanese 兄弟 (kyōdai).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

兄(ちょー)弟(でー) (chōdē) 

  1. siblings; brothers and sisters

Vietnamese

[edit]
chữ Hán Nôm in this term
兄弟

Noun

[edit]

兄弟

  1. chữ Hán form of huynh đệ (“brothers”).
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