啞

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See also: 唖, and 哑
啞 U+555E, 啞
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-555E
← 啝
[U+555D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 啟 →
[U+555F]

Translingual

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Traditional 啞
Shinjitai
(extended) 		唖
Simplified 哑

Han character

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啞 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 口一中一 (RMLM), four-corner 61017, composition ⿰口亞)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 196, character 15
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3835
  • Dae Jaweon: page 417, character 24
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 636, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+555E

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 啞
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (亞) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
椏 *qaːʔ, *qraː
錏 *qraː
鵶 *qraː
啞 *qraːʔ, *qraːɡs, *qraːɡ, *qraːɡ
瘂 *qraːʔ
亞 *qraːɡs
婭 *qraːɡs
俹 *qraːɡs
稏 *qraːɡs
惡 *qaː, *qaːɡs, *qaːɡ
噁 *qaːɡs
堊 *qaːɡ
蝁 *qaːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qraːʔ, *qraːɡs, *qraːɡ, *qraːɡ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 亞 (OC *qraːɡs).

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-ʔa (“mute”).

Pronunciation 1

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trad. 啞
simp. 哑
alternative forms 瘂／痖 “mute; hoarse”
𤺘
Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.
Note:
  • é/ée - vernacular;
  • á - literary.
Rime
Character 啞
Reading # 1/4
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 麻 (98)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 烏下切
Baxter 'aeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔˠaX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔᵚaX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔaX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔaɨX/
Li
Rong 		/ʔaX/
Wang
Li 		/aX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʔaX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yǎ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		aa2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 啞
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yǎ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔaeX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔˁraʔ/
English mute

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 啞
Reading # 1/4
No. 14210
Phonetic
component 		亞
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		啞
Old
Chinese 		/*qraːʔ/
Notes 見史記後亦作瘂

Definitions

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啞

  1. mute; dumb (unable to speak)
  2. speechless; without sound
    啞劇／哑剧  ―  yǎjù  ―  mime
    啞鈴／哑铃  ―  yǎlíng  ―  dumbbell
    啞口無言／哑口无言  ―  yǎkǒuwúyán  ―  to be left speechless
  3. hoarse
    喊得我嗓子都啞了 [MSC, trad.]
    喊得我嗓子都哑了 [MSC, simp.]
    hǎn de wǒ sǎngzi dōu yǎ le [Pinyin]
    to have shouted myself hoarse
  4. (of a shell, bomb, etc.) to fail to explode; (of a firearm) to fail to fire
Coordinate terms
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  • 聾／聋 (lóng, “deaf”)
  • 盲 (máng, “blind”)

Compounds

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Pronunciation 2

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trad. 啞
simp. 哑
alternative forms 䛩／𲂉
Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.
Rime
Character 啞 啞
Reading # 3/4 4/4
Initial (聲) 影 (34) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 陌 (113) 麥 (119)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) II II
Fanqie 烏格切 於革切
Baxter 'aek 'eak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔˠæk̚/ /ʔˠɛk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔᵚak̚/ /ʔᵚæk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔak̚/ /ʔɐk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔaɨjk̚/ /ʔəɨjk̚/
Li
Rong 		/ʔɐk̚/ /ʔɛk̚/
Wang
Li 		/ɐk̚/ /æk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʔɐk̚/ /ʔæk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		e e
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ak1 ak1
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 啞 啞
Reading # 3/4 4/4
No. 14223 14224
Phonetic
component 		亞 亞
Rime
group 		鐸 鐸
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		啞 戹
Old
Chinese 		/*qraːɡ/ /*qraːɡ/

Definitions

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啞

  1. † (onomatopoeia) laughter; sound of laughing

Compounds

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Pronunciation 3

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Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.
Rime
Character 啞
Reading # 2/4
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 麻 (98)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 衣嫁切
Baxter 'aeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔˠaH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔᵚaH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔaH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔaɨH/
Li
Rong 		/ʔaH/
Wang
Li 		/aH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʔaH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yà
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		aa3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 啞
Reading # 2/4
No. 14216
Phonetic
component 		亞
Rime
group 		暮
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		亞
Old
Chinese 		/*qraːɡs/
Notes 見淮南子後亦作呀

Definitions

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啞

  1. Alternative form of 呀
  2. (onomatopoeia) The sound of cawing.
  3. (onomatopoeia) The sound of a child learning to speak.

Compounds

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Japanese

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Shinjitai
(extended)

唖

Kyūjitai

啞

Kanji

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啞

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 唖)

  1. Kyūjitai form of 唖

Readings

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  • Go-on: え (e)、やく (yaku)
  • Kan-on: あ (a)、あく (aku)
  • Kun: おし (oshi, 啞)

Definitions

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For pronunciation and definitions of 啞 – see the following entry.
【唖】H
[kanji] hyōgai kanji
[kanji] Extended shinjitai form of 啞: mute, dumb
Kanji reading:
おし
(This term, 啞, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Korean

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Hanja

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啞 • (a) (hangeul 아, revised a, McCune–Reischauer a)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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啞: Hán Nôm readings: á, ạ, ớ, dạ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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