塌

塌 U+584C, 塌 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-584C ← 塋 [U+584B] CJK Unified Ideographs 塍 → [U+584D]

Translingual

Han character

塌 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 土日尸一 (GASM), four-corner 4612₇, composition ⿰土𦐇)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 235, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5322
• Dae Jaweon: page 472, character 31
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 471, character 13
• Unihan data for U+584C

Chinese

trad.		塌
simp. #		塌

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (蹋) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
傝	*tʰoːms, *tʰaːb
搨	*tʰoːb, *taːb
蹹	*doːb
榻	*tʰaːb
遢	*tʰaːb
鰨	*tʰaːb
毾	*tʰaːb
塌	*tʰaːb
溻	*tʰaːb
蹋	*daːb
躢	*daːb
闒	*daːb

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaːb) : semantic 土 (“dirt”) + phonetic 𦐇 ()

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): tā (ta¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄚ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ta²

• Cantonese (Jyutping): taap³

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): thap / lap

  (Teochew, Peng'im): tab⁸ / tab⁴

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷thaq

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tā
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄚ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ta
    • Wade–Giles: tʻa¹
    • Yale: tā
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ta
    • Palladius: та (ta)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰä⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: ta²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ta
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰa²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: taap³
    • Yale: taap
    • Cantonese Pinyin: taap⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: tab³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaːp̚³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thap / lap
    • Tâi-lô: thap / lap
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tab, lab
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tʰap̚³²/, /lap̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰap̚⁵/, /lap̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰap̚³²/, /lap̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tʰap̚³²/, /lap̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰap̚³²/, /lap̚³²/

Note:

• thap - literary (“to fill up, to stack, to lose money”);
• lap - vernacular (“to become sunken”).

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: tab⁸ / tab⁴
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tha̍p / thap
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰap̚⁴/, /tʰap̚²/

Note: tab8 - literary.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁷thaq
    • MiniDict: thah^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴thaq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /tʰaʔ⁵⁵/

---

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*tʰaːb/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	塌
Reading #	1/1
No.	12247
Phonetic component	蹋
Rime group	盍
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	榻
Old Chinese	/*tʰaːb/

Definitions

塌

1. to collapse; to fall down; to cave in
2. to sink; to droop
3. to calm down; to settle down
4. (dialectal) to slump; to sink (of morale, etc.)
5. (Hokkien) to fill up; to fill in; to stuff (a gap, blank, vacancy, etc.)
6. (Hokkien) to stack or press close together crisscrossed
7. (Taiwanese Hokkien) to lose money
8. (Hokkien) to become sunken; to hollow; to form a depression

Synonyms

• (to collapse):

edit

• 倒冧 (dou² lam³) (Cantonese)
• 倒塌 (dǎotā)
• 傾覆／倾覆 (qīngfù)
• 凹陷 (āoxiàn)
• 坍塌 (tāntā)
• 垮 (kuǎ)
• 垮臺／垮台 (kuǎtái) (figurative)
• 塌方 (tāfāng)
• 塌臺／塌台 (tātái) (figurative)
• 塌落 (Xiamen Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
• 塌頭／塌头 (Xiamen Hokkien)
• 崩坍 (bēngtān)
• 崩塌 (bēngtā)
• 崩敗／崩败 (Hokkien, Teochew)
• 崩潰／崩溃 (bēngkuì)
• 崩裂 (bēngliè)
• 崩陷 (Hokkien, literary)
• 瓦解 (wǎjiě)
• 窞肚 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
• 解體／解体 (jiětǐ)
• 陷落 (xiànluò)

 

• (to droop):

edit

• 下垂 (xiàchuí)
• 嘟嚕／嘟噜 (dūlu)
• 拖 (tuō)
• 耷拉 (dāla) (colloquial)

 

Compounds

• 一塌糊塗／一塌糊涂
• 作塌
• 倒塌 (dǎotā)
• 光塌塌
• 剌剌塌塌
• 吹起捏塌
• 囤塌
• 坍塌 (tāntā)
• 塌中
• 塌伏
• 塌嘴
• 塌實／塌实 (tāshi)
• 塌心
• 塌拉骨
• 塌方 (tāfāng)
• 塌架
• 塌然
• 塌秧兒／塌秧儿
• 塌空 (thap-khang) (Min Nan)
• 塌臺／塌台 (tātái)
• 塌趿
• 塌車／塌车
• 塌陷 (tāxiàn)
• 塌颯／塌飒
• 塌鼻
• 塌鼻子 (tābízi)
• 天塌地陷
• 天崩地塌
• 天摧地塌 (tiāncuīdìtā)
• 崩塌 (bēngtā)
• 扁塌臉／扁塌脸
• 拽塌
• 死心塌地 (sǐxīntādì)
• 疲塌
• 衰塌
• 軟嘴塌舌／软嘴塌舌
• 鼻塌嘴歪

 

Japanese

Kanji

塌

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

• On (unclassified): とう (tō)

Korean

Hanja

塌 • (tap) (hangeul 탑, revised tap, McCune–Reischauer t'ap)

1. grind
2. collapse; break
3. drop; hang down
4. first ploughing of the rice field

References

• Naver Hanja Dictionary: 塌

Vietnamese

Han character

塌: Hán Nôm readings: tháp, thớp, thóp, thấp, thạp, thọp, thợp

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.