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See also:
U+5FC5, 必
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FC5

[U+5FC4]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5FC6]

Translingual

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Stroke order (Japan)
5 strokes
Stroke order (Taiwan)
5 strokes
Stroke order
(alternative)
Stroke order
(Japan)
Stroke order
(Taiwan)
Stroke order
(Chinese)

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 61, +1, 5 strokes, cangjie input 心竹 (PH), four-corner 33000, composition 丿)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 375, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10299
  • Dae Jaweon: page 701, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2267, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+5FC5

Chinese

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simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Likely a pictogram (象形) – weapon handle made of bamboo strips; the original character for (OC *priɡs, *bliːɡ, *priɡ, *bliɡ). The character was phonetically borrowed for the senses of "certainly" and "must".

Unrelated to , as bronze script makes clear, but in current form very similar.

Etymology

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Unclear (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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Note: bêg4 - Jieyang.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /pi⁵¹/
Harbin /pi⁵³/
Tianjin /pi⁴⁵/
Jinan /pi⁵⁵/
Qingdao /pi⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /pi⁴²/
Xi'an /pi²¹/
Xining /pji⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /pi¹³/
Lanzhou /pi¹³/
Ürümqi /pi²¹³/
Wuhan /pi²¹³/
Chengdu /pi³¹/
Guiyang /pi²¹/
Kunming /pi³¹/
Nanjing /piʔ⁵/
Hefei /piəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /piəʔ²/
Pingyao /piʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /piəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /piɪʔ⁵/
Suzhou /piəʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /piəʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /pi²¹³/
Hui Shexian /piʔ²¹/
Tunxi /pi⁵/
Xiang Changsha /pi²⁴/
Xiangtan /pi²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /piʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /pit̚¹/
Taoyuan /pit̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /pit̚⁵/
Nanning /pit̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /pit̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /pit̚³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /pɛiʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /pi²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /pik̚²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ʔbit̚⁵/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (1)
Final () (48)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter pjit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/piɪt̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/pit̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/pjet̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/pit̚/
Li
Rong
/piĕt̚/
Wang
Li
/pĭĕt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/pi̯ĕt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
bi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
bat1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ pjit ›
Old
Chinese
/*pi[t]/
English necessarily

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 568
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*pliɡ/

Definitions

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  1. surely; most certainly; always; invariably
  2. must; have to; shall
  3. (literary) conjunction indicating the condition of a concession or exception, especially a hypothetical or implied one
  4. (Hakka, Southern Min) to crack
  5. (Southern Min) to chap (of skin)
  6. (Teochew) crowded; packed; congested

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (ひつ) (hitsu)
  • Korean: 필(必) (pil)
  • Vietnamese: tất ()

Japanese

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Kanji

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(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. inevitably, certainly

Readings

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Compounds

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Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese (MC pjit).

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 반드시 (bandeusi pil))

  1. hanja form? of (surely; certainly; without fail)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: tất, ắt

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.