死亡
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Chinese
[edit]to die; impassable; uncrossable to die; impassable; uncrossable; inflexible; rigid |
to die; to perish | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (死亡) | 死 | 亡 | |
simp. #(死亡) | 死 | 亡 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): sei2 mong4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sí-mòng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5sy-vaon; 5sy-maon
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄙˇ ㄨㄤˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sǐhwáng
- Wade–Giles: ssŭ3-wang2
- Yale: sž-wáng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: syywang
- Palladius: сыван (syvan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ wɑŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: sei2 mong4
- Yale: séi mòhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: sei2 mong4
- Guangdong Romanization: séi2 mong4
- Sinological IPA (key): /sei̯³⁵ mɔːŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sí-mòng
- Hakka Romanization System: xiˋ mongˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: xi3 mong2
- Sinological IPA: /si³¹ moŋ¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- Wu
Note:
- 2sr maan - vernacular;
- 2sr vaan - literary.
- Middle Chinese: sijX mjang
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*sijʔ maŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*hljiʔ maŋ/
Verb
[edit]死亡
Synonyms
[edit]- 下世 (xiàshì) (formal)
- 上天 (shàngtiān) (euphemistic)
- 上路 (shànglù) (euphemistic)
- 不在 (bùzài) (euphemistic)
- 不幸 (bùxìng) (Classical Chinese, euphemistic)
- 不祿/不禄 (bùlù) (archaic, euphemistic, of military officers)
- 亡
- 亡故 (wánggù) (literary)
- 仙逝 (xiānshì) (euphemistic)
- 仙遊/仙游 (xiānyóu) (euphemistic)
- 作古 (zuògǔ) (literary, euphemistic)
- 做鬼 (zuòguǐ) (colloquial)
- 傾世/倾世 (qīngshì) (literary)
- 傾亡/倾亡 (qīngwáng) (literary)
- 入寂 (rùjì) (Buddhism, of Buddhist monks)
- 凋謝/凋谢 (diāoxiè) (to die of old age)
- 化去 (huàqù) (euphemistic)
- 升天 (shēngtiān) (euphemistic)
- 即世 (jíshì) (literary)
- 去世 (qùshì)
- 合眼 (héyǎn) (euphemistic)
- 喪亡/丧亡 (sàngwáng) (literary)
- 喪命/丧命 (sàngmìng) (euphemistic)
- 喪生/丧生 (sàngshēng) (euphemistic)
- 嗚呼/呜呼 (wūhū) (euphemistic)
- 嗝屁 (gěpì) (Mandarin, vulgar, dysphemistic)
- 嚥氣/咽气 (yànqì) (colloquial)
- 回老家 (huí lǎojiā) (euphemistic, humorous)
- 圓寂/圆寂 (yuánjì) (of Buddhist monks or nuns)
- 壽終正寢/寿终正寝 (shòuzhōngzhèngqǐn) (euphemistic)
- 失氣/失气 (shīqì) (literary)
- 安息 (ānxī) (euphemistic)
- 安眠 (ānmián) (euphemistic)
- 小喇叭兒吹了/小喇叭儿吹了 (xiǎo lǎbār chuī le) (Beijing Mandarin)
- 就義/就义 (jiùyì) (to die a martyr)
- 崩 (bēng) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
- 崩殂 (bēngcú) (Classical, of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
- 彈老三/弹老三 (Northern Wu, informal, humorous)
- 往生 (wǎngshēng) (euphemistic)
- 忽然 (hūrán) (Classical Chinese, euphemistic)
- 掛/挂 (guà) (slang, humorous)
- 故 (gù)
- 故世 (gùshì) (euphemistic, chiefly of one's elders)
- 故去 (gùqù) (euphemistic, chiefly of one's elders)
- 斃命/毙命 (bìmìng) (pejorative)
- 早死 (zǎosǐ)
- 晏駕/晏驾 (yànjià) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
- 枯死 (kūsǐ) (literary, figurative)
- 棄世/弃世 (qìshì) (literary)
- 歸天/归天 (guītiān) (euphemistic)
- 歸西/归西 (guīxī) (euphemistic)
- 歸道山/归道山 (guī dàoshān) (literary, euphemistic)
- 死 (sǐ)
- 死人 (sǐrén)
- 死去 (sǐqù) (informal)
- 死掉 (sǐdiào) (informal)
- 死翹翹/死翘翘 (sǐqiàoqiào) (informal, humorous)
- 死脫/死脱 (5shi-theq) (Wu)
- 殞/殒 (yǔn) (archaic)
- 氣絕/气绝 (qìjué) (literary)
- 永眠 (yǒngmián) (euphemistic, honorific)
- 沒世/没世 (mòshì) (literary)
- 沉眠 (chénmián) (euphemistic)
- 消忒 (Hakka, euphemistic)
- 物化 (wùhuà) (literary)
- 狗帶/狗带 (gǒudài) (slang, neologism)
- 畢命/毕命 (bìmìng) (formal, euphemistic)
- 病亡 (bìngwáng) (to die of illness)
- 病故 (bìnggù) (to die of illness)
- 病死 (bìngsǐ) (to die of illness)
- 病逝 (bìngshì) (to die of illness)
- 瘐死 (yǔsǐ) (of deaths in prison)
- 百年歸老/百年归老 (bǎiniánguīlǎo) (euphemistic, of the elderly)
- 盡命/尽命 (jìnmìng) (literary, euphemistic)
- 終/终 (zhōng) (literary, or in compounds, euphemistic)
- 絕/绝 (jué) (literary, or in compounds)
- 翹辮子/翘辫子 (qiào biànzi) (informal, humorous)
- 老了 (lǎo le) (euphemistic, of the elderly)
- 蒙主寵召/蒙主宠召 (méngzhǔchǒngzhào) (Christianity, euphemistic)
- 薨 (hōng) (Classical Chinese, of feudal lords or high officials)
- 薨逝 (hōngshì) (of feudal lords)
- 被難/被难 (bèinàn) (to be killed in a disaster, political incident, etc.)
- 見背/见背 (jiànbèi) (literary, of one's parents or elders)
- 見閻王/见阎王 (jiàn Yánwáng) (figurative)
- 見馬克思/见马克思 (jiàn Mǎkèsī) (communism, euphemistic)
- 謝世/谢世 (xièshì) (literary)
- 賓天/宾天 (bīntiān) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
- 走 (zǒu) (euphemistic)
- 走去踮 (Hokkien, euphemistic)
- 身亡 (shēnwáng) (formal, usually from unnatural causes)
- 辭世/辞世 (císhì) (literary)
- 辭塵/辞尘 (cíchén) (literary, euphemistic)
- 逝世 (shìshì)
- 進棺材/进棺材 (jìn guāncái)
- 過世/过世 (guòshì)
- 過去/过去 (guòqù) (euphemistic)
- 過往/过往 (Hokkien, euphemistic, Teochew, euphemistic)
- 過身/过身 (guòshēn) (literary)
- 過面/过面 (Hokkien)
- 長山賣鴨卵/长山卖鸭卵 (Hakka, euphemistic)
- 長眠/长眠 (chángmián) (euphemistic, honorific)
- 閉眼/闭眼 (bìyǎn) (euphemistic)
- 隕落/陨落 (yǔnluò) (euphemistic)
- 離世/离世 (líshì) (euphemistic)
- 駕崩/驾崩 (jiàbēng) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
- 駕鶴西去/驾鹤西去 (jiàhèxīqù) (euphemistic)
- 駕鶴西遊/驾鹤西游 (jiàhèxīyóu) (euphemistic)
- 龍馭上賓/龙驭上宾 (lóngyùshàngbīn) (of an emperor)
Antonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- 嬰兒死亡率/婴儿死亡率 (yīng'ér sǐwánglǜ)
- 宣告死亡
- 意外死亡 (yìwài sǐwáng)
- 死亡人數/死亡人数 (sǐwáng rénshù)
- 死亡保險/死亡保险
- 死亡威脅/死亡威胁 (sǐwáng wēixié)
- 死亡學/死亡学 (sǐwángxué)
- 死亡宣告
- 死亡教育
- 死亡無日/死亡无日
- 死亡率 (sǐwánglǜ)
- 死亡登記/死亡登记
- 死亡約會/死亡约会
- 死亡給付/死亡给付
- 死亡線/死亡线 (sǐwángxiàn)
- 死亡證/死亡证
- 死亡證明/死亡证明
- 死亡證明書/死亡证明书 (sǐwáng zhèngmíngshū)
- 死亡證書/死亡证书 (sǐwáng zhèngshū)
- 死亡金屬/死亡金属 (sǐwáng jīnshǔ)
- 社會性死亡/社会性死亡 (shèhuìxìng sǐwáng)
- 自然死亡 (zìrán sǐwáng)
Descendants
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
死 | 亡 |
し Grade: 3 |
ぼう Grade: 6 |
on'yomi | kan'on |
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Usage notes
[edit]Used in formal situations, such as in news broadcasts to categorize states of a person as opposed to 生存 (seizon, “survived”), 負傷 (fushō, “injured”), 行方不明 (yukuefumei, “missing”), 昏睡 (konsui, “comatose”), etc., or as a life event as opposed to 誕生 (tanjō, “birth”), 結婚 (kekkon, “marriage”), etc. The general term for death is 死 (shi), and forms of 死ぬ (shinu) are commonly used when talking about a death.
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Derived terms
- 死亡記事 (shibō kiji): an obituary
- 死亡者 (shibōsha): a deceased person, the dead
- 死亡者数 (shibōshasū): the number of deaths, the death toll
- 死亡診断書 (shibō shindansho): a death certificate
- 死亡証明書 (shibō shōmeisho): a death certificate
- 死亡証書 (shibō shōsho): a death certificate
- 死亡通知 (shibō tsūchi): a notification or announcement of someone's death
- 死亡率 (shibōritsu): a death rate, rate of mortality, a fatality rate
- 死亡一時金 (shibō ichijikin): under the Japanese national pension system, a lump sum payment to surviving family members
- 死亡賜金 (shibō shikin): (archaic) in past times, a payment to the surviving family of a government official who died on the job
- 死亡表 (shibōhyō): a mortality table, an actuarial table
- 死亡保険 (shibō hoken): term insurance, term life insurance
Verb
[edit]死亡する • (shibō suru) ←しばう (sibau)?intransitive suru (stem 死亡し (shibō shi), past 死亡した (shibō shita))
- to die
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "死亡する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 死亡し | しぼうし | shibō shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 死亡し | しぼうし | shibō shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 死亡する | しぼうする | shibō suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 死亡する | しぼうする | shibō suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 死亡すれ | しぼうすれ | shibō sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 死亡せよ¹ 死亡しろ² |
しぼうせよ¹ しぼうしろ² |
shibō seyo¹ shibō shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 死亡される | しぼうされる | shibō sareru | |
Causative | 死亡させる 死亡さす |
しぼうさせる しぼうさす |
shibō saseru shibō sasu | |
Potential | 死亡できる | しぼうできる | shibō dekiru | |
Volitional | 死亡しよう | しぼうしよう | shibō shiyō | |
Negative | 死亡しない | しぼうしない | shibō shinai | |
Negative continuative | 死亡せず | しぼうせず | shibō sezu | |
Formal | 死亡します | しぼうします | shibō shimasu | |
Perfective | 死亡した | しぼうした | shibō shita | |
Conjunctive | 死亡して | しぼうして | shibō shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 死亡すれば | しぼうすれば | shibō sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
Synonyms
[edit]- See Thesaurus:死ぬ
References
[edit]- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
Korean
[edit]Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
死 | 亡 |
Noun
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
---|---|
死 | 亡 |
Noun
[edit]死亡
Categories:
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- Intermediate Mandarin
- zh:Death
- Japanese terms spelled with 死 read as し
- Japanese terms spelled with 亡 read as ぼう
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