気付く

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Japanese

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Kanji in this term

Grade: 1
つ > づ
Grade: 4
kan'on kun'yomi
Alternative spellings
氣付く (kyūjitai)
気づく

Etymology

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Compound of (ki, awareness) +‎ 付く (tsuku, to stick, to attach, to turn on).[1][2][3][4] The tsuku reading for 付く changes to zuku as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Pronunciation

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  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「気付く
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
気付く [kìzúꜜkù]
Imperative (命令形) 気付け [kìzúꜜkè]
Key constructions
Passive 気付かれる づかれ [kìzúkáréꜜrù]
Causative 気付かせる づかせ [kìzúkáséꜜrù]
Potential 気付ける づけ [kìzúkéꜜrù]
Volitional 気付こう づこ [kìzúkóꜜò]
Negative 気付かない づかない [kìzúkáꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 気付かなかった づかなかった [kìzúkáꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 気付きます づきま [kìzúkímáꜜsù]
Perfective 気付いた いた [kìzúꜜìtà]
Conjunctive 気付いて いて [kìzúꜜìtè]
Hypothetical conditional 気付けば けば [kìzúꜜkèbà]

Verb

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()() (kizukuintransitive godan (stem ()() (kizuki), past ()()いた (kizuita))

  1. to become aware, to notice
    それについて気付(きづ)かなかった
    Sore ni tsuite kizukanakatta.
    I was not aware of that. → I did not notice that.
    危険(きけん)気付(きづ)
    kiken ni kizuku
    to become aware of a danger → to notice a danger
  2. to be revived, to come back to one's senses
    気絶(きぜつ)していた(ひと)気付(きづ)いた
    Kizetsu shiteita hito ga kizuita.
    The person who had passed out regained consciousness.

Usage notes

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Although the English gloss to notice is transitive, note that 気付く (kizuku) is intransitive. The verb can take an indirect object, marked with the particle (ni), as in the examples above.

Conjugation

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References

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  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN