Jump to content

病

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
病 U+75C5, 病
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-75C5
← 痄
[U+75C4] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 痆 →
[U+75C6]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order
10 strokes

Han character

[edit]

病 (Kangxi radical 104, 疒+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 大一人月 (KMOB), four-corner 00127, composition ⿸疒丙)

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 772, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22127
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1182, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2664, character 13
  • Unihan data for U+75C5

Chinese

[edit]
simp. and trad.
 病
2nd round simp. 疒

Glyph origin

[edit]
Characters in the same phonetic series (丙) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
更 *kraːŋ, *kraːŋs
粳 *kraːŋ
埂 *kraːŋ, *kraːŋʔ
浭 *kraːŋ
稉 *kraːŋ
梗 *kraːŋʔ
哽 *kraːŋʔ
綆 *kraːŋʔ
鯁 *kraːŋʔ
挭 *kraːŋʔ
骾 *kraːŋʔ
郠 *kraːŋʔ
硬 *ŋɡraːŋs, *ŋɡraːŋs
鞕 *ŋɡraːŋs
丙 *pqraŋʔ
炳 *praŋʔ
邴 *praŋʔ, *praŋs
怲 *praŋʔ, *praŋs
苪 *praŋʔ
蛃 *praŋʔ
昺 *praŋʔ
昞 *praŋʔ
窉 *praŋʔ
柄 *praŋʔ, *praŋs
鈵 *praŋs
寎 *praŋs
病 *braŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *braŋs) : semantic 疒 (“sickness”) + phonetic 丙 (OC *pqraŋʔ) – illness. Note that 丙 also means “fire”, hence connotations of “lying feverishly in bed”.

Etymology

[edit]

Cognate with 怲 (OC *praŋʔ, *praŋs, “to worry”) (Schuessler, 2007). This may be part of larger word family including 炳 (OC *praŋʔ, “bright”) with the basic meaning of “warm; hot” (ibid.). It has also been connected with 傷 (OC *hljaŋ) (Unger, 1986).

Pronunciation

[edit]
Note:
  • beng6 - vernacular;
  • bing6 - literary (uncommon).
Note:
  • bi3 - vernacular;
  • bing3 - literary.
Note:
  • bâng - vernacular;
  • bêng - literary.
Note:
  • pīⁿ/pēⁿ/pǐⁿ/pieⁿ - vernacular;
  • pēng/pǐn - literary.
Note:
  • be1 - vernacular;
  • bing7 - literary.
Note:
  • bin5 - vernacular;
  • bin4 - literary.
Note:
  • bbionn5 - vernacular;
  • bbin5 - literary.
Note:
  • bian5 - vernacular;
  • bin5 - literary.
    Rime
    Character 病
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 並 (3)
    Final (韻) 庚 (111)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 皮命切
    Baxter bjaengH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/bˠiæŋH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/bᵚiaŋH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/biaŋH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/biajŋH/
    Li
    Rong         		/biɐŋH/
    Wang
    Li         		/bĭɐŋH/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/bʱi̯ɐŋH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		bìng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		bing6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 病
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		bìng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ bjængH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[b]raŋ-s/
    English extreme illness

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 病
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 898
    Phonetic
    component         		丙
    Rime
    group         		陽
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		病
    Old
    Chinese         		/*braŋs/

    Definitions

    [edit]

    病

    1. illness; sickness; disease
    2. evil; ill
    3. fault; flaw
    4. to fall ill; to be sick; to be ill
      我姥姥病了。  ―  Wǒ lǎolao bìng le.  ―  My grandma got sick.
    5. to worry; to be anxious
    6. to criticize; to denounce
      詬病／诟病  ―  gòubìng  ―  to criticize

    Synonyms

    [edit]
    • (illness):
    • (to fall ill):
    Dialectal synonyms of 生病 (“to fall ill; to be ill”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 生病, 得病, 患, 患病, 害病, 染病, 發病, 病倒, 帶病, 抱病, 抱恙, 罹病, 罹患
    Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 病, 得病, 鬧病, 不舒服
    Taiwan 病, 生病, 不舒服
    Ulanhot 病
    Tongliao 病
    Chifeng 病
    Hulunbuir (Hailar) 病
    Harbin 病, 作病
    Malaysia 生病
    Singapore 生病
    Jilu Mandarin Jinan 長病, 病, 不好, 不熨貼, 不舒坦, 不得勁兒, 鬧症候
    Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 得病, 病病兒, 不濟, 不熨貼
    Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 害病, 生病, 病, 有病兒, 不好, 不老兒好, 不美氣
    Wanrong 犯病, 難過
    Zhengzhou 病, 不得勁
    Xi'an 害病, 得病, 病, 不受活 of an adult, 不乖 of a child
    Xining 病下, 得病, 不爽快
    Xuzhou 得病, 害病, 病, 不舒坦, 不舒服, 不如適, 出故事 of a child, 出症兒 of a child, 出症 of a child
    Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 得病, 病下, 不行下, 不受活, 不乖 of a child
    Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 得病, 害病, 不受活, 不乖 of a child
    Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 害病, 有病, 得病, 不好, 不清乾 Hui
    Bayanhot 害病, 病
    Lanzhou 病下, 不舒坦, 不爽快, 不輕身 of an adult, 不乖 of a child, 變狗 of a child
    Ürümqi 病下, 害病, 不舒服
    Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 害病, 得病, 病, 不好, 不安逸
    Wuhan 害病, 病, 有病, 不好, 不舒服, 不乖 of a child, 做狗狗 of a child
    Guiyang 痛病, 痛, 生病, 不好在, 不安逸, 逗狗 of a child
    Kunming 不好
    Guilin 病
    Liuzhou 病, 做狗崽 of a child, 做狗 of a child
    Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 生病, 害病, 不爽快, 不爽, 不舒服
    Yangzhou 害病, 不好過
    Nantong 不好過
    Hefei 害病, 病, 不伸坦
    Cantonese Guangzhou 病, 唔舒服, 唔精神, 唔自然
    Hong Kong 病, 唔舒服, 唔精神 dated, 唔自然 dated
    Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 病
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 病
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 有病
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 有病
    Macau 病
    Guangzhou (Panyu) 病
    Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 唔精神
    Guangzhou (Conghua) 病
    Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 病, 唔精神
    Foshan 病
    Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 病
    Foshan (Shunde) 唔精神
    Foshan (Sanshui) 唔精神
    Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 病
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 病
    Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 病
    Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 病
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 病, 唔精神
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 病
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 病
    Taishan 病
    Kaiping (Chikan) 病, 唔精神
    Enping (Niujiang) 病, 唔舒服
    Heshan (Yayao) 病
    Dongguan 病, 唔精神
    Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 唔養得
    Yangjiang 病, 得病, 無自由
    Nanning 生病, 病
    Wuzhou 生病
    Yulin 生病
    Hepu (Lianzhou) 發病
    Danzhou 有病
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 病
    Singapore (Guangfu) 病
    Gan Nanchang 生病, 病, 不好過, 不舒服
    Lichuan 病
    Pingxiang 病, 不熨貼
    Hakka Meixian 發病, 起病, 唔自然, 唔舒服, 犯病
    Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 有病
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 唔做得
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 唔做得
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 病
    Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 病
    Yudu 病
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 發病仔, 發病, 破病, 著病, 得病, 致病, 唔鬆爽, 唔自然
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 發病, 破病, 著病, 得病, 致病, 唔鬆爽, 唔自然
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 發病, 著病, 破病, 得病, 致病, 唔鬆爽, 唔自然
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 破病, 著病, 得病, 致病, 唔鬆爽, 唔快活, 唔自然
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 發病仔, 發病, 破病, 著病, 得病, 致病, 唔鬆爽, 唔自然
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 破病, 著病, 無快活, 無堵好
    Hong Kong 病
    Luchuan (Daqiao) 生病
    Senai (Huiyang) 病
    Huizhou Jixi 害病, 起病
    Jin Taiyuan 病, 害病, 鬧病, 難活
    Xinzhou 難過
    Taibus (Baochang) 病
    Linhe 病
    Jining 病
    Hohhot 難過
    Baotou 病
    Dongsheng 病
    Haibowan 難活
    Northern Min Jian'ou 病, 凊著, 伓鬆爽
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 破病, 病去, 𣍐爽快, 做犬 of a child
    Southern Min Xiamen 破病, 著病, 致病, 無爽, 無好勢, 艱苦
    Quanzhou 破病, 毋好, 著病, 致病, 艱苦
    Jinjiang 破病
    Yongchun 破病
    Zhangzhou 破病, 著病, 致病, 毋愛, 𣍐乖 of a child
    Taipei 破病
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 破病
    Kaohsiung 破病, 艱苦
    Yilan 破病, 艱苦
    Changhua (Lukang) 破病
    Taichung 破病, 艱苦
    Taichung (Wuqi) 破病
    Tainan 破病, 艱苦
    Taitung 破病
    Hsinchu 破病
    Kinmen 破病
    Penghu (Magong) 破病
    Penang (Hokkien) 破病
    Singapore (Hokkien) 破病
    Manila (Hokkien) 毋好, 破病
    Pingnan (Shangdu) 病
    Chaozhou 生病, 唔好, 無若好
    Shantou 破相, 儂孬
    Shantou (Chenghai) 破相, 儂孬
    Jieyang 著病, 破病, 生毛
    Bangkok (Teochew) 唔寬活, 儂孬
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 破病
    Singapore (Teochew) 破病
    Leizhou 惡抵
    Wenchang 惡耐, 生病
    Haikou 病, 病痛, 惡抵, 惡耐
    Qionghai 病, 惡耐
    Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 唔精神
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 病
    Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 病
    Wu Shanghai 生病, 生毛病, 有毛病, 勿適意, 勿舒服
    Shanghai (Chongming) 無得力氣
    Suzhou 生病, 生毛病, 勿適意, 勿鬆 suburbs
    Wuxi 生病
    Danyang 生病, 害病, 弗好過, 無本事
    Hangzhou 生毛病, 不舒服
    Wenzhou 生病, 病, 否好過
    Jinhua 生病, 弗好過
    Xiang Changsha 得病, 病, 不好過
    Loudi 病
    Shuangfeng 病, 不好過
    Quanzhou 生病

    Compounds

    [edit]

    Descendants

    [edit]
    Sino-Xenic (病):
    • → Vietnamese: bệnh (病)

    Others:

    References

    [edit]

    Japanese

    [edit]

    Kanji

    [edit]
    病

    (Third grade kyōiku kanji)

    1. have a disease; disease
    2. being stiff and not able to move
    3. difficult
    4. suffer
    5. make one suffer

    Readings

    [edit]

    Compounds

    [edit]

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Etymology 1

    [edit]
    Kanji in this term
    病
    やまい
    Grade: 3
    kun'yomi

    /yamapi/ → */yamawi/ → /yamai/

    連用形(れんようけい) (ren'yōkei) of Old Japanese verb 病(や)まふ (yamafu, “to suffer from a disease”), a compound of 病(や)ま (yama), the 未然形(みぜんけい) (mizenkei) of 病(や)む (yamu, “to fall ill, to become sick”), + auxiliary verb ふ (fu, indicating repetition or ongoing state).

    Noun

    [edit]

    病(やまい) • (yamai) ←やまひ (yamafi)?

    1. disease, illness
      彼(かれ)は病(やまい)を患(わずら)った。
      Kare wa yamai o wazuratta.
      He is affected with disease.
    2. a bad habit
      彼(かれ)は人(ひと)の物(もの)をとる病(やまい)がある。
      Kare wa hito no mono o toru yamai ga aru.
      He is light-fingered.

    Etymology 2

    [edit]
    Kanji in this term
    病
    Grade: 3

    From Middle Chinese 病 (MC bjaengH, “disease, illness”).

    Suffix

    [edit]

    病(びょう) • (-byō) 

    1. disease, illness

    References

    [edit]
    1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

    Korean

    [edit]

    Hanja

    [edit]

    病 (eumhun 병들 병 (byeongdeul byeong))

    1. hanja form? of 병 (“illness; disease”)

    Vietnamese

    [edit]

    Han character

    [edit]

    病: Hán Nôm readings: bệnh, bạnh, nạch, bịnh

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=病&oldid=82314655"