竹刀

Chinese

		bamboo	knife
simp. and trad. (竹刀)		竹	刀

Etymology

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 竹刀(しない) (shinai).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhúdāo

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨˊ ㄉㄠ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zuk¹ dou¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tek-to

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhúdāo
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˊ ㄉㄠ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhúdao
    • Wade–Giles: chu²-tao¹
    • Yale: jú-dāu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jwudau
    • Palladius: чжудао (čžudao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zuk¹ dou¹
    • Yale: jūk dōu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzuk⁷ dou¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: zug¹ dou¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊk̚⁵ tou̯⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tek-to
    • Tâi-lô: tik-to
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dekdoy
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ to⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɪk̚⁵⁻²⁴ to³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ to⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ to⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ tɤ⁴⁴/

Noun

竹刀

1. shinai (bamboo sword)

   Synonym: 竹劍／竹剑

Japanese

A shinai (竹刀)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
竹	刀
Grade: 1	Grade: 2
irregular

Originally a clipping of 撓い竹 (shinaidake): 撓い (shinai, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of 撓う (shinau, “to bend”)) + 竹 (take, “bamboo”).

The kanji are an example of jukujikun (熟字訓).

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “attestation of shinai?”)

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) しない [shíꜜnàì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ɕina̠i]

Noun

竹刀(しない) • (shinai) ^{←しなひ (sinafi)?}

1. bamboo sword used in martial arts such as 剣道 (kendō)

Descendants

• → English: shinai
• → Mandarin: 竹刀 (zhúdāo)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
竹	刀
たけ Grade: 1	かたな > がたな Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Compound of 竹(たけ) (take, “bamboo”) + 刀(かたな) (katana, “katana”). The katana changes to gatana as an instance of rendaku (連濁)..

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) たけがたな [tàkégáꜜtànà] (Nakadaka – [3])
• IPA^(key): [ta̠ke̞ɡa̠ta̠na̠]

Noun

竹(たけ)刀(がたな) • (takegatana) 

1. katana with a bamboo blade
2. bamboo comb used to comb a horse's mane (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)

Synonyms

• (sword): 竹(たけ)光(みつ) (takemitsu)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
竹	刀
ちく Grade: 1	とう Grade: 2
on'yomi

From the on'yomi reading of the kanji. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ちくとー [chìkútóó] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [t͡ɕikɯ̟to̞ː]

Noun

竹(ちく)刀(とう) • (chikutō) ^{←ちくたう (tikutau)?}

1. katana with a bamboo blade
2. shinai (bamboo sword used in martial arts such as kendo)