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筆

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 笔
筆 U+7B46, 筆
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7B46
← 筅
[U+7B45] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 筇 →
[U+7B47]

Translingual

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Japanese 筆
Simplified 笔
Traditional 筆
Stroke order

Han character

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筆 (Kangxi radical 118, 竹+6, 12 strokes, cangjie input 竹中手 (HLQ), four-corner 88507, composition ⿱𥫗聿)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 882, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25987
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1310, character 27
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2970, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+7B46



Chinese

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trad. 筆
simp. 笔

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (聿) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
筆 *prud
潷 *prud
硉 *ruːd
律 *rud
葎 *b·rud
聿 *b·lud
銉 *lud

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *prud) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 聿 (OC *b·lud, “writing brush”) – a hand holding a brush 聿. The bamboo (竹) refers to the material of traditional Chinese brushes.

Etymology

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Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-ris (“to draw; picture”) or *rit (“to draw; boundary”) (STEDT). Related to 聿 (OC *b·lud); more distant cognates from the allofamic root *b-rəy (“to draw, mark; boundary”) include 理 (OC *rɯʔ, “to cut jade, put in order”), Tibetan འབྲི ('bri, “to write”), Burmese ရေး (re:, “to write”).

Benedict (1972) surmises that this might ultimately be a loan from Austro-Tai into Sino-Tibetan; compare Proto-Austronesian *bulut (“hairy filaments of certain plants, husk”) (> Cebuano bulut).

Pronunciation

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Note: rare.
Note:
  • big4 - Chaozhou;
  • bêg4 - Jieyang.
Rime
Character 筆
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 質 (49)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 鄙密切
Baxter pit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pˠiɪt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/pᵚit̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/piet̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/pjit̚/
Li
Rong 		/pjĕt̚/
Wang
Li 		/pĭĕt̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/pi̯ĕt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		bi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		bat1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 筆
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		bǐ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pit ›
Old
Chinese 		/*p.[r]ut/ (borrowed as *prut from Qín dialect)
English writing brush

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 筆
Reading # 1/1
No. 15975
Phonetic
component 		聿
Rime
group 		物
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		筆
Old
Chinese 		/*prud/

Definitions

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筆

  1. writing brush
  2. (countable) pen; pencil (Classifier: 枝／支 m c mn; 把 md)
    你有筆嗎？記一下這個電話號碼。 [MSC, trad.]
    你有笔吗？记一下这个电话号码。 [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ yǒu bǐ ma? Jì yīxià zhè ge diànhuà hàomǎ. [Pinyin]
    Do you have a pen to write this phone number?
  3. † to write; to compose
  4. Classifier for writing or drawing: stroke (of Chinese characters, in a painting, etc.)
    你這個字寫錯了，這裡少了一筆。 [MSC, trad.]
    你这个字写错了，这里少了一笔。 [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ zhè ge zì xiě cuò le, zhèlǐ shào le yī bǐ. [Pinyin]
    The character you have miswritten lacks one stroke here.
  5. Classifier for sums of money and deals. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
    我會儘早把這筆錢還給你。 [MSC, trad.]
    我会尽早把这笔钱还给你。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ huì jǐnzǎo bǎ zhè bǐ qián huán gěi nǐ. [Pinyin]
    I will return the money as soon as possible.

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 筆 (“pen; pencil”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 筆
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 筆
Northeastern Mandarin Singapore 筆
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 筆
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 筆
Xi'an 筆
Xining 筆
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 筆
Ürümqi 筆
Southwestern Mandarin Wuhan 筆
Guiyang 筆
Guilin 筆
Binyang (Nanjie) 筆
Dagudi (Maliba) 筆
Reshuitang (Longling) 筆
Mae Salong (Lancang) 筆
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 筆
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 筆
Cantonese Guangzhou 筆
Hong Kong 筆
Taishan (Guanghai) 筆
Dongguan 筆
Beihai 筆
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 筆
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 筆
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 筆
Ipoh (Guangfu) 筆
Singapore (Guangfu) 筆
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 筆
Móng Cái 筆
Mandalay (Taishan) 筆
Gan Nanchang 筆
Lichuan 筆
Pingxiang 筆
Hakka Meixian 筆
Jiexi 筆
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 筆
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 筆
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 筆
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 筆
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 筆
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 筆
Huizhou Jixi 筆
Jin Taiyuan 筆
Xinzhou 筆
Northern Min Jian'ou 筆
Eastern Min Fuzhou 筆
Southern Min Xiamen 筆
Taipei 筆 GT
Penang (Hokkien) 筆
Singapore (Hokkien) 筆
Singapore (Teochew) 筆
Haikou 筆
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 筆
Wu Shanghai 筆
Shanghai (Chongming) 筆
Suzhou 筆
Danyang 筆
Hangzhou 筆
Xiangshan 筆
Wenzhou 筆
Jinhua 筆
Yiwu 筆
Xiang Changsha 筆
Xiangxiang 筆
Loudi 筆
Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)
Dialectal synonyms of 筆 (“(classifier for sums of money)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 筆
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 筆
Chengde 筆
Chifeng 筆
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 筆
Heihe 筆
Qiqihar 筆
Harbin 筆
Jiamusi 筆
Baicheng 筆
Changchun 筆
Tonghua 筆
Shenyang 筆
Jinzhou 筆
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 筆
Tangshan 筆
Cangzhou 筆
Baoding 筆
Shijiazhuang 筆
Lijin 筆
Jinan 筆
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 筆
Dandong 筆
Yantai 筆
Yantai (Muping) 筆
Qingdao 筆
Zhucheng 筆
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 筆
Lingbao 筆
Jining 筆
Linfen 筆
Shangqiu 筆
Yuanyang 筆
Zhengzhou 筆
Xinyang 筆
Baihe 筆
Xi'an 筆
Baoji 筆
Tianshui 筆
Xining 筆
Xuzhou 筆
Fuyang 筆
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 筆
Lanzhou 筆
Dunhuang 筆
Hami 筆
Ürümqi 筆
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 筆
Nanchong 筆
Dazhou 筆
Hanyuan 筆
Xichang 筆
Zigong 筆
Chongqing 筆
Wuhan 筆
Yichang 筆
Xiangyang 筆
Tianmen 筆
Guiyang 筆
Zunyi 筆
Bijie 筆
Liping 筆
Zhaotong 筆
Dali 筆
Kunming 筆
Mengzi 筆
Guilin 筆
Pingle 筆
Liuzhou 筆
Luzhai 筆
Nanning (Fujian) 匹
Nanning (Wuming) 筆
Binyang (Nanjie) 筆
Hechi (Yizhou) 筆
Luocheng (Dongmen) 筆
Tianlin (Langping) 筆
Jishou 筆
Changde 筆
Yongzhou 筆
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) 筆
Hanzhong 筆
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 筆
Yangzhou 筆
Lianyungang 筆
Lianshui 筆
Nantong 筆
Anqing 筆
Wuhu 筆
Hefei 筆
Hong'an 筆
Cantonese Hong Kong 筆
Dongguan 筆
Wuzhou 筆
Baise 筆
Qinzhou 筆
Gan Nanchang 筆
Lichuan 筆
Pingxiang 筆
Hakka Meixian 筆
Huizhou Jixi 筆
Shexian 筆
Shexian (Daguyun) 筆
Jin Taiyuan 筆
Yangyuan 筆
Datong 筆
Xinzhou 筆
Lüliang (Lishi) 筆
Changzhi 筆
Linhe 筆
Jining 筆
Hohhot 筆
Erenhot 筆
Pingshan 筆
Zhangjiakou 筆
Handan 筆
Linzhou 筆
Suide 筆
Northern Min Jian'ou 筆
Eastern Min Fuzhou 筆
Southern Min Guilin (Biyange) 筆
Haikou 筆
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 筆
Wu Shanghai 筆
Shanghai (Chongming) 筆
Danyang 筆
Hangzhou 筆
Ningbo 筆
Xiangshan 筆
Wenzhou 筆
Jinhua 筆
Yiwu 筆
Xiang Loudi 筆

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (筆):
  • → Japanese: 筆(ひつ) (hitsu)
  • → Korean: 필(筆) (pil)
  • → Vietnamese: bút (筆)

Others

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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筆

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: ひち (hichi)
  • Kan-on: ひつ (hitsu, Jōyō)
  • Kun: ふで (fude, 筆, Jōyō)、ふんで (funde, 筆)、ふみて (fumite, 筆)
  • Nanori: くし (kushi)

Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
筆
ふで
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

/fumite/ → /fũnde/ → /fude/

Shift in pronunciation from fumite below,[2] caused by a regular shift where medial み (mi) causes nasalization of the preceding vowel and voicing of the following consonant, with the nasalization reverting in some cases. Now the most common pronunciation in modern Japanese.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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筆(ふで) • (fude) 

  1. a writing brush, a painting brush, a pen
  2. writing:
    1. the act of writing
    2. something written
    3. handwriting, how someone writes
Usage notes
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The pen sense is more commonly expressed using the English-derived term ペン (pen).

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
筆
ふんで
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

/fumite/ → /fũnde/ → /funde/

Shift in pronunciation from fumite below, caused by a regular shift where medial み (mi) causes nasalization of the preceding vowel and voicing of the following consonant. Listed with this reading in the 観智院 (Kanchi-in) edition of the 11th- or 12th-century 類聚名義抄 (Ruiju Myōgishō) dictionary.[2]

Superseded by the fude reading above in modern Japanese.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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筆(ふんで) • (funde) 

  1. (obsolete) same as for fude above: brush; pen; writing

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
筆
ふみて
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

Compound of 文 (fumi, “writing”) +‎ 手 (te, “hand”). Appears with this reading in the Man'yōshū, circa 759.

Superseded by the fude reading above in modern Japanese.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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筆(ふみて) • (fumite) 

  1. (obsolete) same as for fude above: brush; pen; writing

Etymology 4

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Kanji in this term
筆
ひつ
Grade: 3
on'yomi

/pitu/ → /fitu/ → /hitu/

From Middle Chinese 筆／笔 (pit, “writing brush”). Compare modern Hakka and Min Nan pit, Mandarin bǐ.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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筆(ひつ) • (hitsu) 

  1. a brush, a pen, a writing or drawing implement
  2. the mark made by a brush or pen
  3. writing or drawing with a brush or pen
  4. an allotment of land, such as for agriculture or housing (from the way that a description of the land and the owner would be written down in the survey register)

References

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  1. ^ Toparlı, Recep (2007) Kıpçak Türkçesi Sözlüğü‎[1], 2nd edition, Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, →ISBN, page 33
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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筆 (eumhun 붓 필 (but pil))

  1. hanja form? of 필 (“writing brush; to write; stroke”)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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筆: Hán Nôm readings: bút, viết

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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