精神

Chinese

		energy; perfect; excellent energy; perfect; excellent; refined; very; proficient	God; unusual; mysterious God; unusual; mysterious; soul; spirit; divine essence; lively; spiritual being
trad. (精神)		精	神
simp. ^#(精神)		精	神

Wikipedia has articles on:

精神 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
Cheng-sîn (Southern Min)

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jīngshén

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥㄕㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zing¹ san⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chîn-sṳ̀n
Eastern Min (BUC): cĭng-sìng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): cheng-sîn

(Teochew, Peng'im): zêng¹ sing⁵ / zêng¹ sêng⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹cin-zen

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jīngshén
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥㄕㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jingshén
  - Wade–Giles: ching¹-shên²
  - Yale: jīng-shén
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jingshern
  - Palladius: цзиншэнь (czinšɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂən³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (精神兒／精神儿)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jīngshénr
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥㄕㄣˊㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jingshénr
  - Wade–Giles: ching¹-shên²-ʼrh
  - Yale: jīng-shénr
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jingsherl
  - Palladius: цзиншэньр (czinšɛnʹr)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂəɻ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zing¹ san⁴
  - Yale: jīng sàhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzing¹ san⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: jing¹ sen⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ sɐn²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chîn-sṳ̀n
  - Hakka Romanization System: jin^ˊ siin^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: jin¹ sin²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sin²⁴ sɨn¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cĭng-sìng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siŋ⁵⁵ ^(s-)niŋ⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng-sîn
  - Tâi-lô: tsing-sîn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zengsiin
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sin²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɪŋ³³ sin²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sin¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sin²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sin²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zêng¹ sing⁵ / zêng¹ sêng⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tseng sîng / tseng sêng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡seŋ³³⁻²³ siŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡seŋ³³⁻²³ seŋ⁵⁵/

Note: zêng1 sêng5 - Jieyang.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹cin-zen
  - MiniDict: cin^平 zen
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹jin-zen
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕin⁵⁵ zən²¹/

Middle Chinese: tsjeng zyin

Rime
Character	精	神
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)	船 (27)
Final (韻)	清 (121)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	子盈切	食鄰切
Baxter	tsjeng	zyin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡siᴇŋ/	/ʑiɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡siɛŋ/	/ʑin/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡siæŋ/	/ʑjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡siajŋ/	/ʑin/
Li Rong	/t͡siɛŋ/	/d͡ʑiĕn/
Wang Li	/t͡sĭɛŋ/	/d͡ʑĭĕn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡si̯ɛŋ/	/d͡ʑʰi̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jīng	shén
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zing¹	san⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tseŋ Cə.li[n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsleŋ hlin/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	精	神
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jīng	shén
Middle Chinese	‹ tsjeng ›	‹ zyin ›
Old Chinese	/*tseŋ/	/*Cə.li[n]/
English	fine rice; pure	spirit
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	精	神
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	11327	11245
Phonetic component	生	申
Rime group	耕	眞
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	精	神
Old Chinese	/*ʔsleŋ/	/*hlin/

Noun

精神

spirit; soul; will
創業精神／创业精神 ― chuàngyè jīngshén ― enterprising spirit

工匠精神 ― gōngjiàng jīngshén ― craftsman's spirit

批判精神 ― pīpàn jīngshén ― critical spirit

建黨精神／建党精神 ― jiàndǎng jīngshén ― founding spirit of the party

昂揚的革命精神／昂扬的革命精神 ― ángyáng de gémìng jīngshén ― elated revolutionary spirit
- 況夫子之精神譬如水之在地中，求之則在。 [Korean Literary Sinitic, trad.]
  From: 1497, 金宗直 (Kim Jong-jik), 《謁夫子廟賦》 (Rhapsody on visiting the temple of Confucius), 《佔畢齋集》
  Hwang Buja ji jeongsin biyeo su ji jae jijung, gu ji jeuk jae. [Sino-Korean]
  Furthermore, the soul of the Sage is akin to how water is underground; if one seeks it out, it shall be there.
- 身体在獄中，
  精神在獄外。
  欲成大事業，
  精神更要大。 [Vietnamese Literary Sinitic, trad.]
  From: 1942, 胡志明 (Hú Zhìmíng) (Hồ Chí Minh), 《獄中日記·無題》 (Prison Diary, “Untitled”); translated based on Foreign Languages Publishing House's 1972 version
  Thân thể tại ngục trung,
  Tinh thần tại ngục ngoại.
  Dục thành đại sự nghiệp,
  Tinh thần cánh yếu đại. [Sino-Vietnamese]
  Thy body is in jail,
  But thy spirit, never.
  For the great cause to prevail,
  Let thy spirit soar higher.
(psychology, psychiatry) mind; mental state
精神不健全 ― jīngshén bù jiànquán ― to be mentally unsound; unsoundness of mind
drive; energy; vigor
他的父親看起來是一位精神矍鑠的老人。 [MSC, trad.]
他的父亲看起来是一位精神矍铄的老人。 [MSC, simp.]
Tā de fùqīn kànqilai shì yī wèi jīngshén juéshuò de lǎorén. [Pinyin]
His father looks like a sprightly old man.
essence; gist

Synonyms

(energy):

edit

功夫 (gōngfu)
氣力／气力 (qìlì)
氣脈／气脉 (qìmài) (chiefly Hakka)
精力 (jīnglì)

Adjective

精神

(attributive) spiritual; immaterial; cultural
精神家園／精神家园 ― jīngshén jiāyuán ― spiritual home
(attributive) mental; psychiatric; psychological

Derived terms

人文精神 (rénwén jīngshén)
人逢喜事精神爽 (rén féng xǐshì jīngshén shuǎng)
團隊精神／团队精神 (tuánduì jīngshén)
契約精神／契约精神 (qìyuē jīngshén)
工匠精神 (gōngjiàng jīngshén)
弄精神
打起精神
抖搜精神 (dǒusōujīngshén)
抖擻精神／抖擞精神 (dǒusǒujīngshén)
摩羅精神／摩罗精神
放精神著
敬業精神／敬业精神
時代精神／时代精神 (shídài jīngshén)
民族精神
民族精神教育
法律精神 (fǎlǜ jīngshén)
科學精神／科学精神 (kēxué jīngshén)
立國精神／立国精神
精神出軌／精神出轨 (jīngshén chūguǐ)
精神分析 (jīngshén fēnxī)
精神分裂症 (jīngshén fēnlièzhèng)
精神可嘉
精神垃圾
精神堡壘／精神堡垒
精神外遇
精神失常 (jīngshén shīcháng)
精神奕奕 (jīngshényìyì)
精神官能症 (jīngshén guānnéng zhèng)
精神恍惚
精神感召
精神感應／精神感应
精神抖擻／精神抖擞 (jīngshéndǒusǒu)
精神抑鬱症／精神抑郁症 (jīngshén yìyùzhèng)
精神支持 (jīngshén zhīchí)
精神文化
精神文明 (jīngshén wénmíng)
精神日本人 (jīngshén rìběnrén)
精神暴力
精神污染 (jīngshén wūrǎn)
精神治療／精神治疗 (jīngshén zhìliáo)
精神渙散／精神涣散
精神滿腹／精神满腹
精神煥發／精神焕发 (jīngshénhuànfā)
精神生活 (jīngshén shēnghuó)
精神產品／精神产品 (jīngshén chǎnpǐn)
精神病 (jīngshénbìng)
精神症
精神病學／精神病学 (jīngshénbìngxué)
精神疾病 (jīngshén jíbìng)
精神病院 (jīngshénbìngyuàn)
精神療法／精神疗法 (jīngshén liáofǎ)
精神科 (jīngshénkē)
精神綜合法／精神综合法 (jīngshén zōnghéfǎ)
精神缺陷 (jīngshén quēxiàn)
精神藥物／精神药物 (jīngshén yàowù)
精神衛生／精神卫生 (jīngshén wèishēng)
精神財富／精神财富 (jīngshén cáifù)
精神運動／精神运动 (jīngshén yùndòng)
精神醫學／精神医学 (jīngshén yīxué)
精神錯亂／精神错乱 (jīngshén cuòluàn)
精神錦標／精神锦标
精神面
精神食糧／精神食粮
精神飽滿／精神饱满 (jīngshénbǎomǎn)
螃蟹精神 (pángxiè jīngshén)
補精神／补精神
費盡精神／费尽精神
運動精神／运动精神
開國精神／开国精神
阿Q精神
頤養精神／颐养精神
首創精神／首创精神 (shǒuchuàng jīngshén)
體育精神／体育精神 (tǐyù jīngshén)
龍馬精神／龙马精神 (lóngmǎjīngshén)

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jīngshen, jīngshén

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥ ˙ㄕㄣ, ㄐㄧㄥㄕㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zing¹ san⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chîn-sṳ̀n
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): cheng-sîn

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jīngshen
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ ˙ㄕㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jingshe̊n
  - Wade–Giles: ching¹-shên⁵
  - Yale: jīng-shen
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jing.shen
  - Palladius: цзиншэнь (czinšɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂən²/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jīngshén
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥㄕㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jingshén
  - Wade–Giles: ching¹-shên²
  - Yale: jīng-shén
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jingshern
  - Palladius: цзиншэнь (czinšɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂən³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zing¹ san⁴
  - Yale: jīng sàhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzing¹ san⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: jing¹ sen⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ sɐn²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chîn-sṳ̀n
  - Hakka Romanization System: jin^ˊ siin^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: jin¹ sin²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sin²⁴ sɨn¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng-sîn
  - Tâi-lô: tsing-sîn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zengsiin
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sin²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɪŋ³³ sin²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sin¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sin²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sin²³/

Adjective

精神

lively; active; brisk; in good spirits; spirited; energetic
笑到精神嗮 [Cantonese] ― siu³ dou³ zing¹ san⁴ saai³ [Jyutping] ― to laugh oneself awake
(Northeastern Mandarin) pretty; handsome
(Jianghuai Mandarin) cautious; alert
(Jiaoliao Mandarin) shrewd

Verb

精神

(Hokkien) to wake up; to be awake

Synonyms

睡醒 (shuìxǐng)
(Cantonese) 瞓醒／𰥛醒, 瞓醒覺／𰥛醒觉
(Hokkien) 睏醒／困醒, 精英

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (精神):

→ Japanese: 精神(せいしん) (seishin)
→ Korean: 정신(精神) (jeongsin)
→ Vietnamese: tinh thần (精神)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
精	神
せい Grade: 5	しん Grade: 3
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
精神 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) せーしん [séꜜèshìǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
IPA^(key): [se̞ːɕĩɴ]

Noun

精(せい)神(しん) • (seishin)

psyche; spirit; soul; mind; will
- 2003 November 20, “ゴギガ・ガガギゴ [Gogiga Gagagigo]”, in 天空の聖域 [The Sanctuary in the Sky], Konami:
  
  既(すで)に精(せい)神(しん)は崩(ほう)壊(かい)し、肉(にく)体(たい)は更(さら)なるパワーを求(もと)めて暴(ぼう)走(そう)する。その姿(すがた)にかつての面(おも)影(かげ)はない…。
  Sude ni seishin wa hōkaishi, nikutai wa saranaru pawā o motomete bōsōsuru. Sono sugata ni katsute no omokage wa nai….
  His mind long since collapsed, his body recklessly continues craving even more power. He no longer resembles his former self….

Derived terms

精神界(せいしんかい) (seishinkai, “the spiritual world”)
精神的(せいしんてき) (seishin-teki, “mental, emotional”)
精神論(せいしんろん) (seishin-ron)
精神(せいしん)病(びょう) (seishinbyō, “a mental illness”)
精神(せいしん)力(りょく) (seishinryoku, “mental power”)
精神(せいしん)医(い)学(がく) (seishin igaku, “psychiatry”)
精神(せいしん)異(い)常(じょう) (seishin ijō, “mental derangement”)
精神衛生(せいしんえいせい) (seishin eisei, “mental health”)
精神鑑定(せいしんかんてい) (seishin kantei, “a psychiatric test”)
精神(せいしん)教(きょう)育(いく) (seishin kyōiku, “moral education”)
精神主(せいしんしゅ)義(ぎ) (seishin shugi, “spiritualism, idealism”)
精神障害(せいしんしょうがい) (seishin shōgai, “mental disorder”)
精神状態(せいしんじょうたい) (seishin jōtai, “one's state of mind”)
精神神経(せいしんしんけい)科(か) (seishin shinkeika, “neuropsychiatry”)
精神(せいしん)遅(ち)滞(たい) (seishin chitai, “mental retardation”)
精神年齢(せいしんねんれい) (seishin nenrei, “mental age”)
精神薄(せいしんはく)弱(じゃく) (seishin hakujaku, “mental deficiency”)
精神病院(せいしんびょういん) (seishin byōin, “a mental hospital”)
精神病学(せいしんびょうがく) (seishin byōgaku, “psychiatry”)
精神分析(せいしんぶんせき) (seishin bunseki, “psychoanalysis”)
精神療(せいしんりょう)法(ほう) (seishin ryōhō, “psychotherapy”)
精神安定剤(せいしんあんていざい) (seishin anteizai, “a tranquilizer”)
精神的外(せいしんてきがい)傷(しょう) (seishin-teki gaishō, “a trauma”)
精神分裂(せいしんぶんれつ)症(しょう) (seishin bunretsushō, “schizophrenia”)
時(じ)代精神(だいせいしん) (jidaiseishin, “zeitgeist”)
開拓者精神(かいたくしゃせいしん) (kaitakushaseishin, “frontier spirit”)
団体精神(だんたいせいしん) (dantaiseishin)
抵抗精神(ていこうせいしん) (teikōseishin)
反骨精神(はんこつせいしん) (hankotsuseishin)
反俗精神(はんぞくせいしん) (hanzokuseishin)
民族精神(みんぞくせいしん) (minzokuseishin)
起(き)業(ぎょう)家(か)精神(せいしん) (kigyōkaseishin)

Korean

Hanja in this term
精	神

Noun

精神 • (jeongsin) (hangeul 정신)

hanja form^? of 정신 (“spirit, mind”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
精	神

Noun

精神

chữ Hán form of tinh thần (“spirit, mind”).

Chinese

Pronunciation 1

Noun

Synonyms

Adjective

See also

Derived terms

Pronunciation 2

Adjective

Verb

Synonyms

Descendants

Japanese

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Korean

Noun

Vietnamese

Noun