綜

See also: 综

綜 U+7D9C, 綜 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7D9C ← 綛 [U+7D9B] CJK Unified Ideographs 綝 → [U+7D9D]

Translingual

Han character

綜 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 女火十一火 (VFJMF), four-corner 2399₁, composition ⿰糹宗)

Derived characters

• 𥵹

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 926, character 21
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27535
• Dae Jaweon: page 1363, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3419, character 8
• Unihan data for U+7D9C

Bailang

Etymology

Related to Burmese ဆောင်း (hcaung:, “winter”).

Noun

綜 (*tsoungh)

1. winter

References

• Hill, Nathan W. (2017) “Songs of the Bailang: A New Transcription with Etymological Commentary”, in Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient‎^[1], volume 103, pages 386—429

Chinese

trad.		綜
simp.		综

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (宗) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
淙	*zuːŋ, *sruːŋs, *zuːŋ
鬃	*zuːŋ, *ʔsoːŋ, *zuːŋ
漴	*zruːŋs
粽	*ʔsoːŋs
宗	*ʔsuːŋ
倧	*ʔsuːŋ
綜	*ʔsuːŋs
錝	*ʔsuːŋs
賨	*zuːŋ
琮	*zuːŋ
悰	*zuːŋ
孮	*zuːŋ
誴	*zuːŋ
崇	*zruŋ
崈	*zruŋ
踪	*ʔsoŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsuːŋs) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 宗 (OC *ʔsuːŋ).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zōng, zòng

  (Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄥ, ㄗㄨㄥˋ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zung³ / zung¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): duung¹

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chûng
• Northern Min (KCR): có̤ng
• Eastern Min (BUC): cūng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chong

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zong¹ / zong³

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵tson

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zong
    • Wade–Giles: tsung¹
    • Yale: dzūng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzong
    • Palladius: цзун (czun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zòng
    • Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zòng
    • Wade–Giles: tsung⁴
    • Yale: dzùng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzonq
    • Palladius: цзун (czun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zung³ / zung¹
    • Yale: jung / jūng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzung³ / dzung¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: zung³ / zung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ³³/, /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: duung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɵŋ³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chûng
    • Hakka Romanization System: zung^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zung¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡suŋ²⁴/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: có̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔŋ⁵⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: cūng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡suŋ³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chong
    • Tâi-lô: tsong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zofng
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zong¹ / zong³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsong / tsòng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡soŋ³³/, /t͡soŋ²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵tson
    • MiniDict: tson^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tson
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡soŋ³⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: tsowngH

Rime
Character	綜
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	冬 (5)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	子宋切
Baxter	tsowngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡suoŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡suoŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡soŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sawŋH/
Li Rong	/t͡soŋH/
Wang Li	/t͡suoŋH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡suoŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zòng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zung3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s-t]ˤuŋ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsuːŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	綜
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zòng
Middle Chinese	‹ tsowngH ›
Old Chinese	/*[s-t]ˁuŋ-s/
English	collect (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	綜
Reading #	1/1
No.	17894
Phonetic component	宗
Rime group	終
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	綜
Old Chinese	/*ʔsuːŋs/

Definitions

綜

1. to put together; to assemble; to gather
2. to synthesize; to sum up
3. to manage; to administer
4. to be proficient in
5. Classifier for threads or hairs: strand
6. to become crumpled; to crease

Compounds

• 參綜／参综
• 綜上所述／综上所述 (zōngshàngsuǒshù)
• 綜合／综合 (zōnghé)
• 綜合圖／综合图
• 綜合報導／综合报导 (zōnghé bàodǎo)
• 綜合存款／综合存款
• 綜合性／综合性
• 綜合藝術／综合艺术
• 綜合語／综合语 (zōnghéyǔ)
• 綜合銀行／综合银行
• 綜合體／综合体
• 綜括／综括 (zōngkuò)
• 綜攬／综揽
• 綜核／综核
• 綜核名實／综核名实
• 綜理／综理
• 綜藝團／综艺团
• 綜藝節目／综艺节目 (zōngyì jiémù)
• 綜觀／综观 (zōngguān)
• 綜論／综论
• 綜述／综述 (zōngshù)
• 綜鼻兒／综鼻儿
• 織綜／织综
• 複綜語／复综语
• 詞綜／词综
• 錯綜／错综 (cuòzōng)
• 錯綜複雜／错综复杂 (cuòzōngfùzá)

 

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zèng, zòng (zeng⁴, zong⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄗㄥˋ, ㄗㄨㄥˋ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zung³

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): duung¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zèng
    • Zhuyin: ㄗㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zèng
    • Wade–Giles: tsêng⁴
    • Yale: dzèng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzenq
    • Palladius: цзэн (czɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɤŋ⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan, variant in Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zòng
    • Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zòng
    • Wade–Giles: tsung⁴
    • Yale: dzùng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzonq
    • Palladius: цзун (czun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zung³
    • Yale: jung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzung³
    • Guangdong Romanization: zung³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ³³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: duung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɵŋ³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: tsowngH

Rime
Character	綜
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	冬 (5)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	子宋切
Baxter	tsowngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡suoŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡suoŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡soŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sawŋH/
Li Rong	/t͡soŋH/
Wang Li	/t͡suoŋH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡suoŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zòng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zung3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s-t]ˤuŋ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsuːŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	綜
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zòng
Middle Chinese	‹ tsowngH ›
Old Chinese	/*[s-t]ˁuŋ-s/
English	collect (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	綜
Reading #	1/1
No.	17894
Phonetic component	宗
Rime group	終
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	綜
Old Chinese	/*ʔsuːŋs/

Definitions

綜

1. heddle (on a loom)

Japanese

Kanji

綜

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. rule
2. synthesize

Readings

• Go-on: そ (so)
• Kan-on: そう (sō)
• Kun: おさめる (osameru, 綜める)、すべる (suberu, 綜べる)

Korean

Hanja

綜 • (jong) (hangeul 종, revised jong, McCune–Reischauer chong, Yale cong)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

綜: Hán Nôm readings: tổng, tống

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.