膝

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膝 U+819D, 膝
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-819D
← 膜
[U+819C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 膞 →
[U+819E]

Translingual

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Han character

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膝 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 月木人水 (BDOE), four-corner 74232, composition ⿰⺼桼)

Coordinate terms

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Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 993, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29837
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1445, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2106, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+819D

Chinese

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trad. 膝
simp. # 膝
2nd round simp. ⿰月夕
alternative forms 厀
䣛
𦡩
𦜔

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (桼) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
漆 *sʰiɡ
桼 *sʰiɡ
膝 *siɡ
厀 *siɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *siɡ) : semantic ⺼ (“meat, body”) + phonetic 桼 (OC *sʰiɡ) – the knee.

Originally 厀, a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *siɡ) : phonetic 桼 (OC *sʰiɡ) + semantic 卩 (“kneeling person”).

Etymology

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From an *s-prefixed form of Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsik (“joint”); see there for more (STEDT).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • Quanzhou and Taiwan:
    • sit - literary;
    • chhek/chhiak - vernacular.
Rime
Character 膝
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 質 (48)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 息七切
Baxter sit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/siɪt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/sit̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/sjet̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/sit̚/
Li
Rong 		/siĕt̚/
Wang
Li 		/sĭĕt̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/si̯ĕt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		sat1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 膝
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xī
Middle
Chinese 		‹ sit ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s-tsik/
English knee

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 膝
Reading # 1/1
No. 9928
Phonetic
component 		桼
Rime
group 		質
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		悉
Old
Chinese 		/*siɡ/
Notes 同厀

Definitions

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膝

  1. (anatomy) knee
    膝蓋／膝盖  ―  xīgài  ―  knee

Compounds

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Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 膝蓋 (“knee”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 膝
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 膝蓋
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 波稜蓋兒, 胳稜瓣兒, 磕膝蓋兒
Taiwan 膝蓋
Langfang 波了蓋兒
Chengde 磕膝蓋兒, 波稜蓋兒
Ulanhot 波浪蓋兒
Tongliao 波浪蓋兒
Chifeng 膝蓋, 波稜蓋兒, 波羅蓋
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 波稜蓋兒, 波浪蓋兒
Heihe 膝蓋, 波稜蓋兒
Qiqihar 波稜蓋兒
Harbin 膝蓋, 波稜蓋兒, 波勒蓋兒
Jiamusi 膝蓋兒, 波稜蓋兒
Baicheng 波稜蓋兒
Changchun 波稜蓋兒
Tonghua 波稜蓋兒
Shenyang 膝蓋兒, 波稜蓋兒, 波拉蓋兒
Jinzhou 膝蓋, 波稜蓋兒, 胳稜瓣兒
Singapore 膝蓋
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 波稜蓋兒, 磕膝蓋兒, 脖拉蓋兒, 脖力蓋兒
Tangshan 波稜蓋兒
Cangzhou 膝蓋, 波拉蓋兒
Baoding 圪拉瓣兒
Shijiazhuang 膝蓋兒, 磕膝蓋兒
Lijin 波拉蓋兒
Jinan 波勒蓋, 波拉蓋, 圪拉瓣兒
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 波羅蓋
Dandong 膝蓋兒, 波稜蓋兒
Yantai 波羅蓋
Yantai (Muping) 波稜蓋
Qingdao 波羅蓋, 波羅蓋兒
Zhucheng 波羅蓋
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 不老蓋兒, 圪老拜兒
Lingbao 虧蓋兒
Jining 圪拉拜子
Daming 胳拉伴兒
Wanrong 圪膝蓋, 膝子蓋
Linfen 圪膝蓋兒
Shangqiu 膝蓋, 波稜蓋兒, 波拉蓋兒
Yuanyang 膝蓋, 波老蓋兒
Zhengzhou 不牢蓋兒, 膝蓋
Xinyang 腿包子
Baihe 磕膝蓋兒, 波稜蓋兒
Xi'an 膝蓋, 磕膝蓋, 腿膝蓋兒
Baoji 磕膝蓋
Tianshui 磕膝蓋
Xining 波膝蓋
Xuzhou 圪婁拜子, 圪拜子, 膝蓋
Fuyang 膝蓋, 膝拉拜子
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 磕膝蓋, 普膝蓋子
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 磕膝蓋, 磕膝蓋子, 洼膝羅子
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 波稜蓋兒, 波里蓋, 膝蓋
Bayanhot 波羅蓋
Lanzhou 膝蓋, 磕膝蓋兒, 波膝蓋子, 玻璃蓋子
Dunhuang 波膝蓋
Hami 膝蓋
Ürümqi 磕膝蓋, 波膝蓋, 波膝蓋兒
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 磕膝頭兒, 膝蓋
Nanchong 膝蓋, 膝蓋骨, 磕膝頭
Dazhou 磕膝波羅
Hanyuan 磕膝頭, 磕膝包
Xichang 膝蓋, 磕膝頭
Zigong 磕膝頭
Chongqing 磕膝頭兒
Wuhan 膝蓋, 磕膝頭, 磕膝, 拱子
Yichang 膝蓋, 磕膝蓋
Xiangyang 膝蓋, 波羅蓋
Tianmen 膝蓋, 膝蓋骨
Guiyang 磕膝頭
Zunyi 磕膝頭
Bijie 磕膝頭
Liping 波羅蓋
Zhaotong 磕膝頭
Dali 磕膝頭兒
Kunming 磕膝頭, 波羅蓋
Mengzi 波羅蓋兒
Guilin 磕膝蓋, 膝蓋
Liuzhou 波羅蓋, 腳膝蓋
Jishou 磕膝頭兒
Changde 膝腦殼
Hanzhong 磕膝蓋
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 磕膝頭, 磕膝頭兒, 胳蓋兒
Yangzhou 膝蓋, 磕膝頭子, 波羅蓋子 dated
Lianyungang 磕頭子, 磕拜子
Lianshui 磕頭子
Nantong 膝頭盤兒
Anqing 磕膝坡
Wuhu 膝蓋, 膝波羅頭子
Hefei 膝蓋, 胳腦頭子, 胳腦頭, 磕膝頭, 磕老求
Huanggang 色頭兒
Mandarin Fuzhou (Qinjiang, Changle) 波羅蓋
Cantonese Guangzhou 膝頭哥, 膝頭
Hong Kong 膝頭哥, 膝頭
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 膝頭哥
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 膝頭蓋
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 膝頭
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 膝頭
Macau 膝頭
Guangzhou (Panyu) 膝頭哥
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 膝頭哥
Guangzhou (Conghua) 膝頭牯
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 膝頭
Foshan 膝頭哥
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 膝頭哥
Foshan (Shunde) 膝頭哥
Foshan (Sanshui) 膝頭哥
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 膝頭哥
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 膝頭哥
Zhongshan (Huancheng) 膝頭哥
Zhongshan (Nanlang) 膝頭哥
Zhongshan (Xiaolan) 膝頭哥
Zhongshan (Dongsheng, Xiaolan) 膝頭哥
Zhongshan (Tanbei, Xiaolan) 膝頭哥
Zhongshan (Henglan) 膝頭哥
Zhongshan (Dongfeng) 膝頭哥
Zhongshan (Nantou) 膝頭哥
Zhongshan (Fusha) 膝頭哥
Zhongshan (Shalang) 膝頭哥
Zhongshan (Gangkou) 膝頭哥
Zhongshan (Huangpu) 膝頭哥
Zhongshan (Sanjiao) 膝頭跗
Zhongshan (Langwang, Minzhong) 膝頭哥
Zhongshan (Minzhong) 膝頭哥
Zhongshan (Guzhen) 膝腳頭, 膝頭哥
Zhongshan (Banfu) 膝頭哥
Zhongshan (Tanzhou) 膝頭哥
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 膝頭哥
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 膝頭
Zhuhai (Doumen) 膝頭哥
Jiangmen (Baisha) 膝頭哥
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 膝頭哥
Taishan 膝頭哥, 膝頭
Kaiping (Chikan) 膝頭哥
Enping (Niujiang) 膝頭哥
Heshan (Yayao) 膝頭蓋
Dongguan 膝頭, 波羅蓋, 膝蓋
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 波羅蓋
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 膝頭
Qingyuan 膝頭哥
Fogang 膝頭哥
Yingde (Hanguang) 膝頭牯
Yangshan 膝頭牯
Lianshan (Butian) 膝頭牯
Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) 膝頭蓋
Shaoguan 膝頭哥
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 膝頭哥
Renhua 膝頭哥
Lechang 膝頭哥
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 膝頭哥
Sihui 膝頭哥
Guangning 膝頭哥
Deqing 膝頭牯, 膝頭哥
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 膝頭牯
Yunfu 膝頭牯
Xinxing 膝頭哥
Luoding 膝頭哥
Yunan (Pingtai) 膝頭牯
Yangjiang 膝頭
Xinyi 膝頭牯
Lianjiang 膝頭
Nanning 膝頭哥, 膝頭
Wuzhou 膝頭
Yulin 膝頭
Hepu (Lianzhou) 膝蓋
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 膝頭哥
Singapore (Guangfu) 膝頭哥
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 膝頭哥
Gan Nanchang 膝頭, 膝頭蓋子, 磕膝, 磕膝頭子, 和尚
Lichuan 膝頭公
Pingxiang 膝頭牯
Hakka Meixian 膝頭, 膝頭項
Xingning 膝頭
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 膝頭
Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua) 膝頭
Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua) 膝頭
Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua) 膝頭
Huidong (Daling) 膝頭
Dongguan (Qingxi) 膝頭蓋
Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua) 膝頭
Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua) 膝頭, 膝頭牯
Boluo (Bendihua) 膝頭
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 膝頭
Zengcheng (Zhengguo) 膝頭牯
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 膝頭, 波羅蓋
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 波羅蓋
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 膝頭
Wuhua (Huacheng) 膝頭
Wuhua (Changbu) 膝頭
Wuhua (Mianyang) 膝頭
Heyuan (Bendihua) 膝頭
Zijin (Guzhu; Bendihua) 膝頭
Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua) 膝頭
Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua) 膝頭
Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua) 腳頭
Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua) 膝頭
Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua) 膝頭骨
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 膝頭牯
Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua) 膝頭牯
Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua) 膝頭牯
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 腳頭牯
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 膝頭
Jiexi 膝頭
Changting 膝頭
Wuping 膝頭
Wuping (Pingyu) 膝頭
Liancheng 膝頭卵
Ninghua 膝頭拐, 膝頭腦
Yudu 膝頭
Ruijin 膝頭蓋子
Shicheng 膝頭
Shangyou (Shexi) 膝頭腦
Taoyuan 膝頭
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 膝頭, 腳膝頭
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 膝頭, 腳膝頭
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 膝頭, 腳膝頭
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 膝頭, 腳膝頭
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 膝頭, 腳膝頭
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 膝頭, 腳膝頭
Hong Kong 膝頭
Luchuan 膝頭
Luchuan (Daqiao) 膝頭, 膝蓋
Sabah (Longchuan) 膝頭
Senai (Huiyang) 膝頭
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) 膝頭
Singkawang 膝頭
Huizhou Jixi 腳膝頭
Shexian 腳膝頭
Huangshan (Tunxi) 腳膝頭
Xiuning 腳膝頭
Yixian 腳膝頭
Qimen 腳膝頭
Wuyuan 腳膝頭
Jin Taiyuan 圪膝蓋, 圪地跪
Pingyao 胳膝跪子
Yangyuan 膝蓋, 波稜蓋兒
Datong 圪膝蓋兒
Xinzhou 圪替跪, 圪膝蓋, 圪膝
Lüliang (Lishi) 圪膝蓋兒
Changzhi 膝蓋, 圪膝蓋
Taibus (Baochang) 圪膝蓋
Linhe 圪膝蓋, 波羅蓋, 波羅蓋子
Jining 圪膝蓋
Hohhot 圪膝蓋, 圪膝蓋兒, 圪膝
Baotou 圪膝蓋
Dongsheng 圪膝蓋
Erenhot 圪膝蓋, 圪膝
Pingshan 磕膝蓋兒
Zhangjiakou 波稜蓋兒, 胳膝蓋兒
Handan 膝蓋, 波盧蓋兒, 胳老伴兒
Linzhou 波羅蓋兒
Suide 圪膝蓋兒, 圪膝
Northern Min Jian'ou 跤腹頭
Jian'ou (Dikou) 跤腹頭
Songxi 跤腹頭
Zhenghe 跤腹頭
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 跤神頭, 跤腹頭
Jianyang 跤腹頭
Wuyishan 跤脊頭
Pucheng (Shibei) 跤腹頭
Eastern Min Fuzhou 跤腹頭
Fuqing 跤肚頭, 跤腹頭
Gutian 跤腹頭
Ningde 跤骨頭
Zhouning 跤肚頭
Fuding 跤腹頭
Matsu 跤骨頭
Southern Min Xiamen 跤頭趺
Xiamen (Tong'an) 跤頭趺
Quanzhou 跤頭趺, 牛仔頭
Jinjiang 跤頭趺
Yongchun 跤頭趺, 跤頭腕
Dehua 跤頭趺
Zhangzhou 跤頭趺, 跤尪仔
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 跤腕仔, 燈火仔
Dongshan 跤頭趺
Taipei 跤頭趺
New Taipei (Sanxia) 跤頭腕
Kaohsiung 跤頭趺, 跤頭腕
Yilan 跤頭趺, 跤頭翁仔
Changhua (Lukang) 跤腕, 跤頭趺, 跤趺
Taichung 跤頭趺
Taichung (Wuqi) 跤頭趺
Tainan 跤頭趺, 跤頭腕
Taitung 跤甕
Hsinchu 跤頭趺
Kinmen 跤頭趺
Penghu (Magong) 跤頭趺, 跤頭腕
Penang (Hokkien) 跤頭趺
Singapore (Hokkien) 跤頭趺
Manila (Hokkien) 牛仔頭, 跤頭趺
Longyan 跤頭趺
Zhangping 跤趺腕
Zhangping (Yongfu) 跤趺
Datian 跤趺頭
Pingnan (Shangdu) 膝頭
Chaozhou 跤頭趺
Shantou 跤頭, 跤頭趺
Shantou (Chenghai) 跤頭
Shantou (Chaoyang) 跤頭
Jieyang 跤頭趺
Haifeng 跤頭趺
Bangkok (Teochew) 跤頭趺
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 跤頭趺
Singapore (Teochew) 跤頭趺
Leizhou 跤頭趺, 跤趺
Wenchang 跤趺
Haikou 跤趺臍, 跤趺
Qionghai 跤趺
Puxian Min Putian 跤肚頭
Xianyou 跤肚頭
Central Min Yong'an 跤頭節, 跤筒節, 跤際頭節, 跤仔頭
Sanming (Sanyuan) 跤脊頭
Sanming (Shaxian) 跤子頭
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 跤瀝頭
Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 跤頭趺, 跤即頭
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 膝頭, 膝頭蓋, 膝頭尖
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 屈頭眼
Shehua Fu'an 腳腹頭
Fuding 腳腹頭
Luoyuan 腳腹頭
Sanming 腳腹頭
Hua'an 腳腹頭
Cangnan 腳腹頭
Fengshun 腳腹頭
Wu Shanghai 腳饅頭, 膝饅頭, 膝蓋
Shanghai (Chongming) 膝饅頭
Suzhou 腳饅頭, 膝饅頭
Wuxi 膝饅頭
Danyang 膝盤頭, 膝頭盤, 膝蓋, 膝蓋頭
Hangzhou 腳髁頭, 膝髁頭, 腳膝髁頭
Ningbo 腳髁頭
Wenzhou 腳胐頭
Jinhua 腳膝䯊
Jinhua (Tangxi) 膝蓋, 腳膝髁頭
Xiang Changsha 膝頭骨, 磕膝骨
Xiangtan 膝頭牯, 膝蓋
Loudi 膝頭牯
Shuangfeng 膝頭骨
Hengyang 膝頭箍
Quanzhou 磕膝頭

References

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  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “膝”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 252.

Japanese

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Kanji

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膝

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: しち (shichi)
  • Kan-on: しつ (shitsu)
  • Kun: ひざ (hiza, 膝, Jōyō)

Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology

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Kanji in this term
膝
ひざ
Grade: S
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *pinsa.

Pronunciation

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  • (Tokyo) ひざ [hìzá] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [çiza̠]
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

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膝(ひざ) • (hiza) 

  1. knee
    膝(ひざ)を抱(かか)える
    hiza o kakaeru
    to hug one's knees

References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 膝 (MC sit).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 시ᇙ〮 (Yale: sílq)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] 무룹 (Yale: mwùlwùp) 슬〮 (Yale: súl)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

膝 (eumhun 무릎 슬 (mureup seul))

  1. hanja form? of 슬 (“knee”) [affix]

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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膝: Hán Nôm readings: tất

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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