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針

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 针
針 U+91DD, 針
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-91DD
← 釜
[U+91DC] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 釞 →
[U+91DE]

Translingual

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Han character

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針 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+2, 10 strokes, cangjie input 金十 (CJ), four-corner 84100, composition ⿰釒十)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1296, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40165
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1799, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4168, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+91DD

Chinese

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trad. 針/鍼
simp. 针/𰾗
usage of 𰾗 in Simplified Chinese is limited to personal names.

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (十) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
針 *kjum, *kjums
汁 *kjub
卙 *kʰljub
十 *ɡjub
什 *ɡjub

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kjum, *kjums) : semantic 釒 (“metal”) + phonetic 十 (OC *ɡjub).

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-ra(p/m) (“needle”); compare Tibetan ཁབ (khab), Burmese အပ် (ap) (STEDT; Hill, 2017). See also 簪 (OC *ʔsɯːm, *ʔsrɯm, “hairpin”), 譖 (OC *ʔsrums, “to accuse, slander”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • chiam/cham - vernacular;
  • chim/cherm/chem - literary.
Note:
  • zam1 - General Teochew;
  • zang1 - Chaozhou.
Rime
Character 針 針
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 章 (23) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 侵 (139) 侵 (139)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 職深切 之任切
Baxter tsyim tsyimH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ɕiɪm/ /t͡ɕiɪmH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡ɕim/ /t͡ɕimH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ɕjem/ /t͡ɕjemH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/cim/ /cimH/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ɕiəm/ /t͡ɕiəmH/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ɕĭĕm/ /t͡ɕĭĕmH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡ɕi̯əm/ /t͡ɕi̯əmH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhēn zhèn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zam1 zam3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 針
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zhēn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsyim ›
Old
Chinese 		/*t.[k]əm/
English needle

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 針 針
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 11448 11449
Phonetic
component 		十 十
Rime
group 		侵 侵
Rime
subdivision 		3 3
Corresponding
MC rime 		斟 枕
Old
Chinese 		/*kjum/ /*kjums/
Notes 見淮南子，說文作鍼

Definitions

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針

  1. (countable) needle (Classifier: 根 m; 枚 m; 枝 c mn; 眼 c)
    alt. forms: 箴 (zhēn)
  2. needle-like object; pin; brooch; hand (of a clock or watch); tack
    時針／时针  ―  shízhēn  ―  hour hand
    指南針／指南针  ―  zhǐnánzhēn  ―  compass
  3. injection
    打針／打针  ―  dǎzhēn  ―  to give or receive an injection
    防疫針／防疫针  ―  fángyìzhēn  ―  vaccination
    流感針／流感针 [Cantonese]  ―  lau4 gam2 zam1 [Jyutping]  ―  flu shot
    荷爾蒙針／荷尔蒙针 [Cantonese]  ―  ho6 ji5 mung4 zam1 [Jyutping]  ―  hormone injection
  4. acupuncture
  5. to poke; to sting
  6. (Cantonese) to pick on; to aim at someone personally
  7. (Cantonese) spy; informer; probe (Classifier: 條／条 c)
  8. Classifier for the number of injections.
  9. Classifier for the number of stitches.

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (針):
  • → Korean: 침(針) (chim)
  • → Vietnamese: châm (針)

Others:

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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針

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
針
はり
Grade: 6
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings
鉤
鈎
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

⟨pari⟩ → /ɸaɾi/ → /haɾi/

From Old Japanese 針 (pari).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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針(はり) • (hari) 

  1. a sewing needle
  2. a sewing pin
  3. any slender, pointed object resembling or similar in use to a needle:
    1. a phonograph needle (in record players)
    2. a needle used in medical injections
    3. a knitting needle
    4. a stinger (in insects)
    5. a staple (wire fastener)
    6. (botany) a thorn
    7. (fishing) a hook, fishhook
  4. (by extension) a hand or pointer (in clocks, watches, meters, compasses, etc.)
    時(と)計(けい)の針(はり)は３(さん)時(じ)を指(さ)しています。
    Tokei no hari wa san-ji o sashiteimasu.
    The clock's hand is pointing to 3 o'clock.
  5. embroidery, needlework
  6. (figurative) malice
Derived terms
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Idioms
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Proverbs
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Counter

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針(はり) • (-hari) 

  1. counter for stitches

Proper noun

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針(はり) • (Hari) 

  1. a placename
  2. a surname

Etymology 2

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/ɕim/ → /ɕimʉ/ → /ɕiɴ/

From Middle Chinese 針 (MC tsyim|tsyimH).

Affix

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針(しん) • (shin) 

  1. sewing needle
  2. Alternative spelling of 鍼 (shin): acupuncture
  3. pointed beam
Derived terms
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Idioms
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References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Chinese 針 (MC tsyim).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 짐 (Yale: cìm)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] 바ᄂᆞᆯ〮 (Yale: pànól) 침 (Yale: chìm)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

針 (eumhun 바늘 침 (baneul chim))

  1. hanja form? of 침 (“needle (used in sewing)”) [noun]
  2. hanja form? of 침 (“needle-like object (any slender, pointy object resembling a needle)”) [noun]
  3. Alternative form of 鍼 (“hanja form? of 침 (“needle (used in acupuncture)”)”)

Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 2

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From Middle Chinese 針 (MC tsyimH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 짐〮 (Yale: cím)

Pronunciation

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  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕʰi(ː)m]
  • Phonetic hangul: [침(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

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針 (eumhun 바느질할 침 (baneujilhal chim))

  1. hanja form? of 침 (“sewing; needlework”) [affix]

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]

Miyako

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Kanji

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針

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Etymology

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Cognate with Japanese 針 (hari).

Pronunciation

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  • (Nakachi, Irabu) IPA(key): /paz̩/

Noun

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針(ぱイ゚) (paz) 

  1. needle

References

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  • Tomihama, Sadayoshi (富浜定吉) (2013) 宮古伊良部方言辞典 [Miyako Irabu Dialect Dictionary], Naha (那覇市): Okinawa Times (沖縄タイムス社), →ISBN, page 531

Okinawan

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Kanji

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針

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
針
はーい
Grade: 6
kun'yomi

Cognate with Japanese 針 (hari).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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針(はーい) (hāi) 

  1. a needle used in sewing or other forms of embroidery

Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ Okinawan Dictionary Data Collection

Further reading

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Old Japanese

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Etymology 1

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This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “From Proto-Japonic *pari?”

Noun

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針 (pari) (kana はり)

  1. a needle used in embroidery
Descendants
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Etymology 2

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

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針 (paru) (kana はる)

  1. (regional, Central Eastern Old Japanese) a needle used in embroidery
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4420:
      久佐麻久良多妣乃麻流禰乃比毛多要婆安我弖等都氣呂許禮乃波流母志
      kusamakura tabi1 no2 marune no2 pi1mo tayeba aga te to2 tuke2ro2 ko2re no2 paru mosi
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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針: Hán Nôm readings: châm, chăm, chảm, găm, kim, trâm

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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