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食物

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Chinese

[edit]
eat; food; to feed
eat; food; to feed; animal feed
 
 thing; object; matter
trad. (食物) 食 物
simp. #(食物) 食 物
anagram 物食

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • chia̍h-mn̍gh/chia̍h-mi̍h - colloquial;
  • si̍t-bu̍t - literary.
Rime
Character 食 物
Reading # 2/2 1/1
Initial (聲) 船 (27) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 職 (134) 物 (60)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Closed
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 乗力切 文弗切
Baxter zyik mjut
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʑɨk̚/ /mɨut̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʑɨk̚/ /miut̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʑiek̚/ /miuət̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʑik̚/ /mut̚/
Li
Rong 		/d͡ʑiək̚/ /miuət̚/
Wang
Li 		/d͡ʑĭək̚/ /mĭuət̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/d͡ʑʰi̯ək̚/ /mi̯uət̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shí wù
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		sik6 mat6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 食 物
Reading # 1/2 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shí wù
Middle
Chinese 		‹ zyik › ‹ mjut ›
Old
Chinese 		/*mə-lək/ /*C.mut/
English eat thing

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 食 物
Reading # 2/2 1/1
No. 11477 13218
Phonetic
component 		食 勿
Rime
group 		職 物
Rime
subdivision 		0 1
Corresponding
MC rime 		物
Old
Chinese 		/*ɦljɯɡ/ /*mɯd/

Noun

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食物

  1. food

Usage notes

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There is no exact equivalent for English food in Chinese. The most generic term for food is 食物 (shíwù). Use 食品 (shípǐn) for food products, 菜餚／菜肴 (càiyáo) for dishes of food, 美食 (měishí) when the taste of the food is emphasised and 吃的 (chīde) in colloquial contexts. For food as in cuisine, consider 菜 (cài) or 料理 (liàolǐ).

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 食物 (“food”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 食物
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 食物
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 吃食, 吃兒
Taiwan 食物
Harbin 食物
Singapore 食物
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 食物, 食品
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 吃的
Xi'an 吃的
Xining 吃食
Xuzhou 吃食
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 吃的, 吃頭
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 吃的, 吃貨
Wuhan 吃食
Guiyang 吃的
Guilin 吃的
Liuzhou 吃的東西, 食物
Cantonese Hong Kong 嘢食, 食物
Gan Pingxiang 吃食
Hakka Meixian 食物
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 食物
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 食物
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 食物
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 食物
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 食物
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 食物
Huizhou Jixi 食品
Jin Taiyuan 食物
Eastern Min Fuzhou 食其乇
Southern Min Xiamen 食物, 物食, 食食
Quanzhou 食物, 食食
Zhangzhou 食物, 物食, 食食
Tainan 食物, 物食
Singapore (Hokkien) 食食, 物食
Manila (Hokkien) 食物, 食食
Leizhou 物食
Haikou 物食
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 食物
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 食物
Wu Shanghai 吃個物事
Shanghai (Chongming) 吃食物事
Xiang Loudi 吃個

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (食物):
  • → Japanese: 食物(しょくもつ) (shokumotsu)
  • → Korean: 식물(食物) (singmul)

See also

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Japanese

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
食 物
しょく
Grade: 2 		もつ
Grade: 3
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 食物 (zyik mjut, literally “eat + thing”). Possible alteration from strict goon reading jikimotsu, changing goon jiki for kan'on shoku.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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食(しょく)物(もつ) • (shokumotsu) ←しよくもつ (syokumotu)?

  1. food, foodstuff
  2. (more broadly) food and drink
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
食 物
じき
Grade: 2 		もつ
Grade: 3
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 食物 (zyik mjut, literally “eat + thing”). Possible original reading.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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食(じき)物(もつ) • (jikimotsu) 

  1. (rare) food, foodstuff
Usage notes
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The shokumotsu reading is more common.

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
食 物
しょく
Grade: 2 		ぶつ
Grade: 3
on'yomi

From Chinese 食物 (shíwù). Possible reborrowing, or change influenced by later contact with China after borrowing of earlier goon reading jikimotsu.

Pronunciation

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  • (Tokyo) しょくぶつ [shòkúꜜbùtsù] (Nakadaka – [2])
  • IPA(key): [ɕo̞kɯ̟bɯ̟t͡sɨ]

Noun

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食(しょく)物(ぶつ) • (shokubutsu) ←しよくぶつ (syokubutu)?

  1. (rare) food, foodstuff
Usage notes
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The shokumotsu reading is more common. The shokubutsu reading is generally avoided, due to the potential for confusion with the more-common term 植物 (shokubutsu, “plant, plant life”).

Etymology 4

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Kanji in this term
食 物
た(べ)
Grade: 2 		もの
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

Compound of 食べ (tabe, “stem noun form of verb 食べる (taberu, “to eat”): eating”) +‎ 物 (mono, “thing”).[4][1]

For disambiguation, this is more commonly written with the okurigana べ in the middle as 食べ物.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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食(たべ)物(もの) • (tabemono) 

  1. 食べ物: food in general; a specific food; one's diet
    See 食べ物 for more detail.

Etymology 5

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Kanji in this term
食 物
く(い)
Grade: 2 		もの
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

Compound of 食い (kui, “stem noun form of informal verb 食う (kuu, “to eat”): eating”) +‎ 物 (mono, “thing”).[4][1]

For disambiguation, this is more commonly written with the okurigana い in the middle as 食い物.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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食(くい)物(もの) • (kuimono) ←くひもの (kufimono)?

  1. 食い物: food; a sexual partner; a patsy, someone tricked into being used for someone else's gain
    See 食い物 for more detail.

Verb

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食(くい)物(もの)する • (kuimono suru) ←くひもの (kufimono)?suru (stem 食(くい)物(もの)し (kuimono shi), past 食(くい)物(もの)した (kuimono shita))

  1. 食い物: to cook, to prepare food
    See 食い物 for more detail.

Etymology 6

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Kanji in this term
食 物
く(らい)
Grade: 2 		もの
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

Compound of 食らい (kurai, “stem noun form of informal verb 食らう (kurau, “to eat, to drink”): eating, drinking”) +‎ 物 (mono, “thing”).[4][1]

For disambiguation, this is more commonly written with the okurigana らい in the middle as 食らい物.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [kɯ̟ɾa̠imo̞no̞]

Noun

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食(くらい)物(もの) • (kuraimono) ←くらひもの (kurafimono)?

  1. (rare, possibly obsolete) 食らい物: food and beverage

Etymology 7

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Kanji in this term
食 物
は(み)
Grade: 2 		もの
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

Compound of 食み (hami, “stem noun form of verb 食む (hamu, “to chew; to eat; to suck down; to incur a loss”): eating”) +‎ 物 (mono, “thing”).[4][1]

For disambiguation, this is written with the okurigana み in the middle as 食み物.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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食(はみ)物(もの) • (hamimono) 

  1. (rare, possibly obsolete) 食み物: food; more specifically, fodder or feed for animals
Synonyms
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Etymology 8

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Kanji in this term
食 物
お(し)
Grade: 2 		もの
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

Compound of 食し (oshi, “stem noun form of honorific verb 食す (osu, “to eat, to drink”, honorific): eating, drinking”) +‎ 物 (mono, “thing”).[4]

For disambiguation, this is written with the okurigana し in the middle as 食し物.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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食(おし)物(もの) • (oshimono) ←をしもの (wosimono)?

  1. (rare, possibly obsolete, formal honorific) 食し物: (rare) food and beverage

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
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