鬥

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See also: 斗, 鬦, 鬪, 鬬, 鬭, 門, 閗, and 闘
鬥 U+9B25, 鬥
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9B25
← 鬤
[U+9B24] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 鬦 →
[U+9B26]
⾾ U+2FBE, ⾾
KANGXI RADICAL FIGHT
← ⾽
[U+2FBD] 		Kangxi Radicals ⾿ →
[U+2FBF]

Translingual

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Stroke order
Japanese 闘
Simplified 斗
Traditional 鬥/鬭/鬪

Han character

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See images of
Radical 191 鬥

鬥 (Kangxi radical 191, 鬥+0, 10 strokes, cangjie input 中弓 (LN), four-corner 77114, composition ⿲𩰋王亅)

  1. Kangxi radical #191, ⾾.

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1457, character 29
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45632
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1989, character 16
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4515, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9B25

Chinese

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trad. 鬥/鬭
simp. 斗*
alternative forms
鬭／斗
鬬
鬪
鬦
闘
鬭／斗
鬬
鬪
鬦
闘
閗／𫔯
𨷖
𨷵
𨴜
𫔡
𨶜
𨷖
𨷵
𩰑
𩰒
𩰖
 

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 鬥
Shang Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (鬥) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
鬥 *toːɡs
鬭 *toːɡs

Pictogram (象形) — two figures face-to-face, fighting with bare hands. Some oracle script characters of 鬥／斗 (dòu) show that both of their hair are bristled. The character shape resembles 𠨭 and 丮 opposite each other.

鬥／斗 (dòu) and 鬭／斗 (dòu) are original characters of this form; forms with the similar-looking radical 門 ("door") were non-standard variants.

Simplified form 斗 was derived via the variant form 鬦.

鬥／斗 (dòu) is also one of the 324 simplified characters introduced by the Republic of China (Kuomintang government) in 1935 as the simplified form of 鬭／斗 (dòu); unlike other simplified glyphs, which in many cases get reused for the 1956 PRC simplifications, compared to 鬭, this ended up being used more often as the official traditional form nowadays, despite KMT retraction of such in 1936.

Etymology

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Conflation of two roots "to fight" and "to meet", and the merger has been attested since ancient times.

"to fight"
Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *daw (“to defy, interfere, be at enmity with”), which is the source of Tibetan སྡོ (sdo, “to bear up against, bid defiance”) and Burmese တော့ (tau., “to resent an insinuation, interfere in a quarrel”).
"to meet"
Schuessler (2007) considers this cognate with 注 (OC *tjos, “to apply; to be touched; to bring together; to join”); see there for more.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • tàu - vernacular;
  • tiò/tò͘ - literary.
Note:
  • dou3 - literary;
  • dao3 - vernacular.
Rime
Character 鬥
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 侯 (137)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 都豆切
Baxter tuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/təuH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/təuH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/təuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/təwH/
Li
Rong 		/tuH/
Wang
Li 		/təuH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/tə̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dòu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		dau3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 鬥
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dòu
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tuwH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tˁok-s/
English quarrel, wrangle

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 鬥
Reading # 1/1
No. 2481
Phonetic
component 		鬥
Rime
group 		竇
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		鬥
Old
Chinese 		/*toːɡs/

Definitions

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鬥

  1. to fight; to struggle
    爭鬥／争斗  ―  zhēngdòu  ―  to fight
    戰鬥／战斗  ―  zhàndòu  ―  battle
    械鬥／械斗  ―  xièdòu  ―  to fight with weapons
    拳鬥／拳斗  ―  quándòu  ―  fist fight
    格鬥／格斗  ―  gédòu  ―  grapple
    搏鬥／搏斗  ―  bódòu  ―  to wrestle
    明爭暗鬥／明争暗斗  ―  míngzhēng'àndòu  ―  both open strife and veiled struggle
    龍爭虎鬥／龙争虎斗  ―  lóngzhēnghǔdòu  ―  fierce struggle between two evenly-matched opponents
    角鬥／角斗  ―  jiǎodòu  ―  to battle
    鬥士／斗士  ―  dòushì  ―  warrior
    鬥志／斗志  ―  dòuzhì  ―  morale
    鬥毆／斗殴  ―  dòu'ōu  ―  to brawl
    鬥氣／斗气  ―  dòuqì  ―  to quarrel just to vent one's spleen
    鬥艦／斗舰  ―  dòujiàn  ―  man-of-war
  2. to make animals fight
    鬥雞／斗鸡  ―  dòujī  ―  cockfighting
    鬥牛／斗牛  ―  dòuniú  ―  bull-fight
  3. to contend; to compete with
    鬥爭／斗争  ―  dòuzhēng  ―  conflict
    鬥嘴／斗嘴  ―  dòuzuǐ  ―  to squabble
    鬥智／斗智  ―  dòuzhì  ―  contest of wits
    批鬥／批斗  ―  pīdòu  ―  to criticize and denounce a person
  4. to strive one's best
    奮鬥／奋斗  ―  fèndòu  ―  to work at one's utmost
  5. (archaic) (of stars) to collide with each other
  6. chaotic; disorderly, helter-skelter
  7. to take the opportunity to ...; to do something while it's ...
  8. to meet; to encounter; to face
  9. to face; to confront; to front; to be opposite
  10. to piece together; to fit together
    鬥電腦／斗电脑 [Cantonese]  ―  dau3 din6 nou5 [Jyutping]  ―  to assemble a computer
    鬥木佬／斗木佬 [Cantonese]  ―  dau3 muk6 lou2 [Jyutping]  ―  woodworker
  11. (dialectal) to help; to assist
  12. (dialectal) very, quite
  13. (dialectal) to collude, to plot
  14. fine tea; tea of the best quality
  15. (dialectal) bird nest
  16. Alternative form of 逗 (dòu, “to tease, to play with”)
  17. Alternative form of 兜 (dōu, “to solicit (customers or business)”)
  18. Alternative form of 陡 (dǒu, “suddenly, in a sudden”)
  19. a surname

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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鬥

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. to fight

Readings

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As a variant/kyūjitai kanji of 闘:

Usage notes

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As a radical, it is referred to as 鬥(とう)部(ぶ) (tōbu), 闘(とう)構(がま)え (tōgamae), or 闘(たたかい)構(がま)え (tatakaigamae).

Korean

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Hanja

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鬥 (eumhun 싸울 투 (ssaul tu))

  1. Alternative form of 鬪 (“hanja form? of 투 (“fight”)”)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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鬥: Hán Nôm readings: đấu, dấu

  1. chữ Hán form of đấu (“fight”).

Compounds

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