1831
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
| 1831 by topic |
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| Humanities |
| By country |
| Other topics |
| Lists of leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Works category |
| Gregorian calendar | 1831 MDCCCXXXI |
| Ab urbe condita | 2584 |
| Armenian calendar | 1280 ԹՎ ՌՄՁ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6581 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1752–1753 |
| Bengali calendar | 1238 |
| Berber calendar | 2781 |
| British Regnal year | 1 Will. 4 – 2 Will. 4 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2375 |
| Burmese calendar | 1193 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7339–7340 |
| Chinese calendar | 庚寅年 (Metal Tiger) 4528 or 4321 — to — 辛卯年 (Metal Rabbit) 4529 or 4322 |
| Coptic calendar | 1547–1548 |
| Discordian calendar | 2997 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1823–1824 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5591–5592 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1887–1888 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1752–1753 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4931–4932 |
| Holocene calendar | 11831 |
| Igbo calendar | 831–832 |
| Iranian calendar | 1209–1210 |
| Islamic calendar | 1246–1247 |
| Japanese calendar | Tenpō 2 (天保２年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1758–1759 |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 12 days |
| Korean calendar | 4164 |
| Minguo calendar | 81 before ROC 民前81年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 363 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2373–2374 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳金虎年 (male Iron-Tiger) 1957 or 1576 or 804 — to — 阴金兔年 (female Iron-Rabbit) 1958 or 1577 or 805 |
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Year 1831 (MDCCCXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar and a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar.
Events
January–March
- January 1 – William Lloyd Garrison begins publishing The Liberator, an antislavery newspaper, in Boston, Massachusetts.
- January 14 – The Hunchback of Notre-Dame is first published by Victor Hugo.
- February–March – Revolts in Modena, Parma and the Papal States are put down by Austrian troops.
- February 2 – Pope Gregory XVI succeeds Pope Pius VIII as the 254th pope.
- February 7 – Belgian Constitution of 1831 approved by the National Congress
- February 14 – Battle of Debre Abbay: Ras Marye of Yejju marches into Tigray and defeats and kills the warlord Sabagadis.
- February 20 – Battle of Olszynka Grochowska (Grochow): Polish rebel forces divide a Russian army.
- March 10 – The French Foreign Legion is founded.
- March 29 – The Bosnian uprising against the Ottoman Empire begins.
everybody died
July–September
- c.July 15 – The volcanic island of Graham Island briefly emerges in the Mediterranean.
- July 21 – Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha is inaugurated as first King of the Belgians.
- August 2 – The Dutch Ten Days' Campaign against Belgium is halted by a French army.
- August 7 – American Baptist minister William Miller preaches his first sermon on the Second Advent of Christ in Dresden, New York, launching the Advent Movement in the United States.
- August 21 – USA: Nat Turner's slave rebellion breaks out in Southampton County, Virginia.
- September 6–September 8 – Battle of Warsaw: The Russians take the Polish capital and crush resistance.
October–December
- November 7 – Slave trading is forbidden in Brazil.
- November 22 – After a bloody battle with the military causing 600 casualties, rebellious silkworkers seize Lyon, France, beginning the First Canut Revolt.
- December 27 – Charles Darwin embarks on his historic voyage aboard HMS Beagle.
- December 31 – Gramercy Park is deeded to New York City.
Date unknown
- The Sydney Morning Herald newspaper is first published.
- Muhammad Ali of Egypt's French-trained forces occupy Syria.
- Rifa'a al-Tahtawi returns from study in Paris to Egypt.
- Founding of:
- Denison University in Granville, Ohio
- Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut
- New York University in New York City
- Xavier University in Cincinnati (as "The Athenaeum")
Births
January–June
- January 7 – Heinrich von Stephan, German postal union organizer (d. 1897)
- February 24 – Leo von Caprivi, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1899)
- March 3 – George Pullman, American inventor and industrialist (d. 1897)
- March 6 – Philip Sheridan, American general (d. 1888)
- March 12 – Clement Studebaker, American automobile pioneer (d. 1901)
- March 16 – Elise Hwasser, Swedish artist (d. 1894)
- March 20 – Solomon L. Spink, U.S. Congressman from Illinois (d. 1881)
- June 1 – John Bell Hood, American Confederate general (d. 1879)
- June 2 – Jan Gerard Palm, composer (d. 1906)
- June 13 – James Clerk Maxwell, Scottish physicist (d. 1879)
- June 28 – Joseph Joachim, Austrian violinist (d. 1907)
July–December
- July 8 – John Pemberton, inventor of Coca-Cola (d. 1888)
- July 17 – Xianfeng Emperor of China (d. 1861)
- July 22 – Emperor Kōmei of Japan (d. 1867)
- August 12 – Helena Blavatsky, Russian-born author and theosophist (d. 1891)
- September 18 – Siegfried Marcus, German-born automobile pioneer (d. 1898)
- September 20 – Kate Harrington, American teacher, writer and poet (d. 1917)
- September 29 – John Schofield, American general (d. 1906)
- October 6 – Richard Dedekind, German mathematician (d. 1916)
- October 16 – Lucy Stanton, American abolitionist (d. 1910)
- October 18 – Frederick III, German Emperor (d. 1888)
- October 29 – Othniel Charles Marsh, American paleontologist (d. 1899)
- October 31 – Romualdo Pacheco, Governor of California (d. 1899)
- November 5 – Anna Leonowens, Anna of The King and I (d. 1915)
- November 19 – James A. Garfield, 20th United States President (d. 1881)
- December 19 – Bernice Pauahi Bishop, Hawaiian aliʻi (d. 1884)
Date unknown
- Sotirios Sotiropoulos, Greek economist and politician (d. 1898)
Deaths
January–June
- January 21 – Ludwig Achim von Arnim, German poet (b. 1781)
- February 14
- Vicente Guerrero, President of Mexico, Independence War hero (b. 1782)
- Marye of Yejju, Ethiopian Ras
- Sabagadis, Ethiopian warlord
- February 17 – Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (b. 1785)
- February 25 – Friedrich Maximilian Klinger, German writer (b. 1752)
- April 5 – Dmitry Senyavin, Russian admiral (b. 1763)
- April 20 – John Abernethy (surgeon) (b. 1764)
- April 27 – Charles Felix of Sardinia, King of Sardinia (b. 1765)
- April 30 – Collet Barker, British military officer and explorer (b. 1784)
- June 8 – Sarah Siddons, English actress (b. 1755)
- June 27 – Sophie Germain, French mathematician (b. 1776)
July–December
- July 4 – James Monroe, 5th President of the United States (b. 1758)
- July 16 – Louis Alexandre Andrault de Langeron, Russian general (b. 1763)
- August 24 – August von Gneisenau, Prussian field marshal (b. 1760)
- November 11 – Nat Turner, American slave rebel (b. 1800)
- November 14 – Georg Hegel, German philosopher (b. 1770)
- November 16 – Carl von Clausewitz, German military strategist (b. 1780)
- December 26 – Henry Louis Vivian Derozio, Indian Poet (b. 1809)
Date unknown
Marengo, Napoleon's mount in several battles (b. 1793)